贵州丽松鼠亚科动物资源调查
|
摘要
松鼠科丽松鼠亚科动物具有分布广、适应性强的特点,因种群量大而成为影响森林生态平衡的重要动物之一。贵州喀斯特地貌发育典型,植被类型多样,且在兽类区划上位于华中区和华南区的过渡地带,拥有较高的丽松鼠动物资源量,但长期以来缺乏系统的资源调查与数据整理。为此,本研究利用文献资料,结合采样调查与红外相机监测对贵州丽松鼠亚科动物进行了初步调查整理,结果表明:(1)贵州分布的丽松鼠主要包括赤腹松鼠、隐纹花松鼠、红腿长吻松鼠和珀氏长吻松鼠。(2)4种中,赤腹松鼠捕获率为0.64%、隐纹花松鼠为0.15%、红腿长吻松鼠0.089%、珀氏长吻松鼠0.11%。赤腹松鼠分布广泛,遍布全省,为优势种;红腿长吻松鼠分布相对狭窄,此外,贵州丽松鼠亚科动物集中分布在黔东北低山丘陵州和黔南低山河谷省,黔西西北部高原州物种分布最少。(3)随海拔的上升丽松鼠的分布逐渐减少,4种丽松鼠主要集中分布在900～1500 m之间海拔地带。(4)赤腹松鼠多活动在以马尾松、杉木等为主的针叶林和针阔混交林,红腿长吻松鼠活动在具开阔林窗的阔叶林带,珀氏长吻松鼠则经常出没在农耕地附近和灌丛中,阔叶林、针阔混交林则是隐纹花松鼠最常利用的生境。本文基本摸清贵州丽松鼠动物的分布与资源状况,将对这类动物资源的保护管理与科学研究提供重要的基础资料。
Oriental tree squirrels( Callosciurinae) are widely distributed and well adapted to Guizhou Province. The large populations of tree squirrels make them one of the important mammal species that affect the ecology of forest ecosystems. Guizhou is a province featuring highly-developed Karst landforms and diverse vegetation types. It is a zone of transition between central and southern China zoogeographical divisions,where there is high abundance of Oriental tree squirrels. But,we still know little about these animals and study reports are few. So,we conducted a study by literature review,field survey,and infrared camera monitoring to survey the species of Callosciurinae distributed in Guizhou. The main species of Callosciurinae are Callosciurus erythraeus,Tamiops swinhoei,Dremomys pyrrhomerus and D. pyrrhomerus. Among these, the capture rates of C.erythraeus,T. swinhoei,D. pyrrhomerus, and D. pernyi were 0. 64%, 0. 15%, 0. 089% and0. 11%,respectively. C. erythraeus is dominant, and is distributed all over Guizhou province,while D. pyrrhomerus is narrowly distributed. Most Oriental tree squirrels occupy the hilly areas of northeastern Guizhou and of southern Guizhou,and they rarely occur on the northwestern plateau area of western Guizhou. All species of Callosciurinae are found between elevations of 900 to 1500 masl,and abundance declines with increasing elevation. C. erythraeus inhabits coniferous forest and old-growth spruce forest dominated by Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata, D.pyrrhomerus usually inhabit broad-leaved forest with canopy gaps,while D. pyrrhomerus occupies shrub and nearby farmland. T. swinhoei occupies broad-leaved and old-growth spruce forest. In this study,the distribution and status of Callosciurinae species in Guizhou are reported generally to establish a basic biological reference for further conservation policy-making and scientific research.
Oriental tree squirrels( Callosciurinae) are widely distributed and well adapted to Guizhou Province. The large populations of tree squirrels make them one of the important mammal species that affect the ecology of forest ecosystems. Guizhou is a province featuring highly-developed Karst landforms and diverse vegetation types. It is a zone of transition between central and southern China zoogeographical divisions,where there is high abundance of Oriental tree squirrels. But,we still know little about these animals and study reports are few. So,we conducted a study by literature review,field survey,and infrared camera monitoring to survey the species of Callosciurinae distributed in Guizhou. The main species of Callosciurinae are Callosciurus erythraeus,Tamiops swinhoei,Dremomys pyrrhomerus and D. pyrrhomerus. Among these, the capture rates of C.erythraeus,T. swinhoei,D. pyrrhomerus, and D. pernyi were 0. 64%, 0. 15%, 0. 089% and0. 11%,respectively. C. erythraeus is dominant, and is distributed all over Guizhou province,while D. pyrrhomerus is narrowly distributed. Most Oriental tree squirrels occupy the hilly areas of northeastern Guizhou and of southern Guizhou,and they rarely occur on the northwestern plateau area of western Guizhou. All species of Callosciurinae are found between elevations of 900 to 1500 masl,and abundance declines with increasing elevation. C. erythraeus inhabits coniferous forest and old-growth spruce forest dominated by Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata, D.pyrrhomerus usually inhabit broad-leaved forest with canopy gaps,while D. pyrrhomerus occupies shrub and nearby farmland. T. swinhoei occupies broad-leaved and old-growth spruce forest. In this study,the distribution and status of Callosciurinae species in Guizhou are reported generally to establish a basic biological reference for further conservation policy-making and scientific research.
