日粮添加菜籽油对奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素浓度的影响
摘要
试验旨在研究日粮添加菜籽油对泌乳早期奶牛的泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素浓度的影响。选用30头泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,每头牛为1个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加2.0%、4.0%的菜籽油。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,2.0%菜籽油组和4.0%菜籽油组在试验末期的泌乳量分别提高了2.55、2.74 kg(P<0.05),经协方差分析校正后的泌乳量分别提高了2.60、2.76 kg(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2.0%、4.0%菜籽油组在试验末期的标准乳产量分别提高了2.69、2.61 kg(P<0.05),经协方差分析校正后的标准乳产量分别提高了2.73、2.59 kg(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2.0%、4.0%菜籽油组提高了试验末期以及协方差分析校正后的葡萄糖、胰岛素样生长因子1和胰岛素含量(P<0.05),降低试验末期以及协方差分析校正后的β-羟丁酸、乙酰乙酸、游离脂肪酸、瘦素和胰高血糖素浓度(P<0.05);添加2.0%、4.0%菜籽油对奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素浓度的影响均不显著。由此可见,泌乳早期奶牛日粮添加2.0%或4.0%菜籽油可通过调节激素分泌、降低酮体生成量来提高产奶量。
引文
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[23]Ehrhardt R A,Foskolos A,Giesy S L,et al.Increased plasma leptin attenuates adaptive metabolism in early lactating dairy cows[J].JEndocrinol,2016,229(2):145-157.
[2]Esposito G,Irons P C,Webb E C,et al.Interactions between negative energy balance,metabolic diseases,uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2014,144(3):60-71.
[3]Gerspach C,Imhasly S,Gubler M,et al.Altered plasma lipidome profile of dairy cows with fatty liver disease[J].Res Vet Sci,2017110:47-59.
[4]张海波.日粮添加不同脂肪酸对泌乳早期奶牛糖和脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(1):85-88.
[5]Christian A,Melanie S,Hermine K,et al.Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk[J].J Dairy Sci2014,81(1):120-128.
[6]Hashemzadeh-Cigari F,Ghorbani G R,Khorvash M,et al.Supplementation of herbal plants differently modulated metabolic profile,insulin sensitivity,and oxidative stress in transition dairy cows fed various extruded oil seeds[J].Prev Vet Med,2015,118(1):45-55.
[7]Bu D P,Wang J Q,Dhiman T R,et al.Effectiveness of oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids to enhance conjugated linoleic acid in milk from dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(2):998-1007.
[8]徐晓燕,王加启,卜登攀,等.日粮添加不同来源脂肪酸对奶牛脂质代谢及激素水平的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2012(3):71-75.
[9]中华人民共和国农业部.奶牛饲养标准NY/T34-2004[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[10]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[11]Dai X J,Wang C,Zhu Q.Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rapeseed oil,peanut oil and sunflower seed oil[J].Czech J Anim Sci,2011,56(4):181-191.
[12]Zhang H,Wang Z,Liu G,et al.Effect of dietary fat supplementation on milk components and blood parameters of earlylactating cows under heat stress[J].Slovak J Anim Sci,2011,44(2):52-58.
[13]Abeni F,Calamari L,Stefanini L.Metabolic conditions of lactating Friesian cows during the hot season in the Po valley.1.Blood indicators of heat stress[J].Int J Biom,2007,52(2):87-96.
[14]Fu Z,R Gilbert E,Liu D.Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes[J].Curr Diabetes Rev,2013,9(1):25-53.
[15]Rhodes C J,White M F.Molecular insights into insulin action and secretion[J].Eur J Clin Invest,2002,32:3-13.
[16]Moussavi A R H,Gilbert R O,Overton T R,et al.Effects of feeding fish meal and n-3 fatty acids on milk yield and metabolic responses in early lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(1):136-144.
[17]Nawathe A R,Christian M,Kim S H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor axis in pregnancies affected by fetal growth disorders[J].Clin Epigenetics,2016,8(1):1-13.
[18]Bach L A.Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-an update[J].Pediatr Endocr Rev P,2015,13(2):521-530.
[19]Murney R,Stelwagen K,Wheeler T T,et al.The effects of milking frequency on insulin-like growth factor I signaling within the mammary gland of dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2015,98(8):5422-5428.
[20]Hernández H,Flores J A,Delgadillo J A,et al.Effects of exposure to artificial long days on milk yield,maternal insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and kid growth rate in subtropical goats[J].Anim Sci J,2016,87(4):484-491.
[21]Madsbad S.The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 impairment in obesity and potential therapeutic implications[J].Diabetes Obes Metab,2014,16(1):9-21.
[22]张海波.日粮补充大豆油对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素浓度的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(9):89-93.
[23]Ehrhardt R A,Foskolos A,Giesy S L,et al.Increased plasma leptin attenuates adaptive metabolism in early lactating dairy cows[J].JEndocrinol,2016,229(2):145-157.