不同土地利用方式对农田黑土剖面磷形态分布的影响
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摘要
不同土地利用方式影响土壤磷形态分布,从而决定土壤潜在供磷能力。本文对4种土地利用方式下(裸地、自然草地、苜蓿地、农田)的黑土土壤剖面磷素分布进行测定分析,结果表明,不同利用方式持续12 a对黑土剖面磷形态分布影响较大,黑土中有机磷含量随土层深度增加而降低,而无机磷、有效磷含量及磷素活化系数随土层深度增加而呈增加趋势,在同一土层磷素活化系数表现为自然草地>裸地>苜蓿地>农田。农田不施肥处理经过12 a玉米种植后,土壤中全磷、有效磷含量均低于其他利用方式,玉米植株主要吸收土壤中无机磷,与裸地相比,农田土壤Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P、Ca_(10)-P含量依次降低了29.4%～75.3%、45.7%～59.5%、72.1%～83.3%、13.3%～36.1%、7.0%～33.2%、19.3%～41.6%。自然草地和苜蓿地比裸地无机磷含量分别降低11.5%～28.5%、2.2%～31.0%;与裸地相比,农田、自然草地和苜蓿地有机磷所占比例分别增加7.0～16.4、1.5～9.0、0.8～13.9个百分点。总之,不施肥农田作物吸收消耗了土壤中无机磷,使有机磷所占比例有所增加;自然草地和苜蓿地可使土壤中无机磷向有机磷转化,使有机磷比例有所增加。
Different land uses influence soil phosphorous(P) forms in soil profiles that determines soil P supply capacity. The distribution of soil P forms in different land uses including bare land, natural land, alfalfa land, farmland were studied based on a twelve-year field experiment located in National Observation Station of Hailun Agroecology System. Different land uses had influences to some extent on the distribution of soil P forms in black soil profiles. It showed that soil organic P content decreased as soil depth increased, and the content of inorganic P and available P and P activation coefficient(PAC) increased with increasing soil depth. Soil PAC in a given soil layer showed a decreasing trend in the order of natural land > bare land > alfalfa land > farmland. Soil total P and available P contents in farmland were lower than those in other treatments due to that the maize mainly absorbed inorganic P. Compared with bare land, the contents of Ca_2-P,Ca_8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P and Ca_(10)-P in farmland were decreased by 29.4%～75.3%,45.7%～59.5%,72.1%～83.3%,13.3%～36.1%、7.0%～33.2% and 19.3%～41.6%, respectively.The contents of inorganic P in natural land and alfalfa land were decreased by 11.5%～28.5% and 2.2%～31.0%, respectively. Compared the proportion of the organic P of bare land, the farmland, natural land and alfalfa land increased by a percentage of 7.0～16.4, 1.5～9.0, 0.8～13.9, respectively. Therefore, crop in farmland absorbed more inorganic P, which resulted in the percentage increase of organic P.However, natural land and alfalfa land enhanced the conversion from inorganic P to organic P, which also resulted in the percentage increase in organic P.
Different land uses influence soil phosphorous(P) forms in soil profiles that determines soil P supply capacity. The distribution of soil P forms in different land uses including bare land, natural land, alfalfa land, farmland were studied based on a twelve-year field experiment located in National Observation Station of Hailun Agroecology System. Different land uses had influences to some extent on the distribution of soil P forms in black soil profiles. It showed that soil organic P content decreased as soil depth increased, and the content of inorganic P and available P and P activation coefficient(PAC) increased with increasing soil depth. Soil PAC in a given soil layer showed a decreasing trend in the order of natural land > bare land > alfalfa land > farmland. Soil total P and available P contents in farmland were lower than those in other treatments due to that the maize mainly absorbed inorganic P. Compared with bare land, the contents of Ca_2-P,Ca_8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P and Ca_(10)-P in farmland were decreased by 29.4%～75.3%,45.7%～59.5%,72.1%～83.3%,13.3%～36.1%、7.0%～33.2% and 19.3%～41.6%, respectively.The contents of inorganic P in natural land and alfalfa land were decreased by 11.5%～28.5% and 2.2%～31.0%, respectively. Compared the proportion of the organic P of bare land, the farmland, natural land and alfalfa land increased by a percentage of 7.0～16.4, 1.5～9.0, 0.8～13.9, respectively. Therefore, crop in farmland absorbed more inorganic P, which resulted in the percentage increase of organic P.However, natural land and alfalfa land enhanced the conversion from inorganic P to organic P, which also resulted in the percentage increase in organic P.
