阿尔金断裂中段新生代隆升过程研究进展
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摘要
阿尔金断裂以其典型的左行走滑形迹令世人瞩目,其活动过程分析对青藏高原隆升机制研究具有重要意义.通过总结、归纳前人在该区的热年代学研究成果,并结合柴达木盆地构造、沉积特征,对阿尔金断裂中段的隆升过程作了系统的探讨.阿尔金断裂在中生代就曾活动过,随后进入较长的休眠期,在新生代期间随着印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞,阿尔金断裂活化并相继发生了六次阶段性隆升,分别为:53-50 Ma、45-40 Ma、34-30 Ma、20-15 Ma、12-8 Ma、5 Ma至今.这与柴达木盆地内沉积事件具有良好的对应关系,具体表现为岩性变粗、沉积速率加快、地层呈角度不整合接触以及同构造生长地层的发育.其新生代的活动可划分为两个阶段,早期构造变形表现为基底韧性剪切,导致柴西北缘基底发生倾斜,形成了阿尔金斜坡;晚期由于应力的不断积累使得该地区应力场发生了变化,表现为大规模地表走滑.
As a huge left-lateral sliping site,the Altyn Tagh Fault has attracted a lot of attention over the world. Its activity is the key to study the growth mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. By reviewing previous thermochronological work and the sedimentary and structural responses in the northwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin,we try to summarize the uplift history of the Altyn Tagh and the coupling effect between basin and range. The Altyn Tagh Fault had activity in the Mesozoic,and then step into a long hiatus before the collision of the India Plate and Eurasian Plate in the Cenozoic,during which the Altyn Tagh Fault was reactivated and experienced stepwise tectonic uplift. Six prominent uplifting events have been recognized as followings: 53-50 Ma,45-40 Ma,34-30 Ma,20-15 Ma,12-8 Ma, < 5 Ma. The uplifting have good corresponding with the Qaidam Basin sedimentary events,it characterized by dilatation of the lithology,sedimentary speed accelerate,formation in angular unconformity contact and syntectonic growth strata of development. The Cenozoic activity patterns can be divided into two stages,and the early tectonic deformation is the ductile shearing in basement,which leads to the tilt of the basement of the northern Qaidam Basin and the formation of the Altyn slope. Due to the continuous accumulation of stress in the late stage,the stress field in the area has changed,which is characterized by large-scale strike-slip movement on surface.
As a huge left-lateral sliping site,the Altyn Tagh Fault has attracted a lot of attention over the world. Its activity is the key to study the growth mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. By reviewing previous thermochronological work and the sedimentary and structural responses in the northwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin,we try to summarize the uplift history of the Altyn Tagh and the coupling effect between basin and range. The Altyn Tagh Fault had activity in the Mesozoic,and then step into a long hiatus before the collision of the India Plate and Eurasian Plate in the Cenozoic,during which the Altyn Tagh Fault was reactivated and experienced stepwise tectonic uplift. Six prominent uplifting events have been recognized as followings: 53-50 Ma,45-40 Ma,34-30 Ma,20-15 Ma,12-8 Ma, < 5 Ma. The uplifting have good corresponding with the Qaidam Basin sedimentary events,it characterized by dilatation of the lithology,sedimentary speed accelerate,formation in angular unconformity contact and syntectonic growth strata of development. The Cenozoic activity patterns can be divided into two stages,and the early tectonic deformation is the ductile shearing in basement,which leads to the tilt of the basement of the northern Qaidam Basin and the formation of the Altyn slope. Due to the continuous accumulation of stress in the late stage,the stress field in the area has changed,which is characterized by large-scale strike-slip movement on surface.
引文
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[5]YIN A,RUMELHART P E,BUTLERR,et al.Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2002,114(10):1257-1295.
[6]吴磊,肖安成,汪立群,等.阿尔金断裂中段南侧东西向隆起的形成及对阿尔金山新生代隆升机制的启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012(12):1863-1876.
