广西十万大山蚱类昆虫生态适应性
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摘要
本文探讨了广西十万大山荒坡草丛、湿地、林间小溪、河滩沙石、灌木丛、阔叶林、针叶林、混交林共8个生境的蚱类昆虫种类组成、分布规律、蚱类昆虫对不同生境的选择以及蚱类形态对生境的适应特性。结果表明:蚱类昆虫种类数量灌木丛>阔叶林>荒坡草丛>湿地>混交林>林间小溪>河滩沙石>针叶林;蚱类昆虫对生境不但有较大的偏好性而且有着严格的选择性;生活在林间小溪的蚱类具有长的前胸背板和后翅。光照强度对日本蚱(Tetrix japonica)的前胸背板长度、前足股节长度、中足股节长度以及后足胫节长度有显著影响;露点温度对肩宽、后翅长度和后足股节长度产生显著的影响;湿度对前翅长度产生显著的影响。推测光照强度、露点温度和湿度3个环境因子不同程度对日本蚱的不同形态性状产生显著影响,是导致日本蚱型变呈多样化的关键原因。
A survey was conducted to reveal the species composition and distribution of Tetrigid,their choice of and adaptability to habitats in sloping tussock,wetland,forested stream,beach,bushes,broadleaved forest,coniferous forest,and mixed forest in Shiwanshan of Guangxi. The results showed that the species number of the Tetrigrid in the different habitats was in order of bushes > broadleaved forest > sloping tussock > wetland > mixed forest > forested stream > beach >coniferous forest. Different species had different habitat preferences and strict habitat selectivity.Species living in forested stream had a longer pronotum and longer hind wings. Light intensity significantly affected the lengths of pronotum,fore and mid femurs and tarsus of Tetrix japonica.Dew point temperature had a significant effect on the width of the humeral angle and the length of the hind wings and hind femurs,and so did humidity on the length of the tegmina. It is suggested that light intensity,dew point temperature and humidity have significant impacts on different morphological characters of T. japonica,playing a critical role in the diversification of T. japonica.
A survey was conducted to reveal the species composition and distribution of Tetrigid,their choice of and adaptability to habitats in sloping tussock,wetland,forested stream,beach,bushes,broadleaved forest,coniferous forest,and mixed forest in Shiwanshan of Guangxi. The results showed that the species number of the Tetrigrid in the different habitats was in order of bushes > broadleaved forest > sloping tussock > wetland > mixed forest > forested stream > beach >coniferous forest. Different species had different habitat preferences and strict habitat selectivity.Species living in forested stream had a longer pronotum and longer hind wings. Light intensity significantly affected the lengths of pronotum,fore and mid femurs and tarsus of Tetrix japonica.Dew point temperature had a significant effect on the width of the humeral angle and the length of the hind wings and hind femurs,and so did humidity on the length of the tegmina. It is suggested that light intensity,dew point temperature and humidity have significant impacts on different morphological characters of T. japonica,playing a critical role in the diversification of T. japonica.
引文
白克强,曹成全,宋伟.2013.大优角蚱卵块外型的数学模型研究及其生态学意义.昆虫学报,56(9):1083-1087.
邓维安,郑哲民.2006a.广西南部地区蚱科三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).昆虫分类学报,28(2):111-117.
邓维安,郑哲民,韦仕珍.2006b.广西羊角蚱属三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:刺翼蚱科).昆虫分类学报,28(4):254-261.
邓维安,郑哲民,韦仕珍.2007a.滇桂地区蚱总科动物志.南宁:广西科学技术出版社.
邓维安,郑哲民,韦仕珍.2007b.中国柯蚱属一新种记述(直翅目,蚱总科,蚱科).动物分类学报,25(4):402-405.
蒋国芳,郑哲民.1998.广西蝗虫.桂林:广西师范大学出版社.
梁铬球,郑哲民.1984.广东省蚱科一新属一新种(直翅目).昆虫学报,27(4):430-432.
梁铬球,郑哲民.1998.中国动物志,昆虫纲(第12卷,直翅目,蚱总科).北京:科学出版社.
梁铬球,蒋国芳,刘建文.2007.广西郑蚱属一新种(直翅目,刺翼蚱科).动物分类学报,32(3):659-660.
张孝羲.2001.昆虫生态及预测预报.北京:中国农业出版社.
郑哲民.1983.中国蚱科一新种(直翅目).昆虫学报,26(1):85-86.
郑哲民.1992.直翅目:菱蝗科//中国科学院青藏高原综合考察队.横断山昆虫(第1册).北京:科学出版社:82-94.
郑哲民.1993.直翅目:蚱总科(菱蝗总科)//黄春梅.龙栖山动物.北京:中国林业出版社:70-83.
