林麝泌香生理反应启动时间及不同生理阶段的时间分配
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摘要
泌香生理反应是雄麝特有的生理机能反应,其直接表现于麝香的分泌、形成。为揭示林麝泌香生理期发生的时间、不同阶段持续时间与年龄分布的关系,阐明泌香机理、探索影响麝香产量、质量因素及麝群泌香期科学饲养管理技术等问题,本研究采用随机法抽取麝群中50只麝,通过查阅系谱档案及年龄鉴别方法相结合区分为6个年龄组,观测个体采食、行为、排粪频次、粪便质地、色泽与粪量,嗅闻气味等区分泌香前期、泌香盛期、泌香后期,进行相关数据的记录,对记录完整的39只1岁(11只)、 2岁(7只)、 4岁(6只)、 5岁(6只)、 7岁(3只)及9岁(6只)等的样本数据资料采用Excel 2003及SAS 9.0软件进行数据的整理与统计分析。结果表明,麝群泌香期历经两个高峰,分别由成年麝群(> 2年龄)及育成麝群(≥1年龄及≤2年龄)主导,成年麝群泌香启动时间早于育成麝15d左右,且整个泌香期持续时间较长、变化相对平缓,育成麝泌香期持续时间较短、呈尖峰式变化;林麝年龄越小的群体泌香启动时间越迟但泌香期更显集中;6个年龄组麝群泌香期不同阶段时间分配并没有明显差异,且持续时间变异幅度较大;为明确育成麝和成年麝群泌香期各生理阶段持续时间的异同进行非配对资料T检验,结果显示,两个年龄段类群在泌香前期(T=–0.68, P=0.499 2)时间分配差异不显著,泌香盛期育成麝群和成年麝群持续时间分别为2.89 d(n=18)、4.10 d(n=21),二者持续时间差异显著(T=–2.59, P=0.013 5),泌香后期(T=–0.26, P=0.799 7)时间分配差异不显著;总泌香期育成麝群和成年麝群持续时间分别为8.67 d(n=18)、10.24 d(n=21),二者持续时间差异显著(T=–2.05, P=0.047 0),这是否表明泌香盛期、泌香总持续时间与麝香产量与质量有关还需进一步探索。本研究可为不同年龄雄麝群泌香生理反应期科学饲养管理技术、泌香期不同生理阶段持续时间及发掘与之紧密关联的麝香产量、质量间的关系提供参考依据。
The musk response is a unique physiological function of the musk deer,which is directly expressed in the secretion and formation of musk.This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the musk secretion start-up time,different physiological stages and age distribution of musk deer in order to elucidate the mechanism of musk,explore factors influencing musk yield and quality,and provide scientific feeding and breeding management techniques for musk deer.Genealogical records were collected for 50 musk deer from six age groups(1-,2-,4-,5-,7-and 9-year-old).Observations of feeding intake,behavior,defecation frequency,texture,color and smell of pellets were used to classify the entire musk period into three stages.Complete data for 39 musk deer were recorded.All data were analyzed using Excel 2003 and SAS 9.0 software.Two peaks in the age group were dominated by the adult(>2-year-old) and bred group(≤ 2-year-old).The start-up time of the adult group was earlier than that of the bred group(approximately 15 days),and the whole physiological period lasted longer and the change was relatively flat.Younger the musk deer,later the start up time of musk secretion;However,the musk physiological period was more concentrated.The duration of every physiological stage in the 6 age groups was not significantly different,and the duration of variation was bigger.A T-test of non-paired samples was carried out to compare the differences in 3 stages between the adult and bred group.The prime musk-secreting stage was not significantly different(T = –0.68,P = 0.499 2).The vigorous musk secreting stage of the bred group(2.89 d,n = 18) and adult group(4.10 d,n =21) was significantly different(T = –2.59,P = 0.013 5),whilst the later musk secreting stage was not significantly different(T = –0.26,P = 0.799 7).The total musk physiological period of the bred group(8.67 d,n = 18) and adult group(10.24 d,n =21) was significantly different(T = –2.05,P = 0.047 0).These results show that the time of vigorous musk secreting stage,total time and musk yield,and quality need to be further explored.The results of this study can lay the foundation for scientific feeding and breeding management techniques and clarify the relationship between the duration of different physiological stages of the musk-secreting period and the yield and quality of musk.