[7]肖安成,吴磊,李洪革,等.阿尔金断裂新生代活动方式及其与柴达木盆地的耦合分析[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2826-2836.
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[9]RITTS B D,BIFFI U.Magnitude of post-Middle Jurassic(Bajocian)displacement on the central Altyn Tagh fault system,northwest China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2000,112(1):61-74.
[10]李海兵,许志琴,杨经绥,等.阿尔金断裂带最大累积走滑位移量——900km?[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1288-1298.
[11]孙国强,郑建京,苏龙,等.柴达木盆地西北区中一新生代构造演化过程研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):212-217.
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[13]毛黎光,肖安成,王亮,等.柴达木盆地西北缘始新世晚期古隆起与阿尔金断裂的形成[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2876-2882.
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[15]李海兵,杨经绥,许志琴,等.阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):59-79.
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[17]周晓龙,李建星,岳乐平,等.柴西新生代沉积环境演变及其对阿尔金山隆起过程的启示[J].地质科技情报,2013(4):97-101.
[18]任收麦,葛肖虹,刘永江,等.晚白垩世以来沿阿尔金断裂带的阶段性走滑隆升[J].地质通报,2004,23(z2):926-932.
[19]陈正乐,王小凤,冯夏红,等.青藏高原北缘山脉隆升时限的同位素证据[J].吉林大学学报(地),2003,33(3):270-275.
[20]陈正乐,刘健,孙知明,等.阿尔金山脉新生代剥露历史——前陆盆地沉积记录[J].地质通报,2005,24(4):302-308.
[21]CHANG H,LI L,QIANG X,et al.Magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic deposits in the western Qaidam Basin and its implication for the surface uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,430:271-283.
[22]JI J,ZHANG K,CLIFT P D,et al.High-resolution magnetostratigraphic study of the Paleogene-Neogene strata in the Northern Qaidam Basin:Implications for the growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Gondwana Research,2017,46:141-155.
[23]JOLIVET M,BRUNEL M,SEWARD D,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau:fission-track constraints[J].Tectonophysics,2001,343(1-2):111-134.
[24]万景林,王瑜,李齐,等.阿尔金山北段晚新生代山体抬升的裂变径迹证据[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001,20(4):222-224.
[25]陈正乐,张岳桥,王小凤,等.新生代阿尔金山脉隆升历史的裂变径迹证据[J].地球学报,2001,22(5):413-418.
[26]陈正乐,万景林,王小凤,等.阿尔金断裂带8 Ma左右的快速走滑及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):295-300.
[27]RITTS B D,YUE Y,GRAHAM S A,et al.From sea level to high elevation in 15 million years:Uplift history of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin in the Altun Shan[J].American Journal of Science,2008,308(5):657-678.
[28]孙岳,陈正乐,陈柏林,等.阿尔金北缘EW向山脉新生代隆升剥露的裂变径迹证据[J].地球学报,2014,35(1):67-75.
[29]张志诚,郭召杰,李建锋,等.阿尔金断裂带中段中新生代隆升历史分析:裂变径迹年龄制约木[J].第四纪研究,2012,32(3):499-509.
[30]SOBEL E R,ARNAUD N,JOLIVET M,et al.Jurassic to Cenozoic exhumation history of the Altyn Tagh range,northwest China,consained by 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track thermochronology[J].Geological Society of America Memoirs,2001,194:247-267.
[31]王瑜,万景林,李齐,等.阿尔金山北段阿克塞—当金山口一带新生代山体抬升和剥蚀的裂变径迹证据[J].地质学报,2002,76(2):191-198.
[32]WANG E,XU F Y,ZHOU J X,et al.Eastward migration of the qaidam basin and its implications for cenozoic evolution of the altun tagh fault and associated river systems[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2006,118(3):349-365.
[33]王国灿,曹凯,张克信,等.青藏高原新生代构造隆升阶段的时空格局[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011(3):332-349.