引文
[1]Smith A T,解焱,汪松,等.中国兽类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2009:53-58.
[2]刘铸.中国松鼠(Sciurus vulgaris)遗传系统分化与遗传多样性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[3]罗蓉,谢家骅,辜永河.贵州兽类志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1993:188-210.
[4]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:207-208.
[5]李松,冯庆,王应祥.赤腹松鼠一新亚种[J].动物分类学报,2006,31(3):675-682.
[6]许维岸,陈服官.赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)的三个新亚种[J].兽类学报,1989,9(4):289-302.
[7]杨再学,松会武,周绍南,等.贵州省啮齿动物区系及分布调查初报[J].西南农业学报,1994,7(2):95-100.
[8]施泽攀,周岐海,李先琨,等.弄岗森林动态监测样地及周边鸟兽的红外相机初步监测[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):826-829.
[9]王应祥.中国哺乳动物种和亚种分类名录与分布大全[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:137-150.
[10]黎道洪,罗蓉,宋锡章.贵州省啮齿动物地理区划[J].动物学报,1999,45(3):268-278.
[11]朱军,陈东升,谢建康.贵州思南四野屯省级自然保护区科学考察研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017.
[12]贵州梵净山科学考察集编辑委员会.贵州梵净山科学考察集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987.
[13]贵州省林业厅.贵州佛顶山自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[14]张华海,张旋.雷公山国家级自然保护区生物多样性研究[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2007.
[15]张华海,龙启德,廖德平.兴义坡岗自然保护区综合科学考察集[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2006.
[16]Wilson D E,Reeder D M.Mammal species of the world:a taxonomic and geographic reference[M].3rd edition.Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2005.
[17]原宝东.赤腹松鼠采食选择的季节性变化[J].四川动物,2011,30(4):602-606.
[18]原宝东,邓维安.赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythralus)春季生境特征初步分析[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(3):8-11.
[19]杨焱冰,陈光平,安明态,等.宽阔水国家级自然保护区重点保护野生植物优先保护序列研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2017,36(4):68-73,78.
[20]李义明,许龙,马勇,等.神农架自然保护区非飞行哺乳动物的物种丰富度:沿海拔梯度的分布格局[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):1-9.
[21]杨再学.贵州省啮齿动物地理分布的聚类分析[J].四川动物,1996,15(3):119-120.
[22]周立志,马勇,叶晓堤.中国干旱地区啮齿动物物种分布的区域分异[J].动物学报,2002,48(2):183-194.
[23]Brown J H.Species diversity of seed-eating desert rodents in sand dune habitats[J].Ecology,1973,54(4):775-787.
[24]李俊生,宋延龄,张晓岚.甘肃河西小型哺乳动物物种多样性与水热分布的关系[J].生态科学,2005,24(4):330-335.
[25]吴永杰,杨奇森,夏霖,等.贡嘎山东坡非飞行小型兽类物种多样性的垂直分布格局[J].生态学报,2012,32(14):4318-4328.
[26]张海波,张明明,王元顶,等.贵州洋溪自然保护区兽类资源及其特征分析[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(2):228-235.
[27]龚正达,吴厚永,段兴德,等.云南横断山区小型兽类物种多样性与地理分布趋势[J].生物多样性,2001,9(1):73-79.
[28]曾治高,巩会生,宋延龄,等.陕西马家山自然保护区大中型兽类的资源及区系与生态分布[J].四川动物,2006,25(1):87-91.
[29]陈恩伦.溪头、杉林溪松鼠分布差异与生育地因子之关系[D].台北:国立台湾大学,1988.
[30]亓东明.泸山赤腹松鼠的生境特征初探[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(15):196-199.
