EVA/油田污泥/氮-磷阻燃剂复合材料的阻燃性能研究
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摘要
以富含CaCO_3的油田污泥(OS)为原料,采用熔融共混的方法制备了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/OS/氮-磷阻燃剂(N-P)复合材料,并通过锥形量热仪测试(CCT)、极限氧指数(LOI)测试、烟密度测试(SDT)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析、热重分析(TGA)等手段研究了该复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热降解性能。结果表明:当OS和N-P的添加量分别为45%和5%时,EVA/OS/N-P复合材料具有最低的热释放速率峰值,并且可形成比EVA/OS复合材料更加致密的炭层。适量N-P的添加可提高EVA/OS复合材料的LOI和抑烟性能,EVA/OS/N-P复合材料的LOI最高可达25.3%。此外,EVA/OS复合材料较之EVA/OS/N-P复合材料具有更高的热稳定性。
Using CaCO_3 containing oil sludge(OS) as the filler, Ethylene-vinyl acetate/OS/nitrogenphosphorus flame retardant(EVA/OS/N-P) composites were prepared by melt blending method. Flame retardant, smoke suppression and thermal degradation properties of the composites were characterized via cone calorimetry test(CCT), limiting oxygen index(LOI), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), smoke density test(SDT), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and so on. The results show that: when the contents of OS and N-P are respectively 45% and 5%, the EVA/OS/N-P composite has the lowest peak heat release rate, and can form the denser char layer than that of EVA/OS composites. A certain amount of N-P can evidently increase LOI values of EVA/OS composites(with the highest value as 25.3%), and N-P is helpful to smoke suppression. Moreover, the EVA/OS composites show a higher thermal stability than that of EVA/OS/N-P composites.
Using CaCO_3 containing oil sludge(OS) as the filler, Ethylene-vinyl acetate/OS/nitrogenphosphorus flame retardant(EVA/OS/N-P) composites were prepared by melt blending method. Flame retardant, smoke suppression and thermal degradation properties of the composites were characterized via cone calorimetry test(CCT), limiting oxygen index(LOI), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), smoke density test(SDT), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and so on. The results show that: when the contents of OS and N-P are respectively 45% and 5%, the EVA/OS/N-P composite has the lowest peak heat release rate, and can form the denser char layer than that of EVA/OS composites. A certain amount of N-P can evidently increase LOI values of EVA/OS composites(with the highest value as 25.3%), and N-P is helpful to smoke suppression. Moreover, the EVA/OS composites show a higher thermal stability than that of EVA/OS/N-P composites.
引文
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[2]Hu G,Li J,Zeng G.Recent development in the treatment of oily sludge from petroleum industry:A review[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,261:470-490.
[3]Wang S,Wang X,Zhang C,et al.Bioremediation of oil sludge contaminated soil by landfarming with added cotton stalks[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,106:150-156.
[4]魏彦林,吕雷,杨志刚,等.含油污泥回收处理技术进展[J].油田化学,2015,32(1):151-158.
[5]Shen Y,Chen X,Wang J,et al.Oil sludge recycling by ashcatalyzed pyrolysis-reforming processes[J].Fuel,2016,182:871-878.
[6]Ermakov V V,Bogomolov A,Bykov D E.Oil sludge depository assessment using multivariate data analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,105:144-151.
[7]王志强,邢奕,洪晨,等.油田含油污泥掺煤资源化试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(5):287-291.
[8]Zhang K,Zhu J,Zhou Y,et al.Analysis the fry-drying process of oily sludge sample[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2014,92:2 396-2 403.
[9]于春涛.含油污泥无害化处理技术研究与应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2014,43(2):204-207.
[10]李富生,胡星琪,段明.阻燃高分子材料及其阻燃剂研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2002,30(9):56-59.
[11]杨保平,陈碧碧,郭军红,等.新型本质阻燃高分子材料研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(8):26-28.
[12]Yao Z T,Chen T,Li H Y,et al.Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene(PP)composites filled with modified shell waste[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,262:212-217.
[13]Qian Y,Li S,Chen X.Synthesis and characterization of LDHs using Bayer red mud and its flame-retardant properties in EVA/LDHs composites[J].Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,2015,17(4):646-654.
[14]Nguyen C,Kim J.Synthesis of a novel nitrogenphosphorus flame retardant based on phosphoramidate and its application to PC,PBT,EVA,and ABS[J].Macromolecular Research,2008,16(7):620-625.
[15]Li X Q,Feng Z,Xia Y,et al.Protein-assisted synthesis of double-shelled Ca CO3 microcapsules and their mineralization with heavy metal ions[J].Chemistry-A European Journal,2012,18(7):1 945-1 952.
[16]Ni M,Ratner B D.Differentiation calcium carbonate polymorphs by surface analysis techniques-An XPS and TOF-SIMS study[J].Surface and Interface Analysis,2008,40(10):1 356-1 361.
[17]付瑶,徐元清,蒋元力,等.磷-氮膨胀型阻燃聚甲醛的制备与性能研究[J].现代化工,2014,34(9):64-67.
[18]Qian Y,Li S,Chen X.Flame-retardant properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate/oil sludge/ammonium polyphosphate composites[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy,2015,34(6):1 731-1 739.
[19]Li L,Qian Y,Jiao C M.Influence of red phosphorus on the flame-retardant properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/layered double hydroxides composites[J].Iranian Polymer Journal,2012,21(9):557-568.
[20]Weil E D,Patel N G.Iron compounds in non-halogen flame-retardant polyamide systems[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2003,82(2):291-296.
[21]李姗姗,钱翌,陈希磊.基于废弃聚氨酯泡沫为碳源的膨胀型阻燃EVA的燃烧性能[J].合成树脂及塑料,2015,32(2):23-27.
[22]罗丹,颜渊巍,杨军.膨胀阻燃EVA的阻燃性能及机理研究[J].塑料工业,2016,44(5):75-79.
[23]Li L,Qian Y,Jiao C M.Synergistic flame retardant effect of melamine in ethylene-vinyl acetate/layered double hydroxides composites[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2013,114(1):45-55.
[24]苏超,罗居杰,赵宇航,等.PS/APP/EG/Ca CO3复合材料阻燃炭层形成机理研究[J].塑料科技,2014,42(5):40-45.