The musk response is a unique physiological function of the musk deer,which is directly expressed in the secretion and formation of musk.This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the musk secretion start-up time,different physiological stages and age distribution of musk deer in order to elucidate the mechanism of musk,explore factors influencing musk yield and quality,and provide scientific feeding and breeding management techniques for musk deer.Genealogical records were collected for 50 musk deer from six age groups(1-,2-,4-,5-,7-and 9-year-old).Observations of feeding intake,behavior,defecation frequency,texture,color and smell of pellets were used to classify the entire musk period into three stages.Complete data for 39 musk deer were recorded.All data were analyzed using Excel 2003 and SAS 9.0 software.Two peaks in the age group were dominated by the adult(>2-year-old) and bred group(≤ 2-year-old).The start-up time of the adult group was earlier than that of the bred group(approximately 15 days),and the whole physiological period lasted longer and the change was relatively flat.Younger the musk deer,later the start up time of musk secretion;However,the musk physiological period was more concentrated.The duration of every physiological stage in the 6 age groups was not significantly different,and the duration of variation was bigger.A T-test of non-paired samples was carried out to compare the differences in 3 stages between the adult and bred group.The prime musk-secreting stage was not significantly different(T = –0.68,P = 0.499 2).The vigorous musk secreting stage of the bred group(2.89 d,n = 18) and adult group(4.10 d,n =21) was significantly different(T = –2.59,P = 0.013 5),whilst the later musk secreting stage was not significantly different(T = –0.26,P = 0.799 7).The total musk physiological period of the bred group(8.67 d,n = 18) and adult group(10.24 d,n =21) was significantly different(T = –2.05,P = 0.047 0).These results show that the time of vigorous musk secreting stage,total time and musk yield,and quality need to be further explored.The results of this study can lay the foundation for scientific feeding and breeding management techniques and clarify the relationship between the duration of different physiological stages of the musk-secreting period and the yield and quality of musk.
引文
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[2]蒋应文.驯养马麝繁殖与行为观察.动物学杂志,1998,33(4):39-41.JIANG Y W.The observation of reproduction and behavior in captive alpine musk deer(Moschus sifanicus).Chinese Journal of Zoology,1998,33(4):39-41.
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[5]孟庆辉,刘春兰,潘世成,施哲梅,张学炎,孟秀祥.濒危马麝的有效取香率分析.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(12):53-59.MENG Q H,LIU C L,PAN S C,SHI Z M,ZHANG X Y,MENG X X.Studies on the operational musk-extraction ratio of endangered alpine musk deer in captivity.Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(12):53-59.
[6]李红亮,黎勇,周密,张红勇,施哲梅,孟秀祥.驯养马麝麝香产量及其影响因素.中国农业科学,2012,45(3):522-528.LI H L,LI Y,ZHOU M,ZHANG H Y,SHI Z M,MENG X X.Musk production and its influence factors of captive alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster).Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(3):522-528.
[7]冯文和,游育信,雍惠仪,李光荣,古其勋.林麝麝香腺的组织学观察.动物学杂志,1981,17(2):33-35.FENG W H,YOU Y X,YONG H Y,LI G R,GU Q X.Study on the musk gland histology of musk deer.Chinese Journal of Zoology,1981,17(2):33-35.
[8]沈琰,毕书增,朱定轩,朱承嗣,马复先,郭淑敏,贾林征,张正民.林麝泌香盛期前麝香腺囊电镜结构的初步研究.动物学杂志,1984(3):13-16.SHEN Y,BI S Z,ZHU D X,ZHU C S,MA F X,GUO S M,JIA L Z,ZHANG Z M.A preliminary study on the electron microscopic structure of vigorous musk secretion period in musk deer.Chinese Journal of Zoology,1984(3):13-16.
[9]毕书增,沈琰,朱定轩,朱承嗣,贾林征,张正民.麝泌香盛期麝香囊超微结构和麝香分泌研究.兽类学报,1985,5(2):81-85.BI S Z,SHEN Y,ZHU D X,ZHU C S,JIA L Z,ZHANG Z M.Study on musk gland ultrastructure and musk secretion in vigorous musk-secreting period.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1985,5(2):81-85.
[10]毕书增,张治国,贾林征,关强,宋建民.麝泌香盛期后麝香腺囊的显微与超微结构和麝香分泌研究.兽类学报,1985,4(2):96-99.BI S Z,ZHANG Z G,JIA L Z,GUAN Q,SONG J M.Musk musk secretion stage after musk glandular sac ultrastructure and secretion of musk.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1985,4(2):96-99.
[11]毕书增,贾林征,关强,朱定轩,朱承嗣,胡龙,李贵前.麝年周期麝香腺囊超微结构和麝香分泌形成研究.中国药学杂志,1993,28(11):653-657.BI S Z,JIA L Z,GUAN Q,ZHU D X,ZHU C S,HU L,LI G Q.Musk musk gland ultrastructure year cycle and the formation of musk secretion.Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,1993,28(11):653-657.
[12]毕书增,颜于宏,金绍忠,武义鸣,陈昌富,徐慧君,盛佩蒂,丁静秋.下丘脑-垂体-睾丸系统调节麝香分泌和提高麝香产量的初步研究.中药材科技,1980(4):18-20.BI S Z,YAN Y H,JIN S Z,WU Y M,CHEN C F,XU H J,SHENG P D,DING J Q.A preliminary study on the regulation of musk secretion and enhancement of musk production by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,1980(4):18-20.
[13]汪建隆,黄新民,朱定轩.促性腺激素对林麝泌香的影响.兽类学报,1981,2(1):105-106.WANG J L,HUANG X M,ZHU D X.Effect on gonadotrophin on musk secretion of musk deer.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1981,2(1):105-106.
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