“依附的美”:审美判断与目的论判断的交汇
|
摘要
康德提出的"依附的美"这一概念,体现着审美判断力批判思想和目的论判断力批判思想的交汇。这一概念的提出,以对象应当是什么的概念以及一种内在的完善性目的为前提。对"依附的美"的鉴赏判断基于概念性和应用性,相应地有所依附并受到限制,体现出目的论合目的性在鉴赏判断中的渗透。"美的理想"在理性的理念方面与道德目的紧密联系,只可寄期望于有着内在合目的性的道德性的人,它是"依附的美"的典型。"依附的美"在关系要素中的作用在于可以协调美和完善性概念,以及完善性与外在合目的性之间的关系。康德在论述过程中的例证与注解说明不够严谨,"依附的美"与"自由美"的界限也不甚明朗,容易令人们产生更多疑惑。
Kant's conception of "merely dependent beauty"reflects the intersection of the critical thinking of the aesthetical judgment and the critique of the teleological judgment.This concept was put forward on the premise of the concept of what the object should be and an intrinsic purpose of perfection.The judgment of taste of the "merely dependent beauty"is based on concept and applicability,and accordingly it is dependent and limited,reflecting the penetration of the teleological purposiveness in judgment of taste.The "ideal of beauty",which is the typical "merely dependent beauty",is closely linked to moral purposes in the idea of reason,and could only expect those who have a moral of internal purposiveness.The role played by "merely dependent beauty"in relation moment rests in the ability to reconcile beauty with the concept of perfection and perfection with the external purposiveness.Kant was not perfectly rigorous in the illustration and annotations,and the boundaries of merely dependent beauty and the free beauty is not clear enough,which would be easily to make people feel more confused.
Kant's conception of "merely dependent beauty"reflects the intersection of the critical thinking of the aesthetical judgment and the critique of the teleological judgment.This concept was put forward on the premise of the concept of what the object should be and an intrinsic purpose of perfection.The judgment of taste of the "merely dependent beauty"is based on concept and applicability,and accordingly it is dependent and limited,reflecting the penetration of the teleological purposiveness in judgment of taste.The "ideal of beauty",which is the typical "merely dependent beauty",is closely linked to moral purposes in the idea of reason,and could only expect those who have a moral of internal purposiveness.The role played by "merely dependent beauty"in relation moment rests in the ability to reconcile beauty with the concept of perfection and perfection with the external purposiveness.Kant was not perfectly rigorous in the illustration and annotations,and the boundaries of merely dependent beauty and the free beauty is not clear enough,which would be easily to make people feel more confused.
引文
[1]Kant,Immanuel.Kant’s Critique of Judgement[M].Trans J H Bernard London:Macmillan and CO,1914.
[2]Kant,Immanuel.Guyer,Paul,ed.Critique of the Power of Judgment[M].Trans Paul Guyer,and Eric Matthews Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[3]蒋峦.康德的徘徊——康德纯粹美与依存美关系微探[J].华中师范大学学报:人文社会科学版,1998(3).
[4]习传进,蒋峦.康德依存美价值新探[J].外国文学研究,1998(3).
[5]康德.判断力批判[M].邓晓芒,译.北京:人民出版社,2002.
[6]周黄正蜜.康德论美与道德的关联[J].世界哲学,2015(5).
[7]康德.纯粹理性批判[M].邓晓芒,译.北京:人民出版社,2004.
[8]劳承万.康德美学论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
[9]邹华.新时期文艺理论对西方现代美学的引进与移植[J].学术月刊,2016(11).
[10]鲍桑葵.美学史[M].张今,译.北京:商务印书馆,1985.
[11]彭立勋.论康德美学的调和特点及其内在矛盾[J].广东社会科学,2013(2).
[12]叶秀山.康德《判断力批判》的主要思想及其历史意义[J].浙江学刊,2003(3).
[13]温纯如.论康德“美的理想”及其意义[J].湘潭大学学报:社会科学版,1994(2).
[14]邓晓芒.康德《判断力批判》释义[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2008.
[15]申扶民.自由的审美之路[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009.
[16]杨道圣.论“美是道德的象征”[J].华东师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2000(1).
[17]康德.康德历史哲学论文集[C].李明辉,译.台北:联经出版事业公司,2002.
[18]周军伟.论康德美学的内在逻辑[J].河南社会科学,2012(10).
(1)J.H.Bernard的英文译本Kant’s Critique of Judgement将这两个词分别译作“free beauty”和“merely dependent beauty”。Paul Guyer的英文译本Critique of the Power of Judgment将它们译作“free beauty”和“merely adherent beauty”。中译本中,对该词的翻译有“依附的美”“依附美”“依存美”等等。本文引用邓晓芒翻译的版本,即“依附的美”。保留“的”字以表明“依附”的形容词词性。
[2]Kant,Immanuel.Guyer,Paul,ed.Critique of the Power of Judgment[M].Trans Paul Guyer,and Eric Matthews Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[3]蒋峦.康德的徘徊——康德纯粹美与依存美关系微探[J].华中师范大学学报:人文社会科学版,1998(3).
[4]习传进,蒋峦.康德依存美价值新探[J].外国文学研究,1998(3).
[5]康德.判断力批判[M].邓晓芒,译.北京:人民出版社,2002.
[6]周黄正蜜.康德论美与道德的关联[J].世界哲学,2015(5).
[7]康德.纯粹理性批判[M].邓晓芒,译.北京:人民出版社,2004.
[8]劳承万.康德美学论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
[9]邹华.新时期文艺理论对西方现代美学的引进与移植[J].学术月刊,2016(11).
[10]鲍桑葵.美学史[M].张今,译.北京:商务印书馆,1985.
[11]彭立勋.论康德美学的调和特点及其内在矛盾[J].广东社会科学,2013(2).
[12]叶秀山.康德《判断力批判》的主要思想及其历史意义[J].浙江学刊,2003(3).
[13]温纯如.论康德“美的理想”及其意义[J].湘潭大学学报:社会科学版,1994(2).
[14]邓晓芒.康德《判断力批判》释义[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2008.
[15]申扶民.自由的审美之路[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009.
[16]杨道圣.论“美是道德的象征”[J].华东师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2000(1).
[17]康德.康德历史哲学论文集[C].李明辉,译.台北:联经出版事业公司,2002.
[18]周军伟.论康德美学的内在逻辑[J].河南社会科学,2012(10).
(1)J.H.Bernard的英文译本Kant’s Critique of Judgement将这两个词分别译作“free beauty”和“merely dependent beauty”。Paul Guyer的英文译本Critique of the Power of Judgment将它们译作“free beauty”和“merely adherent beauty”。中译本中,对该词的翻译有“依附的美”“依附美”“依存美”等等。本文引用邓晓芒翻译的版本,即“依附的美”。保留“的”字以表明“依附”的形容词词性。