双圆盘空化器射弹通气超空泡形态特性实验研究
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摘要
基于空泡截面独立扩张原理,提出了一种应用于水下射弹的双圆盘空化器。并在高速循环水洞中对此系列双圆盘空化器的空泡生成特性和形态特性进行实验研究。实验通过改变通气流量系数,观察了不同锥顶角下的通气超空泡形态。实验表明,此系列双圆盘空化器诱导生成的通气超空泡存在前盘优先和后盘优先2种空化状态,二者的过渡发生在锥顶角55°附近;生成稳定通气超空泡的临界通气流量系数值与锥顶角呈正相关趋势,前盘和后盘对空泡生成具有相互抑制作用;且通气超空泡的形态特征量不随通气流量系数增加而持续增加,而是存在一个通气流量系数上限值。
Based on the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion,a double disc cavitator for underwater projectiles is proposed in this paper.The high-speed water tunnel experiment is carried out to study the generation and morphological characteristics of the ventilated supercavity which generated by this series of double disc cavitator.The experiment observed the ventilated supercavity morphology under the different cone angles by changing the ventilation flow coefficient.The experimental results show that there are two kinds of cavitation states: the front disc preferential cavitation and the rear disc preferential cavitation. The transition between these two states occur at a cone angle about 55°.The value of the critical ventilation flow coefficient when generating stable ventilation supercavity has a positive correlation with the cone angle.The front disc and the rear disc of the cavitator have mutual inhibitory effect on the production of ventilated supercavities.And the morphological characteristics of ventilated supercavity do not increase with the increasing of ventilation flow coefficient,but there is an upper limit value of ventilation flow coefficient.
Based on the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion,a double disc cavitator for underwater projectiles is proposed in this paper.The high-speed water tunnel experiment is carried out to study the generation and morphological characteristics of the ventilated supercavity which generated by this series of double disc cavitator.The experiment observed the ventilated supercavity morphology under the different cone angles by changing the ventilation flow coefficient.The experimental results show that there are two kinds of cavitation states: the front disc preferential cavitation and the rear disc preferential cavitation. The transition between these two states occur at a cone angle about 55°.The value of the critical ventilation flow coefficient when generating stable ventilation supercavity has a positive correlation with the cone angle.The front disc and the rear disc of the cavitator have mutual inhibitory effect on the production of ventilated supercavities.And the morphological characteristics of ventilated supercavity do not increase with the increasing of ventilation flow coefficient,but there is an upper limit value of ventilation flow coefficient.
引文
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[3]贾力平,于开平,张嘉钟,等.空化器参数对超空泡形成和发展的影响[J].力学学报,2007(3):210-215JIA Liping,YU Kaiping,ZHANG Jiazhong,et al. Influence of Cavitator Parameters on Formation and Development of Supercavity[J]. Chinese Journal of Theortical and Applied Mechanics,2007(3):210-215(in Chinese)
[4]贾力平,张嘉钟,魏英杰,等.空化器参数对通气超空泡生成影响的实验研究[J].船舶力学2007,11(5):171-178JIA Liping,ZHANG Jiazhong,WEI Yingjie,et al. Experimental Investigation of Cavitator Geometrical Parameters Effecting on Development of Ventilated Supercavity[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics,2007,11(5):171-178(in Chinese)
[5]栗夫园,党建军.带翼锥形空化器的流体动力特性分析[J].鱼雷技术,2016,24(3):172-177LI Fuyuan,DANG Jianjun. Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Conical Cavitator with Fins[J]. Torpedo Technology,2016,24(3):172-177(in Chinese)
[6]栗夫园,党建军,张宇文.锥形空化器的流体动力特性及其影响因素[J].上海交通大学学报,2016,50(2):246-250LI Fuyuan,DANG Jianjun,ZHANG Yuwen. Influencing Factors and Characteristics of Hydrodynamic of Conical Cavitator[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2016,50(2):246-250(in Chinese)
[7] MENG Qingchang,ZHANG Zhihong,LIU Jubin. Numerical Calculation of Supercavitating Flows over the Disk Cavitator of a Subsonic Underwater Projectile[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Application,2015,14:283-289
[8]张木,谭俊杰,易文俊,等.空化器参数对超空泡初生位置影响大涡模拟[J].弹道学报,2016,28(1):87-91ZHANG Mu,TAN Junjie,YI Wenjun,et al. Large Eddy Simulation Analysis on Effect of Cavitator Parameter on Supercavity Primary Position[J]. Journal of Ballistics,2016,28(1):87-91(in Chinese)
[9]方城林,魏英杰,王聪,等.不同头型高速射弹垂直入水数值模拟[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(10):77-82FANG Chenglin,WEI Yingjie,WANG Cong,et al. Numerical Simulation of Vertical High-Speed Water Entry Process of Projectiles with Different Heads[J]. Journal of Harbin Insitute of Technology,2016,48(10):77-82(in Chinese)
[10]路丽睿,魏英杰,王聪,等.不同头型射弹低速倾斜入水空泡及弹道特性试验研究[J].兵工学报,2018,39(7):1364-1371LU Lirui,WEI Yingjie,WANG Cong,et al. Experimental Investigation into the Cavity and Ballistic Characteristics of LowSpeed Oblique Water Entry of Revolution Body[J]. Acta Armamentari,2018,39(7):1364-1371(in Chinese)
[11]SAVCHENKO Y N. Control of Supercavitation Flow and Stability of Supercavitating Motion of Bodies[C]∥The RTO/AVT Lectures Series on Supercavitating Flows,Ottawa,Canada,2002
[12]胡晓,郜冶,彭辉,等.可变空化器诱导超空泡形态特征的数值研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2017,32(2):203-212HU Xiao,GAO Ye,PENG Hui,et al. Numerical Research on Shape of Supercavity Induced by the Variable Cavitator[J]. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2017,32(2):203-212(in Chinese)
[13]魏英杰,何乾坤,王聪,等.亚音速超空泡射弹尾拍动力学响应分析[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(18):67-72WEI Yingjie,HE Qiankun,WANG Cong,et al. Impact Dynamic Responses of a Supercavitating Projectile in Subsonic Compressible Fluid Flow[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(18):67-72(in Chinese)
[14]杨武刚,张宇文,邓飞,等.通气流量对超空泡外形特征的影响实验研究[J].西北工业学报,2007,25(3):358-362YANG Wugang,ZHANG Yuwen,DENG Fei,et al. Exploring Experimentally Effect of Gas Entrainment Rate on Geometrical Shape of Supercavity[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2007,25(3):358-362(in Chinese)
[15]SAVCHENKO Y N. Supercavitation Problems and Perspectives[C]∥Fourth International Symposium on Cavitation,California Institute of Technology,2001