科研挑战性压力对学术型硕士研究生学术成就的影响——基于主观评价的调节作用
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摘要
科研压力是学术型硕士研究生不可回避的问题,科研压力对于学术型硕士研究生的学术成就究竟起到阻碍作用还是促进作用值得关注。本文采用"首都高校教学质量与学生发展监测项目"学术型硕士研究生调查数据,探讨科研挑战性压力对硕士研究生学术成就的影响效果,研究发现不同科研挑战性压力下的硕士生学术成就存在显著差异,高挑战性压力水平下的学生学术表现最好;对于科研挑战性压力主观评价积极的学生,在专业素养、论文发表方面均要优于评价消极的学生;主观评价在科研挑战性压力影响学术成就的过程中起到调节作用,主观评价积极者的学术规范一直处于较为稳定的高水平,而消极者的学术规范水平起始较低,之后随着压力的增大而上升;随着挑战性压力的递增,论文发表数量也在上升,但主观评价积极者的论文发表数量始终优于评价消极者;在专业素养方面,对于主观评价积极者而言,挑战性压力对专业素养起到正向促进作用,但对主观评价消极者而言,起到负向抑制作用。在实践教学中院校应当引导学生对科研挑战性压力树立正面评价,激发学生的内在学术志趣和热情。
As the competition in academia is becoming more and more severe,the relationship between academic stress and academic performance has drawn scholars' attention. Based on Cavanaugh's two-dimension stress theory,the current study is trying to explore the influential effects of research pressures on the master students' academic performance based on a questionnaire of 3927 master students. The major findings are summarized as follow : Students with higher research pressures have significantly better academic performance;students with positive appraisal of research pressures have stronger professional abilities and more paper publications; cognitive appraisal plays an important mediation role when research pressures influence academic achievements. According to the above findings, institutions should make efforts to invoke students' inner enthusiasm in research and help them develop a positive view of research and publication.
As the competition in academia is becoming more and more severe,the relationship between academic stress and academic performance has drawn scholars' attention. Based on Cavanaugh's two-dimension stress theory,the current study is trying to explore the influential effects of research pressures on the master students' academic performance based on a questionnaire of 3927 master students. The major findings are summarized as follow : Students with higher research pressures have significantly better academic performance;students with positive appraisal of research pressures have stronger professional abilities and more paper publications; cognitive appraisal plays an important mediation role when research pressures influence academic achievements. According to the above findings, institutions should make efforts to invoke students' inner enthusiasm in research and help them develop a positive view of research and publication.
引文
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[25]宋国学.工作压力源对反生产行为的影响机理:职业生涯韧性以情绪为中介的调节效应[J].商业经济与管理,2016(2):26 35.
[28]Min H N,Kim H J,Soobum L.Extending the Challenge-hindrance Stressor Framework:The Role of Psychological Capital.[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2015,50:105 114.
[30][32]张亚军,肖小虹.挑战性-阻碍性压力对员工创造力的影响研究[J].科研管理,2016,37(6):10 18.
[31]刘得格.挑战性-阻碍性压力源,角色超载和情绪枯竭的关系:心理弹性的调节作用[J].心理与行为研究,2015,35(1):115 124.
[33]李宗波,彭翠.挑战性-阻碍性压力对工作满意度、情绪衰竭的差异性影响---上下属关系的调节作用[J].软科学,2014,28(3):82 86.
[34]张永军.挑战性-阻断性压力对员工创造力的影响:主管支持感的调节效应[J].科技管理研究,2015(10):192 197.
[35]张西超,胡婧,王亮,等.挑战性-阻断性压力源对工作满意度的影响:组织支持感受的作用机制[J].经济科学,2013(5):111 120.
[36]张桂平,廖建桥.挑战性-阻断性压力对员工敬业度的影响机制研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(2):152 159.
[38]张永军,廖建桥,赵君.科研压力对博士生学术不端行为的影响研究[J].科研管理,2013,34(4):99 107.
[39]常亚平,蒋音播.高校学者学术不端行为影响因素的实证研究---基于个人因素的数据分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(6):1238 1242.
[40]Schwarzer R.Measurement of Perceived Self-efficacy:Psychometric Scales for Cross-cultural Researach[M].Pr?sident d.Freien Univ.,1993.
[41]Aiken L S,West S G.Multiple Regression:Testing and Interpreting Interactions.[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,1994,14(1):167 168.
[42]Lazarus R S,Delongis A,Folkman S,et al.Stress and Adaptational Outcomes.The Problem of Confounded Measures.[J].American Psychologist,1985,40(7):770 785.
[43]Boswell W R,Olson-Buchanan J B,Lepine M A.Relations between Stress and Work Outcomes:The Role of Felt Challenge,Job Control,and Psychological Strain[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2004,64(1):165 181.
[2]Nonterah C W,Hahn N C,Utsey S O,et al.Fear of Negative Evaluation as a Mediator of the Relation between Academic Stress,Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of Ghanaian College Students[J].Psychology&Developing Societies,2015,27(1):125 142.
[3]Struthers C W,Perry R P,Menec V H.An Examination of the Relationship among Academic Stress,Coping,Motivation,and Performance in College[J].Research in Higher Education,2000,41(5):581 592.