[31]门兴元,郭宪国,董文鸽,等.珀氏长吻松鼠和赤腹松鼠在保护区与非保护区各年龄松林内的种群动态[J].动物学研究,2006,27(1):29-33.
[32]王小明,周小平.隐纹花松鼠生态的初步观察[J].四川动物,1986,5(1):19-21.
[33]王敦清,蔡文清,黄季琦,等.福建的两种花松鼠及其生活习性的初步调查[J].动物学杂志,1957,1(4):236-238.
[2]刘铸.中国松鼠(Sciurus vulgaris)遗传系统分化与遗传多样性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[3]罗蓉,谢家骅,辜永河.贵州兽类志[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1993:188-210.
[4]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:207-208.
[5]李松,冯庆,王应祥.赤腹松鼠一新亚种[J].动物分类学报,2006,31(3):675-682.
[6]许维岸,陈服官.赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)的三个新亚种[J].兽类学报,1989,9(4):289-302.
[7]杨再学,松会武,周绍南,等.贵州省啮齿动物区系及分布调查初报[J].西南农业学报,1994,7(2):95-100.
[8]施泽攀,周岐海,李先琨,等.弄岗森林动态监测样地及周边鸟兽的红外相机初步监测[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):826-829.
[9]王应祥.中国哺乳动物种和亚种分类名录与分布大全[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003:137-150.
[10]黎道洪,罗蓉,宋锡章.贵州省啮齿动物地理区划[J].动物学报,1999,45(3):268-278.
[11]朱军,陈东升,谢建康.贵州思南四野屯省级自然保护区科学考察研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2017.
[12]贵州梵净山科学考察集编辑委员会.贵州梵净山科学考察集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987.
[13]贵州省林业厅.贵州佛顶山自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[14]张华海,张旋.雷公山国家级自然保护区生物多样性研究[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2007.
[15]张华海,龙启德,廖德平.兴义坡岗自然保护区综合科学考察集[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2006.
[16]Wilson D E,Reeder D M.Mammal species of the world:a taxonomic and geographic reference[M].3rd edition.Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2005.
[17]原宝东.赤腹松鼠采食选择的季节性变化[J].四川动物,2011,30(4):602-606.
[18]原宝东,邓维安.赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythralus)春季生境特征初步分析[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(3):8-11.
[19]杨焱冰,陈光平,安明态,等.宽阔水国家级自然保护区重点保护野生植物优先保护序列研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2017,36(4):68-73,78.
[20]李义明,许龙,马勇,等.神农架自然保护区非飞行哺乳动物的物种丰富度:沿海拔梯度的分布格局[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):1-9.
[21]杨再学.贵州省啮齿动物地理分布的聚类分析[J].四川动物,1996,15(3):119-120.
[22]周立志,马勇,叶晓堤.中国干旱地区啮齿动物物种分布的区域分异[J].动物学报,2002,48(2):183-194.
[23]Brown J H.Species diversity of seed-eating desert rodents in sand dune habitats[J].Ecology,1973,54(4):775-787.
[24]李俊生,宋延龄,张晓岚.甘肃河西小型哺乳动物物种多样性与水热分布的关系[J].生态科学,2005,24(4):330-335.
[25]吴永杰,杨奇森,夏霖,等.贡嘎山东坡非飞行小型兽类物种多样性的垂直分布格局[J].生态学报,2012,32(14):4318-4328.
[26]张海波,张明明,王元顶,等.贵州洋溪自然保护区兽类资源及其特征分析[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(2):228-235.
[27]龚正达,吴厚永,段兴德,等.云南横断山区小型兽类物种多样性与地理分布趋势[J].生物多样性,2001,9(1):73-79.
[28]曾治高,巩会生,宋延龄,等.陕西马家山自然保护区大中型兽类的资源及区系与生态分布[J].四川动物,2006,25(1):87-91.
[29]陈恩伦.溪头、杉林溪松鼠分布差异与生育地因子之关系[D].台北:国立台湾大学,1988.
[30]亓东明.泸山赤腹松鼠的生境特征初探[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014(15):196-199.
[31]门兴元,郭宪国,董文鸽,等.珀氏长吻松鼠和赤腹松鼠在保护区与非保护区各年龄松林内的种群动态[J].动物学研究,2006,27(1):29-33.
[32]王小明,周小平.隐纹花松鼠生态的初步观察[J].四川动物,1986,5(1):19-21.
[33]王敦清,蔡文清,黄季琦,等.福建的两种花松鼠及其生活习性的初步调查[J].动物学杂志,1957,1(4):236-238.