郑哲民.1996.中国蚱科三新种记述(直翅目).动物分类学报,21(1):83-88.
郑哲民.2003.广西大瑶山地区蚱总科六新种记述(直翅目).动物分类学报,28(1):88-94.
郑哲民.2005a.中国西部蚱总科志.北京:科学出版社.
郑哲民.2005b.中国狭顶蚱属Systolederus分类研究(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科).昆虫分类学报,27(2):81-88.
郑哲民.2006.云南省蚱科四新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).昆虫分类学报,28(3):161-168.
郑哲民,梁铬球.1991.中国瘤蚱属的研究(直翅目:蚱科:刺翼蚱亚科).昆虫学报,34(4):453-457.
郑哲民,蒋国芳,1994a.广西蚱总科五新种记述(直翅目).广西科学,1(2):32-36.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.1994b.广西北部环江地区蚱总科的调查(直翅目).广西科学院学报,10(1):86-92.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.1997.中国蚱科三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).动物学研究,18(2):151-155.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2000a.广西龙州地区蚱总科三新种记述(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,22(2):85-90.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2000b.广西蚱科四新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).动物学研究,21(2):144-148.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2000c.广西短翼蚱科的新属和新种(直翅目:蚱总科).动物分类学报,25(4):402-405.
郑哲民,韦仕珍.2000d.广西河池地区蝗虫调查.广西科学,7(2):147-149.
郑哲民,黎天山.2001.广西蚱总科两新种(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,23(4):243-247.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2002a.广西南部地区蚱总科一新属和七新种.动物学研究,23(5):409-416.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2002b.中国大磨蚱属的研究(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科).昆虫分类学报,24(4):235-238.
郑哲民,石福明.2002c.渝桂地区蚱总科三新种记述(直翅目).陕西师范大学学报,30(2):82-86.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2003a.广西龙滩自然保护区短翼蚱科三新种(直翅目:蚱总科).昆虫分类学报,25(2):79-84.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2003b.广西十万大山蚱科二新种(直翅目:蚱总科).陕西师范大学学报,31(3):98-101.
郑哲民,石福明,罗桂虎.2003c.广西红水河地区蚱总科的新种(直翅目).华中农业大学学报,22(5):436-441.
Amedegnato C,Devriese H.2008.Global diversity of true and pygmy grasshoppers(Acridomorpha,Orthoptera)in freshwater.Hydrobiologia,595:535-543.
Bhalerao AM,Paranjape SY.1986.Studies on the bioecology of a grouse locust Euscelimena harpago Serv.(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae).Gegbios,13:145-150.
Bolívar I.1887.Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae.Annales de la SociétéEntomologique de Belgique,31:175-313.
Bolívar I.1898.Contributionsàlétude des Acridiens,espèces de la faune Indo et Austro-Malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova.Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova,19:1-36.
Bolívar I.1909.Nouvelles espèces d’Acridiens du Musée de Genève.Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espaola de Historia Natural,9:392-408.
Dalman JW.1818.Nagra nya genera och species af insekter beskrifna.Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar,39:69-89.
Deng WA,Zheng ZM,Li XD,et al.2015.The groundhopper fauna(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae)of Shiwanshan(Guangxi,China)with description of three new species.Zootaxa,3925:151-178.
Günther K.1938a.Revision der Acrydiinae.Ⅰ.Sectiones Tripetalocera,Discotettigiae,Lophoterrigiae,Cleostratae,Bufonidae,Cladonotae,Scelimenae verae.Mitteilungen Zoologischen Museum Berllin,23:299-437.
Günther K.1938b.Revision der Acrydiinae,Ⅱ.Scelmenae spurise.Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,99:117-148&161-230.
Günther K.1939.Revision der Acrydiinae(Orthoptera),Ⅲ.Sectio Amorphopi(Metrodorae Bol.1887,aut.).Abhandlungen und Berichte der Museum für Tierkunde und Vlkerkunde zu Dresden(A),20:16-335.
Haan W.1842.Bijdragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera//Temminck CL,ed.Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen.de Leden der Natuurkundige Commissie in Indien Andere Schrijvers:166-167.
Hancock JL.1912.Tetriginae(Acridiinae)in the Agricultural Research Institute,Pusa,Bihar,with descriptions of new species.Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture,India(Entomology Series),4:131-160.
Hancock JL.1915.Indian Tetriginae(Acrydiinae).Records of Indian Museum Calcutta,11:55-137.
Jaccard P.1908.Nouvelle recherche sur la distribution florale.Bulletin de la Socidtd Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles,44:223-270.
Li XD,Deng WA,Zheng ZM,et al.2014.Two new species of the genus Xistra Bolivar(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae)from China.Neotropical Entomology,43:209-217.