[4]Lazarus R S.Some Principles of Psychological Stress and Their Relation to Dentistry[J].Journal of Dental Research,1966,45(6):1620.
[5]Selye H.Stress:Eustress,Distress and Human Perspectives[J].Life stress,1982,3.
[6]李梦怡.挑战性压力源、调节聚焦与创造性的关系[D].西南大学,2015.
[7][13]刘得格,时勘,王永丽,等.挑战-阻碍性压力源与工作投入和满意度的关系[J].管理科学,2011,24(2):1 9.
[8]Crane M F,Searle B J.Building Resilience Through Exposure to Stressors:The Effects of Challenges Versus Hindrances.[J].Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2016:468 479.
[9][14]Boswell W R,Olson-Buchanan J B,Lepine M A.Relations between Stress and Work Outcomes:The Role of Felt Challenge,Job Control,and Psychological Strain[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2004,64(1):165 181.
[10][23][26][37]王仙雅,林盛,陈立芸.挑战-阻碍性科研压力源对科研绩效的作用机理---科研焦虑与成就动机的中介作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014(3):23 30.
[11][29]张韫黎,陆昌勤.挑战性-阻断性压力(源)与员工心理和行为的关系:自我效能感的调节作用[J].心理学报,2009,41(6):501 509.
[12]李静,陈结凤,赵惠茹,等.挑战性压力和阻断性压力对医院工作者的影响及干预策略探究[J].中国医药导报,2016,13(22):157 160.
[15]张桂平,廖建桥.挑战性-阻断性压力对员工敬业度的影响机制研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(2):152 159.
[16]陈飞.挑战性-阻碍性压力与离职倾向的关系[D].南京大学,2012.
[17]宋国学.工作压力源对反生产行为的影响机理:职业生涯韧性以情绪为中介的调节效应[J].商业经济与管理,2016(2):26 35.
[18]Cavanaugh M A,Boswell W R,Roehling M V,et al.“Challenge”and“Hindrance”Related Stress Among U.S.Managers[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1998(85):65 74.
[19]鲍威,王嘉颖.象牙塔里的压力---中国高校教师职业压力与学术产出的实证研究[J].北京大学教育评论,2012,10(1):124 138.
[20]Liberman N,Molden D C,Idson L C,et al.Promotion and Prevention Focus on Alternative Hypotheses:Implications for Attributional Functions[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2001,80(1):5.
[21]Pearsall M J,Ellis A P J,Stein J H.Coping with Challenge and Hindrance Stressors in Teams:Behavioral,Cognitive,and Affective Outcomes[J].Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,2009,109(1):18 28.
[22][27]Lepine J A,Podsakoff N P,Lepine M A.A Meta-Analytic Test of the Challenge Stressor-Hindrance Stressor Framework:An Explanation For Inconsistent Relationships Among Stressors And Performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(5):764 775.
[24]张永军,于瑞丽,魏炜.挑战性-阻断性压力与创造力:情绪的中介作用[J].华东经济管理,2016,30(1):156 161.
[25]宋国学.工作压力源对反生产行为的影响机理:职业生涯韧性以情绪为中介的调节效应[J].商业经济与管理,2016(2):26 35.
[28]Min H N,Kim H J,Soobum L.Extending the Challenge-hindrance Stressor Framework:The Role of Psychological Capital.[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2015,50:105 114.
[30][32]张亚军,肖小虹.挑战性-阻碍性压力对员工创造力的影响研究[J].科研管理,2016,37(6):10 18.
[31]刘得格.挑战性-阻碍性压力源,角色超载和情绪枯竭的关系:心理弹性的调节作用[J].心理与行为研究,2015,35(1):115 124.
[33]李宗波,彭翠.挑战性-阻碍性压力对工作满意度、情绪衰竭的差异性影响---上下属关系的调节作用[J].软科学,2014,28(3):82 86.
[34]张永军.挑战性-阻断性压力对员工创造力的影响:主管支持感的调节效应[J].科技管理研究,2015(10):192 197.
[35]张西超,胡婧,王亮,等.挑战性-阻断性压力源对工作满意度的影响:组织支持感受的作用机制[J].经济科学,2013(5):111 120.
[36]张桂平,廖建桥.挑战性-阻断性压力对员工敬业度的影响机制研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(2):152 159.
[38]张永军,廖建桥,赵君.科研压力对博士生学术不端行为的影响研究[J].科研管理,2013,34(4):99 107.
[39]常亚平,蒋音播.高校学者学术不端行为影响因素的实证研究---基于个人因素的数据分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(6):1238 1242.
[40]Schwarzer R.Measurement of Perceived Self-efficacy:Psychometric Scales for Cross-cultural Researach[M].Pr?sident d.Freien Univ.,1993.
[41]Aiken L S,West S G.Multiple Regression:Testing and Interpreting Interactions.[J].Journal of the Operational Research Society,1994,14(1):167 168.
[42]Lazarus R S,Delongis A,Folkman S,et al.Stress and Adaptational Outcomes.The Problem of Confounded Measures.[J].American Psychologist,1985,40(7):770 785.
[43]Boswell W R,Olson-Buchanan J B,Lepine M A.Relations between Stress and Work Outcomes:The Role of Felt Challenge,Job Control,and Psychological Strain[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2004,64(1):165 181.