[34]张克信,王国灿,洪汉烈,等.青藏高原新生代隆升研究现状[J].地质通报,2013,32(1):1-18.
[35]陈国俊,杜贵超,吕成福,等.柴达木盆地西北地区古近纪沉积充填过程与主控因素分析[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):866-875.
[36]王亮,肖安成,巩庆霖,等.柴达木盆地西部中新统内部的角度不整合及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010(11):1582-1590.
[37]王亚东,刘永江,常丽华,等.沉积物粒度分析在阿尔金山隆升研究中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地),2005,35(2):155-162.
[38]刘永江,Franz Neubauer,葛肖虹,等.阿尔金断裂带年代学和阿尔金山隆升[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):134-146.
[39]刘欢,刘永江,袁四化,等.柴达木盆地西北部红三旱地区始新世-渐新世砂岩物源分析[J].地质通报,2007,26(1):100-107.
[40]吴磊,巩庆霖,覃素华.阿尔金断裂新生代大规模走滑起始时间的厘定[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2837-2850.
[41]潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明,等.阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应[J].岩石学报,2015,31(12):003701-3712.
[42]刘志宏,王芃,沙茜,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡带构造特征与阿尔金断裂形成时间讨论——以月牙山地区为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(9):1275-1282.
[2]ZHAO J,MOONEY W D,ZHANG X,et al.Crustalstructure across the Altyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2006,241(3-4):804-814.
[3]XIAO Q,ZHAO G,DONG Z.Electrical resistivity structure at the northern margin ofthe Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2011,116(B12):B12401.
[4]YUE Y,LIOU J G.Two-stage evolution model for the Altyn Tagh fault,China[J].Geology,1999,27(3):227-230.
[5]YIN A,RUMELHART P E,BUTLERR,et al.Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2002,114(10):1257-1295.
[6]吴磊,肖安成,汪立群,等.阿尔金断裂中段南侧东西向隆起的形成及对阿尔金山新生代隆升机制的启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012(12):1863-1876.
[7]肖安成,吴磊,李洪革,等.阿尔金断裂新生代活动方式及其与柴达木盆地的耦合分析[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2826-2836.
[8]刘永江,葛肖虹,叶慧文,等.晚中生代以来阿尔金断裂的走滑模式[J].地球学报,2001,22(1):23-28.
[9]RITTS B D,BIFFI U.Magnitude of post-Middle Jurassic(Bajocian)displacement on the central Altyn Tagh fault system,northwest China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2000,112(1):61-74.
[10]李海兵,许志琴,杨经绥,等.阿尔金断裂带最大累积走滑位移量——900km?[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1288-1298.
[11]孙国强,郑建京,苏龙,等.柴达木盆地西北区中一新生代构造演化过程研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):212-217.
[12]徐波,肖安成,吴磊,等.阿尔金断裂新生代构造活动的两阶段性——来自地震属性分析的证据[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2859-2866.
[13]毛黎光,肖安成,王亮,等.柴达木盆地西北缘始新世晚期古隆起与阿尔金断裂的形成[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2876-2882.
[14]ZHAO H,WEI Y,SHEN Y,et al.Cenozoic tilting history of the south slope of the Altyn Tagh as revealed by seismic profiling:Implications for the kinematics of the Altyn Tagh fault bounding the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geosphere,2016,12(3):884-899.
[15]李海兵,杨经绥,许志琴,等.阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):59-79.
[16]陈正乐,宫红良,李丽,等.阿尔金山脉新生代隆升-剥露过程[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):91-102.
[17]周晓龙,李建星,岳乐平,等.柴西新生代沉积环境演变及其对阿尔金山隆起过程的启示[J].地质科技情报,2013(4):97-101.
[18]任收麦,葛肖虹,刘永江,等.晚白垩世以来沿阿尔金断裂带的阶段性走滑隆升[J].地质通报,2004,23(z2):926-932.