Linnaeus C.1758.Systema Naturae,per Regna tria Naturae secundum Classes,Ordines,Genera,Species,cum Characteribus,Differentiis,Synonymis,Locis.London:British Museum of Natural History.
Paranjape SY.1985.Behavioural analysis of feeding and breeding in Orthoptera insects.Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences(Animal Sciences),94:265-282.
Paranjape SY,Naidu NM,Godbole NN.1987.Significance of haemolymph protein patterns inbiosystematic studies of some grouse locusts(Tetrigidae:Orthoptera).Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences(Animal Sciences),96:527-532.
Sahlberg J.1891.Om de finska arterna af orthopterslgtet Tettix Charp.Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica,19:43-48.
Stl C.1861.Orthoptera species novas descripsit.Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden,Stockholm,2:299-350.
Tsurui K,Honma A,Nishida T.2010.Camouflage effects of various colour-marking morphs against different microhabitat backgrounds in a polymorphic pygmy grasshopper Tetrix Japonica.PLo S ONE,5:e11446.
Walker F.1871.Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum,PartⅤ.London:British Museum of Natural History.
Wennersten L,Johansson J,Karpestam E,et al.2012.Higher establishment success in more diverse groups of pygmy grasshoppers under seminatural conditions.Ecology,93:2519-2525.
Zheng ZM,Li K,Shi FM.2003.A review of the genus Bolivaritettix Gunther(Orthoptera:Metrodoridae)in China.Oriental Insects,37:484-485.
邓维安,郑哲民.2006a.广西南部地区蚱科三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).昆虫分类学报,28(2):111-117.
邓维安,郑哲民,韦仕珍.2006b.广西羊角蚱属三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:刺翼蚱科).昆虫分类学报,28(4):254-261.
邓维安,郑哲民,韦仕珍.2007a.滇桂地区蚱总科动物志.南宁:广西科学技术出版社.
邓维安,郑哲民,韦仕珍.2007b.中国柯蚱属一新种记述(直翅目,蚱总科,蚱科).动物分类学报,25(4):402-405.
蒋国芳,郑哲民.1998.广西蝗虫.桂林:广西师范大学出版社.
梁铬球,郑哲民.1984.广东省蚱科一新属一新种(直翅目).昆虫学报,27(4):430-432.
梁铬球,郑哲民.1998.中国动物志,昆虫纲(第12卷,直翅目,蚱总科).北京:科学出版社.
梁铬球,蒋国芳,刘建文.2007.广西郑蚱属一新种(直翅目,刺翼蚱科).动物分类学报,32(3):659-660.
张孝羲.2001.昆虫生态及预测预报.北京:中国农业出版社.
郑哲民.1983.中国蚱科一新种(直翅目).昆虫学报,26(1):85-86.
郑哲民.1992.直翅目:菱蝗科//中国科学院青藏高原综合考察队.横断山昆虫(第1册).北京:科学出版社:82-94.
郑哲民.1993.直翅目:蚱总科(菱蝗总科)//黄春梅.龙栖山动物.北京:中国林业出版社:70-83.
郑哲民.1996.中国蚱科三新种记述(直翅目).动物分类学报,21(1):83-88.
郑哲民.2003.广西大瑶山地区蚱总科六新种记述(直翅目).动物分类学报,28(1):88-94.
郑哲民.2005a.中国西部蚱总科志.北京:科学出版社.
郑哲民.2005b.中国狭顶蚱属Systolederus分类研究(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科).昆虫分类学报,27(2):81-88.
郑哲民.2006.云南省蚱科四新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).昆虫分类学报,28(3):161-168.
郑哲民,梁铬球.1991.中国瘤蚱属的研究(直翅目:蚱科:刺翼蚱亚科).昆虫学报,34(4):453-457.
郑哲民,蒋国芳,1994a.广西蚱总科五新种记述(直翅目).广西科学,1(2):32-36.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.1994b.广西北部环江地区蚱总科的调查(直翅目).广西科学院学报,10(1):86-92.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.1997.中国蚱科三新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).动物学研究,18(2):151-155.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2000a.广西龙州地区蚱总科三新种记述(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,22(2):85-90.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2000b.广西蚱科四新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科).动物学研究,21(2):144-148.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2000c.广西短翼蚱科的新属和新种(直翅目:蚱总科).动物分类学报,25(4):402-405.
郑哲民,韦仕珍.2000d.广西河池地区蝗虫调查.广西科学,7(2):147-149.
郑哲民,黎天山.2001.广西蚱总科两新种(直翅目).昆虫分类学报,23(4):243-247.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2002a.广西南部地区蚱总科一新属和七新种.动物学研究,23(5):409-416.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2002b.中国大磨蚱属的研究(直翅目:蚱总科:短翼蚱科).昆虫分类学报,24(4):235-238.