引文
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[14] 黄欣欣,廖文华,刘建玲,等.长期秸秆还田对潮土土壤各形态磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):779-789.
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[16] 杨艳菊,王改兰,张海鹏,等.长期施用不同肥料对栗褐土有机磷组分的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(3):426-429.
[17] Ostrofsky M L,Stolarski A G,Dagen K A.Export of total particulate and apatite phosphorus from forested and agricultural watersheds[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2018,47(1):106-112.
[18] Kitayama K,Majalap-Lee N,Aiba S.Soil phosphorus fractionation and phosphorus-use efficiencies of tropical rainforests along altitudinal gradients of Mount Kinabalu,Borneo[J].Oecologia,2000,123(3):342-349.
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[20] 秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤磷形态的变化[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2777-2782.
[21] 宋春,韩晓增.不同土地利用下黑土磷素肥力特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2007,38(5):928-933.
[22] Almeida D S,Penn C J,Rosolem C A.Assessment of phosphorus availability in soil cultivated with ruzigrass[J].Geoderma,2018,312:64-73.
[2] 汪洪,宋书会,张金尧,等.土壤磷形态组分分级及31P-NMR技术应用研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):512-523.
[3] 张广娜,陈振华,陈利军,等.东北地区三种典型土壤磷组分的31P核磁共振研究及其土壤磷酸酶活性的关系[J].土壤通报,2013,44(3):617-623.
[4] Frossard E,Condron L M,Oberson,et al.Processes governing phosphorus availability in temperate soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29(1):15-23.
[5] Soon Y K,Arshad M A.Comparison of the decomposition and N and P mineralization of canola,pea and wheat residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,36(1):10-17.
[6] Chen C,Condron L,Davis M,et al.Seasonal changes in soil phosphorus and associated microbial properties under adjacent grassland and forest in New Zealand[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,177(1-3):539-557.
[7] 赵少华,宇万太,张璐,等.土壤有机磷研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2189-2194.
[8] Braimoh A K,Vlek P L G.The impact of land-cover change on soil properties in Northern Ghana[J].Land Degradation and Development,2004,15(1):65-74.
[9] 陆欣春,邹文秀,韩晓增,等.长期施肥对黑土磷和锌形态转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1537-1543.
[10] 何万云.黑龙江土壤[M].北京:农业出版社,1992.
[11] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[12] 李想,刘艳霞,刘益仁,等.无机有机肥磷配施对作物产量及土壤磷形态的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):641-647.
[13] 安志装,介晓磊,李有田,等.不同水分和添加物料对石灰性土壤无机磷形态转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(1):58-64.
[14] 黄欣欣,廖文华,刘建玲,等.长期秸秆还田对潮土土壤各形态磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):779-789.
[15] 邢璐,王火焰,陈玉东,等.施加粪肥对潮土有机磷形态转化的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(5):845-849.
[16] 杨艳菊,王改兰,张海鹏,等.长期施用不同肥料对栗褐土有机磷组分的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(3):426-429.
[17] Ostrofsky M L,Stolarski A G,Dagen K A.Export of total particulate and apatite phosphorus from forested and agricultural watersheds[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2018,47(1):106-112.
[18] Kitayama K,Majalap-Lee N,Aiba S.Soil phosphorus fractionation and phosphorus-use efficiencies of tropical rainforests along altitudinal gradients of Mount Kinabalu,Borneo[J].Oecologia,2000,123(3):342-349.
[19] 贺敬滢.土地利用与景观部位对土壤磷分布的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[20] 秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤磷形态的变化[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2777-2782.
[21] 宋春,韩晓增.不同土地利用下黑土磷素肥力特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2007,38(5):928-933.
[22] Almeida D S,Penn C J,Rosolem C A.Assessment of phosphorus availability in soil cultivated with ruzigrass[J].Geoderma,2018,312:64-73.