上海动物园赤腹松鼠冬季生境特征初探
|
摘要
2015年10月至2016年1月,采用样线法、样方法相结合的方法对上海动物园内野生赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)对城市景观的栖息地利用进行调查。结果表明:赤腹松鼠生境的主要特征:坡度<10°的平缓坡,阳坡,食物丰富度丰富,距水源距离为0~30 m,人为干扰距离为10~20 m,乔木密度10~20株,灌木密度100~150株,乔木胸径20~30 cm,灌木冠幅100~150 cm,郁闭度为优,植被林型为常绿阔叶林。影响赤腹松鼠生境选择的主要因子为食物丰富度、植被林型、距水源距离。赤腹松鼠倾向于食物来源丰富的生境,随机选择一般以及较差的生境;倾向于在常绿阔叶林中活动,随机选择常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、疏林草地、竹林的林型生境;倾向于距水源0~30 m的距离内活动;距水源距离30~120 m的生境随机活动;避免在距水源距离120~150 m的生境活动。
Tracking observation and samples investigation methods were used to study the habitat selected by red-bellied tree squirrels( Callosciurus erythraeus) in the urban landscape of Shanghai zoo in Shanghai from October 2015 to January 2016. The results indicated that the habitat of red-bellied tree squirrels shared the following characteristics,habitat of well food richness,closes to water was less than 30 m,it was built along the slope between 0 degree to 10 degree toward north faced slope.The habitat with well canopy density where human disturbance distance was about 10 m to 20 m,tree density was 10-20 plant,shrub density was 100-150 plant. Tree diameter at breast height was20-30 cm,shrub crown width was 100-150 cm,evergreen broad-leaf forest. The primary factors influencing red-bellied tree squirrels were food abundance,habitat type and spacing of water. we found that the red-bellied tree squirrels preferred the habitat of well food richness,randomly selected the habitat of average source of food and impoverished environment; tended to live in evergreen broad-leaf forest, randomly selected to live in evergreen coniferous forest, deciduous coniferous forest,broad-leaved deciduous forest,theropencedrymion,bamboo forest and grazing for-est. Red-bellied tree squirrels tended to act away from the water within 0-30 m,randomly selected the distance from the water within 30-120 m,and avoided the habitat between 120-150 m far away from the water.
Tracking observation and samples investigation methods were used to study the habitat selected by red-bellied tree squirrels( Callosciurus erythraeus) in the urban landscape of Shanghai zoo in Shanghai from October 2015 to January 2016. The results indicated that the habitat of red-bellied tree squirrels shared the following characteristics,habitat of well food richness,closes to water was less than 30 m,it was built along the slope between 0 degree to 10 degree toward north faced slope.The habitat with well canopy density where human disturbance distance was about 10 m to 20 m,tree density was 10-20 plant,shrub density was 100-150 plant. Tree diameter at breast height was20-30 cm,shrub crown width was 100-150 cm,evergreen broad-leaf forest. The primary factors influencing red-bellied tree squirrels were food abundance,habitat type and spacing of water. we found that the red-bellied tree squirrels preferred the habitat of well food richness,randomly selected the habitat of average source of food and impoverished environment; tended to live in evergreen broad-leaf forest, randomly selected to live in evergreen coniferous forest, deciduous coniferous forest,broad-leaved deciduous forest,theropencedrymion,bamboo forest and grazing for-est. Red-bellied tree squirrels tended to act away from the water within 0-30 m,randomly selected the distance from the water within 30-120 m,and avoided the habitat between 120-150 m far away from the water.
引文
[1]蔡红霞,冉江红,张家平,等.赤腹松鼠危害季节性变化与食性的初步探讨[J].四川林业科技,2001,22(3):21-24.
[2]李湘涛.兽类博物馆[M].北京:时事出版社,2005.
[3]徐伟,冉江红,赤腹松鼠及其危害防治的研究[J].四川林业科技,2004,25(4):16-21.
[4]尹三军,温志新,冉江红,等.赤腹松鼠在人工林中的危害特征[J].四川动物,2010,29(3):376-381.
[5]董岚,纪岷,徐玮,等.人工林赤腹松鼠危害与繁殖关系的初步研究[J].四川动物,2009,28(2):126-131.
[6]温知新,尹三军,冉洪江,等.四川洪雅县赤腹松鼠巢址选择研究[J].四川动物,2010,29(5):540-682.
