高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的形成机理及影响因素探究
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摘要
目的研究高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的形成机理以及轮轨系统结构参数对车轮多边形磨耗的影响。方法基于轮轨间蠕滑力饱和引起轮轨系统摩擦自激振动从而导致车轮多边形磨耗的理论,建立了包含车轮、钢轨、轨枕和道床的实体模型,然后导入到有限元软件ABAQUS中,钢轨和轨枕之间采用点对点的无质量弹簧阻尼单元组进行模拟,轨枕和道床之间采用绑定约束连接,道床底部支撑采用点对地的无质量弹簧阻尼单元组。采用复特征值方法研究高速线路上发生制动滑动时轮轨系统的运动稳定性。结果在饱和蠕滑力的作用下,高速线路轮轨系统产生的不稳定振动频率为f=495.01 Hz,列车轮对容易产生18阶多边形磨耗。在一定范围内,扣件的垂向刚度对抑制车轮多边形磨耗影响较小,适当提高扣件的垂向阻尼,可以有效抑制轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动,从而达到抑制车轮多边形磨耗的目的。不同偏心形式对轮轨系统不稳定振动几乎没有影响。结论在高速线路上,列车制动滑动容易引起车轮多边形磨耗,适当提高钢轨扣件的垂向阻尼,可有效抑制车轮多边形磨耗。
The work aims to study the formation mechanism of the polygonal wear of high-speed train wheels and the effect of wheel-rail system structural parameters on the wheel polygonalization. Based on the theory that wheel-rail system frictional self-excited vibration caused by the saturated wheel-rail creep force could lead to wheel polygonal wear, a solid model including wheel, rail, sleepers and track beds was established. The solid model was imported into the finite element software ABAQUS. The rail and sleepers were simulated by point-to-point massless spring damping unit and the sleeper and the track bed were connected by binding constraint. Then the point-to-ground massless spring damping unit was used as the bottom support of the track bed. The stability of the wheel-rail system when the brake slip occurred on the high-speed railway lines was studied by the complex eigenvalue method. Under the effect of saturated creep force, the unstable vibration frequency of the wheel-rail system was f=495.01 Hz, the wheel was prone to generate 18-degree polygonalization. Within a certain range, the vertical stiffness of the fastener did not play a significant role in suppressing the wheel polygonalization. In order to suppress the wheel polygonalization, properly increasing the vertical damping of the fastener can suppress the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail systemeffectively. Different eccentric forms hardly had effects on the unstable vibration of the wheel-rail system. On a high-speed line, the braking slippage of the train can easily cause the wheel polygonalization. The wheel polygonalization can be effectively restrained by raising the vertical damping of the fastener.
The work aims to study the formation mechanism of the polygonal wear of high-speed train wheels and the effect of wheel-rail system structural parameters on the wheel polygonalization. Based on the theory that wheel-rail system frictional self-excited vibration caused by the saturated wheel-rail creep force could lead to wheel polygonal wear, a solid model including wheel, rail, sleepers and track beds was established. The solid model was imported into the finite element software ABAQUS. The rail and sleepers were simulated by point-to-point massless spring damping unit and the sleeper and the track bed were connected by binding constraint. Then the point-to-ground massless spring damping unit was used as the bottom support of the track bed. The stability of the wheel-rail system when the brake slip occurred on the high-speed railway lines was studied by the complex eigenvalue method. Under the effect of saturated creep force, the unstable vibration frequency of the wheel-rail system was f=495.01 Hz, the wheel was prone to generate 18-degree polygonalization. Within a certain range, the vertical stiffness of the fastener did not play a significant role in suppressing the wheel polygonalization. In order to suppress the wheel polygonalization, properly increasing the vertical damping of the fastener can suppress the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail systemeffectively. Different eccentric forms hardly had effects on the unstable vibration of the wheel-rail system. On a high-speed line, the braking slippage of the train can easily cause the wheel polygonalization. The wheel polygonalization can be effectively restrained by raising the vertical damping of the fastener.
引文
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[2]JOHANSSON A.Out-of-round railway wheels-assessment of wheel tread irregularities in train traffic[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2006,293(3-5):795-806.
[3]JOHANSSON A,ANDERSSON C.Out-of-round railway wheels-a study of wheel polygonalization through simulation of three-dimensional wheel-rail interaction and wear[J].Vehicle system dynamics,2005,43(8):539-559.
[4]MEINDERS T,MEINKE P.Rotor dynamics and irregular wear of elastic wheelsets[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2003:133-152.
[5]DEKKER H.Vibrational resonances of non-rigid vehicles:polygonization and ripple patterns[J].Applied mathematical modelling,2009,33:1349-1355.
[6]BROMMUNDT E.A Simple mechanism for the polygonalization of railway wheels by wear[J].Mechanics research communication,1997,24(4):435-442.
[7]MEINKE P,MEINKE S.Plolygonalization of wheel treads caused by static and dynamic imbalances[J].Journal of sound and vibration,1999,227(5):979-986.
[8]MEYWERK M.Polygonalization of railway wheels[J].Archive of applied mechanics,1999,69(2):105-120.
[9]JIN X,WU L,FANG J,et al.An investigation into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of metrotrain wheels and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of a wheel/rail system[J].Vehicle system dynamics,2012,50(12):1817-1834.
[10]李贵宇.基于轨道振动的车轮多边形机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.LI Gui-yu.Wheel polygonal mechanism based on orbit vibration[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[11]刘佳.高速车轮非圆化磨耗发生机理及转向架高频减振设计[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.LIU Jia.Mechanism of non-rounded wear of high-speed wheels and design of high-frequency damping of bogies[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[12]SUN Y Q,SIMSON S.Wagon-track modelling and parametric study on rail corrugation initiation due to wheel stick-slip process on curved track[J].Wear,2008,265:1193-1201.
[13]MA Wei-hua,SONG Rong-rong,LUO Shi-hui.Study on the mechanism of the formation of polygon-shaped wheels on subway vehicles[J].Journal of rail and rapid transit,2016,230(1):129-137.
[14]陈光雄,钱韦吉,莫继良,等.轮轨摩擦自激振动引起小半径曲线钢轨波磨的瞬态动力学[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(9):71-76.CHEN G X,QIAN W J,MO J L,et al.A transient dynamics study on wear-type rail corrugation on a tight curve due to the friction-induced self-excited vibration of a wheelset-track system[J].Journal of mechanical engineering,2014,50(9):71-76.
[15]崔晓璐,陈光雄,杨宏光.轮对结构和扣件刚度对钢轨波磨的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,52(1):112-117.CUIX L,CHEN G X,YANG H G.Influence of wheel set structure and fastener stiffness on rail corrugation[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2017,52(1):112-117.
[16]陈光雄,金学松,邬平波,等.车轮多边形磨耗机理的有限元研究[J].铁道学报,2011,33(1):14-18.CHEN Guang-xiong,JIN Xue-song,WU Ping-bo,et al.Finite element study on wear mechanism of wheel polygons[J].Journal of the China railway society,2011,33(1):14-18.
[17]陈光雄,崔晓璐,王科,等.高速列车车轮踏面非圆磨耗机理[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(2):244-250.CHEN Guang-xiong,CUI Xiao-yu,WANG Ke,et al.Noncircular wear mechanism of high-speed train wheels[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(2):244-250.
[18]YUAN Y.An eigenvalue analysis approach to brake squeal problem[C]//Proceedings of the 29th ISATA conference.Florence:Automotive braking systems,1996:3-6.