[19]陈正乐,王小凤,冯夏红,等.青藏高原北缘山脉隆升时限的同位素证据[J].吉林大学学报(地),2003,33(3):270-275.
[20]陈正乐,刘健,孙知明,等.阿尔金山脉新生代剥露历史——前陆盆地沉积记录[J].地质通报,2005,24(4):302-308.
[21]CHANG H,LI L,QIANG X,et al.Magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic deposits in the western Qaidam Basin and its implication for the surface uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,430:271-283.
[22]JI J,ZHANG K,CLIFT P D,et al.High-resolution magnetostratigraphic study of the Paleogene-Neogene strata in the Northern Qaidam Basin:Implications for the growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Gondwana Research,2017,46:141-155.
[23]JOLIVET M,BRUNEL M,SEWARD D,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau:fission-track constraints[J].Tectonophysics,2001,343(1-2):111-134.
[24]万景林,王瑜,李齐,等.阿尔金山北段晚新生代山体抬升的裂变径迹证据[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2001,20(4):222-224.
[25]陈正乐,张岳桥,王小凤,等.新生代阿尔金山脉隆升历史的裂变径迹证据[J].地球学报,2001,22(5):413-418.
[26]陈正乐,万景林,王小凤,等.阿尔金断裂带8 Ma左右的快速走滑及其地质意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):295-300.
[27]RITTS B D,YUE Y,GRAHAM S A,et al.From sea level to high elevation in 15 million years:Uplift history of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin in the Altun Shan[J].American Journal of Science,2008,308(5):657-678.
[28]孙岳,陈正乐,陈柏林,等.阿尔金北缘EW向山脉新生代隆升剥露的裂变径迹证据[J].地球学报,2014,35(1):67-75.
[29]张志诚,郭召杰,李建锋,等.阿尔金断裂带中段中新生代隆升历史分析:裂变径迹年龄制约木[J].第四纪研究,2012,32(3):499-509.
[30]SOBEL E R,ARNAUD N,JOLIVET M,et al.Jurassic to Cenozoic exhumation history of the Altyn Tagh range,northwest China,consained by 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track thermochronology[J].Geological Society of America Memoirs,2001,194:247-267.
[31]王瑜,万景林,李齐,等.阿尔金山北段阿克塞—当金山口一带新生代山体抬升和剥蚀的裂变径迹证据[J].地质学报,2002,76(2):191-198.
[32]WANG E,XU F Y,ZHOU J X,et al.Eastward migration of the qaidam basin and its implications for cenozoic evolution of the altun tagh fault and associated river systems[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2006,118(3):349-365.
[33]王国灿,曹凯,张克信,等.青藏高原新生代构造隆升阶段的时空格局[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011(3):332-349.
[34]张克信,王国灿,洪汉烈,等.青藏高原新生代隆升研究现状[J].地质通报,2013,32(1):1-18.
[35]陈国俊,杜贵超,吕成福,等.柴达木盆地西北地区古近纪沉积充填过程与主控因素分析[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):866-875.
[36]王亮,肖安成,巩庆霖,等.柴达木盆地西部中新统内部的角度不整合及其大地构造意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010(11):1582-1590.
[37]王亚东,刘永江,常丽华,等.沉积物粒度分析在阿尔金山隆升研究中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地),2005,35(2):155-162.
[38]刘永江,Franz Neubauer,葛肖虹,等.阿尔金断裂带年代学和阿尔金山隆升[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):134-146.
[39]刘欢,刘永江,袁四化,等.柴达木盆地西北部红三旱地区始新世-渐新世砂岩物源分析[J].地质通报,2007,26(1):100-107.
[40]吴磊,巩庆霖,覃素华.阿尔金断裂新生代大规模走滑起始时间的厘定[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2837-2850.
[41]潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明,等.阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应[J].岩石学报,2015,31(12):003701-3712.
[42]刘志宏,王芃,沙茜,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡带构造特征与阿尔金断裂形成时间讨论——以月牙山地区为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(9):1275-1282.