[7]亓东明.泸山赤腹松鼠生境特征初探[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医:科技版,2014,15(8):196-199.
[8]原东宝,邓维安.赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)春季生境特征初步分析[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(3):8-11.
[9]田志慧,陈克霞,达良俊,等.城市化进程中上海植被的多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅲ):高度城市化影响下上海中心城区杂草区系特征[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008(4):49-57.
[10]戎可,马建章,宗诚.凉水自然保护区松鼠巢址选择的特征[J].兽类学报,2009,29(1):32-39.
[11]戎可,宗诚,马建章.Bailey's方法在生境选择研究中的应用[J].动物学研究,2009,30(2):215-220.
[12]初红军,蒋志刚,蒋峰,等.鹅喉羚夏季和冬季卧栖地选择[J].动物学研究,2009,30(3):311-1772.
[13]魏辅文,冯祚建,王祖望.野生动物对生境选择的研究概况[J].动物学杂志,1998,33(4):48-52.
[14]王淯,王小明,王正寰,等.高原鼠兔生境选择的初步研究[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2004,4(41):1041-1045.
[15]Cransac N,Hewison A J M.Seasonal use and selection of habitat by mouflon(Ovis gmelini):comparison of the sexes[J].Behavioral Process,1997,41(1):57-67.
[16]陈恩伦.溪头、杉林溪松鼠分布差异与生育地因子之关系[D].台湾:台湾大学森林研究所,1988:5-56.
[17]刘彦芳.南仁山地区赤腹松鼠族群和栖地利用之研究[D].台湾:屏东科技大学野生动物保育研究所,2003:7-21.
[18]门兴元,郭宪国,董文鸽,等.珀氏长吻松鼠和赤腹松鼠在保护区与非保护区各年龄松林内的种群动态[J].动物学研究,2006,27(1):29-33.
[2]李湘涛.兽类博物馆[M].北京:时事出版社,2005.
[3]徐伟,冉江红,赤腹松鼠及其危害防治的研究[J].四川林业科技,2004,25(4):16-21.
[4]尹三军,温志新,冉江红,等.赤腹松鼠在人工林中的危害特征[J].四川动物,2010,29(3):376-381.
[5]董岚,纪岷,徐玮,等.人工林赤腹松鼠危害与繁殖关系的初步研究[J].四川动物,2009,28(2):126-131.
[6]温知新,尹三军,冉洪江,等.四川洪雅县赤腹松鼠巢址选择研究[J].四川动物,2010,29(5):540-682.
[7]亓东明.泸山赤腹松鼠生境特征初探[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医:科技版,2014,15(8):196-199.
[8]原东宝,邓维安.赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)春季生境特征初步分析[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(3):8-11.
[9]田志慧,陈克霞,达良俊,等.城市化进程中上海植被的多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅲ):高度城市化影响下上海中心城区杂草区系特征[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008(4):49-57.
[10]戎可,马建章,宗诚.凉水自然保护区松鼠巢址选择的特征[J].兽类学报,2009,29(1):32-39.
[11]戎可,宗诚,马建章.Bailey's方法在生境选择研究中的应用[J].动物学研究,2009,30(2):215-220.
[12]初红军,蒋志刚,蒋峰,等.鹅喉羚夏季和冬季卧栖地选择[J].动物学研究,2009,30(3):311-1772.
[13]魏辅文,冯祚建,王祖望.野生动物对生境选择的研究概况[J].动物学杂志,1998,33(4):48-52.
[14]王淯,王小明,王正寰,等.高原鼠兔生境选择的初步研究[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2004,4(41):1041-1045.
[15]Cransac N,Hewison A J M.Seasonal use and selection of habitat by mouflon(Ovis gmelini):comparison of the sexes[J].Behavioral Process,1997,41(1):57-67.
[16]陈恩伦.溪头、杉林溪松鼠分布差异与生育地因子之关系[D].台湾:台湾大学森林研究所,1988:5-56.
[17]刘彦芳.南仁山地区赤腹松鼠族群和栖地利用之研究[D].台湾:屏东科技大学野生动物保育研究所,2003:7-21.
[18]门兴元,郭宪国,董文鸽,等.珀氏长吻松鼠和赤腹松鼠在保护区与非保护区各年龄松林内的种群动态[J].动物学研究,2006,27(1):29-33.