复合绝缘子芯棒疲劳断裂特性分析
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摘要
在自制疲劳试验机上模拟了复合绝缘子实际运行时的疲劳损伤过程,分别讨论了摆动幅度和扭转角度对绝缘子疲劳寿命的影响。并采用超景深三维显微系统测量了绝缘子断口表面形貌,利用分形几何学理论定量表征了断口表面形貌。研究表明,芯棒疲劳断裂是在循环应力的作用下,芯棒裂纹逐渐深化直至大量纤维断裂的过程。断口表面分形维数介于2～3之间,且线性回归相关系数都在0.99以上,强的相关性表明断口表面分形维数具有明显的分形特征;断口形貌的形成不仅受载荷产生的形变影响,也与载荷循环次数有关,断口表面分形维数与其受到的载荷呈正相关,与应力循环次数呈负相关关系。
In order to analyze the fatigue fracture surface characteristics of composite insulator core rod, the fatigue damage process of insulators under different amplitude/torsion angle conditions was simulated by dynamic load fatigue test. The surface morphology of insulator fracture was observed by using an super deep scene 3 D microscope, and combined with fatigue loads and the number of stress cycles, the formation mechanism of the fracture surface was analyzed. The fractal geometry theory was used to describe the complexity of the fracture morphology in quantitatively and discussed the relationship between the fractal dimension and the fatigue loads. The results show that the fatigue fracture process of core rod is actually a stress corrosion process, which means that under the action of stress, the crack of the fiber gradually deepens until it breaks. The deformation and abrasion caused by the cyclic stress all determined the fracture surface morphology. The fractal dimension of the fracture surface is between 2 and 3, and the linear regression correlation coefficient is above 0.99, the strong correlation shows that the fracture surface of the insulator has obvious fractal characteristics. The formation of the fracture surface is not only related to the deformation, but also related to the number of stress cycles. The fractal dimension of the fracture surface is positively correlated with the loads and negatively correlated with the number of load cycles.
In order to analyze the fatigue fracture surface characteristics of composite insulator core rod, the fatigue damage process of insulators under different amplitude/torsion angle conditions was simulated by dynamic load fatigue test. The surface morphology of insulator fracture was observed by using an super deep scene 3 D microscope, and combined with fatigue loads and the number of stress cycles, the formation mechanism of the fracture surface was analyzed. The fractal geometry theory was used to describe the complexity of the fracture morphology in quantitatively and discussed the relationship between the fractal dimension and the fatigue loads. The results show that the fatigue fracture process of core rod is actually a stress corrosion process, which means that under the action of stress, the crack of the fiber gradually deepens until it breaks. The deformation and abrasion caused by the cyclic stress all determined the fracture surface morphology. The fractal dimension of the fracture surface is between 2 and 3, and the linear regression correlation coefficient is above 0.99, the strong correlation shows that the fracture surface of the insulator has obvious fractal characteristics. The formation of the fracture surface is not only related to the deformation, but also related to the number of stress cycles. The fractal dimension of the fracture surface is positively correlated with the loads and negatively correlated with the number of load cycles.
引文
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[19] 罗茂盛,刘兴年,罗 宪,等.山区小流域坡面、沟道床面粗糙度与糙率测量方法探讨[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008(06):57-62.LUO MaoSheng, LIU XingNian, LUO Xian, et al. Roughness of slop surfaces and gully bed and its measurement method in a small watershed of mountainous areas[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Science Engineering Edition), 2008(06):57-62(In Chinese).
[2] 邵颖彪,卢 明,马德英,等.河南电网一起500kV复合绝缘子断裂故障分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(01):34-39.SHAO YinBiao, LU Ming, MA DeYing, et al. Analysis of fracture accident of 500kv composite insulators occurred in henan grid[J]. Insulators and surge Arresters, 2016(01):34-39(In Chinese).
[3] 胡 雯,赵 淳.考虑多因素的棒形悬式复合绝缘子老化评估研究[J].高压电器, 2018,54(03):93-97.HU Wen, ZHAO Chun. Research on aging assessment of composite rod insulators considering multiple indexes[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018, 54(03): 93-97(In Chinese).
[4] 闫文斌,王达达,李卫国,等.X射线对复合绝缘子内部缺陷的透照检测和诊断[J].高压电器,2012,48(10):58-66.YAN WenBin, WANG DaDa, LI WeiGuo, et al. Application of X-ray technology in composite insulators defect diagnosis[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2012,48(10):58-66(In Chinese).
[5] 谢占山,王璋奇,陈 原,等.复合绝缘子机械疲劳性能的研究现状[J].华北电力技术,2011(11):15-20.XIE ZhanShan, WANG ZhangQi, CHEN Yuan, et al. Research status of mechanical fatigue properties of composite insulators[J]. North China Electric Power, 2011(11): 15-20(In Chinese).
