农村土地承包关系长久不变的内涵、隐忧及化解
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摘要
土地承包关系长久不变除了承包关系主体和承包关系客体长久固化外,还应包括坚持农村集体土地所有制长久不变、实行农村土地三权分置并行的产权结构长久不变和以家庭经营为主、其他经营方式为辅的农地经营方式的长久不变。四个"长久不变"相互依存、相互促进,从而构成一个完整的农村土地制度;保持土地承包关系长久不变可能导致集体土地所有权的进一步虚置、集体成员间的不公平性更加突出、土地细碎化程度难以得到有效改善及不断提高农地质量的目的能否实现等问题。化解上述隐忧的途径是允许不同地区在坚持农村土地集体所有制和不断探索农村土地三权分置实现形式的前提下,可根据当地实际和广大农民的意愿灵活实施土地承包关系长久不变政策。当前我国农村土地制度改革的重点是落实集体土地所有权权益,特别是落实集体土地所有权的收益权能和处分权能。
Rural land contract relation permanency,in addition to the main body and object of contracting relationship are permanent immobilization,should also include rural land ownership system permanency,the property rights structure of division of three rights parallel permanency and the farmland management of mainly to the family business,supplemented by other modes of operation permanency.Four kinds of"permanency"are of interdependence and mutual promotion each other,which constitute a complete system of rural land;Maintaining the land contractual relationship permanency may lead to further duplication of collective land ownership,more prominent unfairness among group members,which is not good for reducing land fragmentation or stabilizing and continuously improving the quality of agricultural land.The ways to resolve the above potential concerns is to allow different regions to flexibly implement the policy of rural land contract relation based on local conditions and the willingness of the broad masses of farmers,under the premise of adhering to the collective ownership of rural land and continuously exploring the form of realization on division of three rights of rural land.At present,the focus of China'rural land system reform is to implement the rights and interests of collective land ownership,especially the implementation of collective land ownership rights of income and disposal of power.
Rural land contract relation permanency,in addition to the main body and object of contracting relationship are permanent immobilization,should also include rural land ownership system permanency,the property rights structure of division of three rights parallel permanency and the farmland management of mainly to the family business,supplemented by other modes of operation permanency.Four kinds of"permanency"are of interdependence and mutual promotion each other,which constitute a complete system of rural land;Maintaining the land contractual relationship permanency may lead to further duplication of collective land ownership,more prominent unfairness among group members,which is not good for reducing land fragmentation or stabilizing and continuously improving the quality of agricultural land.The ways to resolve the above potential concerns is to allow different regions to flexibly implement the policy of rural land contract relation based on local conditions and the willingness of the broad masses of farmers,under the premise of adhering to the collective ownership of rural land and continuously exploring the form of realization on division of three rights of rural land.At present,the focus of China'rural land system reform is to implement the rights and interests of collective land ownership,especially the implementation of collective land ownership rights of income and disposal of power.
引文
[1]刘守英.直面中国土地问题[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2014:6.
[2]刘福海,朱启臻.长包制:土地承包关系长久不变的实现形式[N].北京日报,2009-06-29(18).
[3]高圣平,严之.从“长期稳定”到“长久不变”:土地承包经营权性质的再认识[J].云南大学学报(法学版),2009(4):34-39.
[4]邵夏珍.“增人不增地、减人不减地”与“长久不变”[N].光明日报,2015-12-16(13).
[5]胡昕宇,韩伟.关于农村土地承包关系“长久不变”的若干思考[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010(2):101-105.
[6]杨久栋,苏强.中国农地产权长久不变的法律创新及其实现[J].农业经济问题,2015(4):27-31.
[7]韩长赋.土地“三权分置”是中国农村改革的又一次重大创新[J].休闲农业与美丽乡村,2016(3):4-7.
[8]胡风.三权分置背景下土地承包经营权的分离与重构[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3):9-15.
[9]陈锡文.赋予农民更充分土地承包权[EB/OL].[2012-05-06].http://money.163.com/12/0506/02/80PN1ABG00253B0H.html#from=relevant.
[10]贺雪峰.湄潭试验的教训[EB/OL].[2012-05-08].http://hexfvip.blog.sohu.com/321833400.html.
[11]陈小君.农村土地法律制度研究——田野调查解读[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004:15.
[12]冯华超,卢阳,钟涨宝.土地调整的合理性与必要性——兼论土地制度改革的方向[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):13-20.
[13]许经勇.我国农村土地关系的深刻变革[J].财经研究,2000(1):56-59.
(1)土地承包关系长久不变只是代表土地承包权长久不变,并不代表三权分置下的土地经营权的长久不变。因为根据现行的政策规定,土地经营权期限的长短由土地承包权人和土地经营权人双方协商决定,但考虑到农业的弱质性和非农产业的不稳定性,土地经营权期限一般较短且不固定。
[2]刘福海,朱启臻.长包制:土地承包关系长久不变的实现形式[N].北京日报,2009-06-29(18).
[3]高圣平,严之.从“长期稳定”到“长久不变”:土地承包经营权性质的再认识[J].云南大学学报(法学版),2009(4):34-39.
[4]邵夏珍.“增人不增地、减人不减地”与“长久不变”[N].光明日报,2015-12-16(13).
[5]胡昕宇,韩伟.关于农村土地承包关系“长久不变”的若干思考[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010(2):101-105.
[6]杨久栋,苏强.中国农地产权长久不变的法律创新及其实现[J].农业经济问题,2015(4):27-31.
[7]韩长赋.土地“三权分置”是中国农村改革的又一次重大创新[J].休闲农业与美丽乡村,2016(3):4-7.
[8]胡风.三权分置背景下土地承包经营权的分离与重构[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3):9-15.
[9]陈锡文.赋予农民更充分土地承包权[EB/OL].[2012-05-06].http://money.163.com/12/0506/02/80PN1ABG00253B0H.html#from=relevant.
[10]贺雪峰.湄潭试验的教训[EB/OL].[2012-05-08].http://hexfvip.blog.sohu.com/321833400.html.
[11]陈小君.农村土地法律制度研究——田野调查解读[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004:15.
[12]冯华超,卢阳,钟涨宝.土地调整的合理性与必要性——兼论土地制度改革的方向[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):13-20.
[13]许经勇.我国农村土地关系的深刻变革[J].财经研究,2000(1):56-59.
(1)土地承包关系长久不变只是代表土地承包权长久不变,并不代表三权分置下的土地经营权的长久不变。因为根据现行的政策规定,土地经营权期限的长短由土地承包权人和土地经营权人双方协商决定,但考虑到农业的弱质性和非农产业的不稳定性,土地经营权期限一般较短且不固定。