郑哲民,石福明.2002c.渝桂地区蚱总科三新种记述(直翅目).陕西师范大学学报,30(2):82-86.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2003a.广西龙滩自然保护区短翼蚱科三新种(直翅目:蚱总科).昆虫分类学报,25(2):79-84.
郑哲民,蒋国芳.2003b.广西十万大山蚱科二新种(直翅目:蚱总科).陕西师范大学学报,31(3):98-101.
郑哲民,石福明,罗桂虎.2003c.广西红水河地区蚱总科的新种(直翅目).华中农业大学学报,22(5):436-441.
Amedegnato C,Devriese H.2008.Global diversity of true and pygmy grasshoppers(Acridomorpha,Orthoptera)in freshwater.Hydrobiologia,595:535-543.
Bhalerao AM,Paranjape SY.1986.Studies on the bioecology of a grouse locust Euscelimena harpago Serv.(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae).Gegbios,13:145-150.
Bolívar I.1887.Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae.Annales de la SociétéEntomologique de Belgique,31:175-313.
Bolívar I.1898.Contributionsàlétude des Acridiens,espèces de la faune Indo et Austro-Malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova.Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova,19:1-36.
Bolívar I.1909.Nouvelles espèces d’Acridiens du Musée de Genève.Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espaola de Historia Natural,9:392-408.
Dalman JW.1818.Nagra nya genera och species af insekter beskrifna.Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar,39:69-89.
Deng WA,Zheng ZM,Li XD,et al.2015.The groundhopper fauna(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae)of Shiwanshan(Guangxi,China)with description of three new species.Zootaxa,3925:151-178.
Günther K.1938a.Revision der Acrydiinae.Ⅰ.Sectiones Tripetalocera,Discotettigiae,Lophoterrigiae,Cleostratae,Bufonidae,Cladonotae,Scelimenae verae.Mitteilungen Zoologischen Museum Berllin,23:299-437.
Günther K.1938b.Revision der Acrydiinae,Ⅱ.Scelmenae spurise.Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,99:117-148&161-230.
Günther K.1939.Revision der Acrydiinae(Orthoptera),Ⅲ.Sectio Amorphopi(Metrodorae Bol.1887,aut.).Abhandlungen und Berichte der Museum für Tierkunde und Vlkerkunde zu Dresden(A),20:16-335.
Haan W.1842.Bijdragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera//Temminck CL,ed.Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen.de Leden der Natuurkundige Commissie in Indien Andere Schrijvers:166-167.
Hancock JL.1912.Tetriginae(Acridiinae)in the Agricultural Research Institute,Pusa,Bihar,with descriptions of new species.Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture,India(Entomology Series),4:131-160.
Hancock JL.1915.Indian Tetriginae(Acrydiinae).Records of Indian Museum Calcutta,11:55-137.
Jaccard P.1908.Nouvelle recherche sur la distribution florale.Bulletin de la Socidtd Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles,44:223-270.
Li XD,Deng WA,Zheng ZM,et al.2014.Two new species of the genus Xistra Bolivar(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae)from China.Neotropical Entomology,43:209-217.
Linnaeus C.1758.Systema Naturae,per Regna tria Naturae secundum Classes,Ordines,Genera,Species,cum Characteribus,Differentiis,Synonymis,Locis.London:British Museum of Natural History.
Paranjape SY.1985.Behavioural analysis of feeding and breeding in Orthoptera insects.Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences(Animal Sciences),94:265-282.
Paranjape SY,Naidu NM,Godbole NN.1987.Significance of haemolymph protein patterns inbiosystematic studies of some grouse locusts(Tetrigidae:Orthoptera).Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences(Animal Sciences),96:527-532.
Sahlberg J.1891.Om de finska arterna af orthopterslgtet Tettix Charp.Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica,19:43-48.
Stl C.1861.Orthoptera species novas descripsit.Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden,Stockholm,2:299-350.
Tsurui K,Honma A,Nishida T.2010.Camouflage effects of various colour-marking morphs against different microhabitat backgrounds in a polymorphic pygmy grasshopper Tetrix Japonica.PLo S ONE,5:e11446.
Walker F.1871.Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum,PartⅤ.London:British Museum of Natural History.
Wennersten L,Johansson J,Karpestam E,et al.2012.Higher establishment success in more diverse groups of pygmy grasshoppers under seminatural conditions.Ecology,93:2519-2525.
Zheng ZM,Li K,Shi FM.2003.A review of the genus Bolivaritettix Gunther(Orthoptera:Metrodoridae)in China.Oriental Insects,37:484-485.