[6] 高明振,张 锐,张志伟.线路绝缘子串机械振动疲劳性能的试验研究[J].高电压技术,2009,35(10):2591-2596.GAO MingZhen, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG ZhiWei. Test study of mechanical vibration characteristics of ehv transmission line insulators string[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2009,35(10):2591-2596(In Chinese).
[7] 钟群鹏,赵子华,张 峥.断口学的发展及微观断裂机理研究[J].机械强度,2005(03):358-370.ZHONG QunPeng, ZHAO ZiHua, ZHANG Zheng. Development of ‘fractography’ and reseach of Fracture Micromechanism[J]. Journal of Mechanical strength, 2005(03):358-370(In Chinese).
[8] 苗振鹏. 500kV输电线路合成绝缘子断裂原因分析[J].山东电力高等专科学校学报, 2012(04):23-25.MIAO ZhenPeng. 500 kV Fracture analysis of composite insulator in power transmission line[J]. Journal of Shandong Electric Power College, 2012(04): 23-25(In Chinese).
[9] 赵庆州.复合绝缘子断裂机理分析及建议[J].广西 电力,2014,37(03):77-81.ZHAO QingZhou. Analysis suggestion on rupture mechanism of composite insulator[J]. Guangxi Electric Power, 2014, 37(03): 77-81(In Chinese).
[10] 王少华,叶自强,罗 盛.500 kV复合绝缘子断裂机理及检测方法[J].中国电力,2011,44(08):19-21.WANG ShaoHua, YE ZiQiang, LUO Sheng. Fracture mechanism and detection methods of 500kv composite insulators[J]. Electric Power, 2011, 44(08): 19-21(In Chinese).
[11] 王彩华,薛海龙,余 为,等.玻纤增强环氧树脂复合泡沫材料在酸碱腐蚀下的弯曲性能研究[J].机械强度,2018,40(02):312-318.WANG CaiHua, XUE HaiLong, YU Wei, et al. Research on flexural properties of epoxy resin syntactic from reinforced by glass fiber under acid and alkali corrosion[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2018, 40(02): 312-318(In Chinese).
[12] 赵新泽,彭文昱,赵美云,等.腐蚀对复合绝缘子芯棒力学性能的影响[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(02):184-189.ZHAO XinZe, PENG WenYu, ZHAO MeiYun, et al. Effect of corrosion on mechanical properties of composite insulator[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(02):184-189(In Chinese).
[13] Lung C W, Tosatti E. Fractal in physics[M]. Amsterdarm: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986: 189.
[14] Carpinteri A, Spagnoli A, Vandatori S, An approach to size effect in fatigue of metals using fractal theories[J]. Fatigue Fract.Eng. Mater. Struct.,2002(25): 619-622.
[15] 赵新泽,汪 坤,付志成,等.复合绝缘子动载荷扭振试验机[P].湖北:CN104833469A,2015-08-12.ZHAO XinZe, WANG Kun, FU ZhiCheng, et al. Composite insulator dynamic load torsion vibration testing machine[p]. Hubei: CN104833469A,2015-08-12 (In Chinese).
[16] 胡立春,刘国东,李世钰,等.基于带约束最小二乘法的海螺沟冰川区同位素三水源径流分割[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(05):50-57.HU LiChun, LIU GuoDong, XU JiuJun, et al. A three-component hydrograph separation with stable isotopes based on constrained least square method-a cased of Hailuogou glacier[J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Science Engineering Edition), 2016, 48(05): 50-57(In Chinese).
[17] 孙 昂,朱新河,徐久军.基于三维的摩擦表面分形维数计算方法[J].润滑与密封,2013,38(08):13-16.SUN Ang, ZHU XinHe, XU JiuJun. Three-dimensional calculation methods of fracture dimension for friction surfaces[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2013, 38(08): 13-16(In Chinese).
[18] 邹文栋, 黄长辉, 欧阳小琴, 等.合金韧窝断口三维微观形貌的白光相移干涉检测重构及分形表征[J]. 中国机械工程,2010, 21(22): 2675-2678.ZOU Wendong, HUANG Changhui, OUYANG Xiaoqin, et al. White light phase-shifting interferometer detection, reconstruction and characterization of alloy dimple fracture 3d microstructure[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 21(22): 2675-2678(In Chinese).
[19] 罗茂盛,刘兴年,罗 宪,等.山区小流域坡面、沟道床面粗糙度与糙率测量方法探讨[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008(06):57-62.LUO MaoSheng, LIU XingNian, LUO Xian, et al. Roughness of slop surfaces and gully bed and its measurement method in a small watershed of mountainous areas[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Science Engineering Edition), 2008(06):57-62(In Chinese).