区域农田景观格局对麦田天敌瓢虫群落的影响
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摘要
【目的】明确农田景观格局对麦田天敌瓢虫种群的影响,为开展区域性害虫生态调控提供理论依据。【方法】以山东省22个县市区域的小麦种植区为研究对象,基于遥感影像与土地覆盖分类数据以及田间调查的瓢虫种群数据,计算景观格局指数,使用负二项分布的广义线性模型从农田景观、非作物生境景观和区域景观3个方面分析区域农田景观格局对麦田天敌瓢虫群落的影响。【结果】麦田瓢虫种群数量与草地的平均斑块面积(mean patch area,AREA_MN)和面积加权平均斑块分维数(area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension,FRAC_AM)、区域景观的斑块丰富度密度(patch richness density,PRD)呈正相关,与非作物生境的面积加权平均几何最邻近距离(areaweighted mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance,ENN_AM)呈负相关。草地、聚集的非作物生境以及多样性的区域景观有利于天敌瓢虫种群数量的增加。使用草地的平均斑块面积和非作物生境的面积加权平均几何最邻近距离可以预测瓢虫的发生量。【结论】作为非作物生境的草地、非作物生境的空间分布及区域景观的多样性是影响麦田天敌瓢虫发生的重要因素。
【Aim】To clarify the effects of agricultural landscape pattern on ladybeetle community in wheat fields,so as to provide theoretical proofs for ecological regulation and management of insect pests.【Methods】Based on the remote sensing data,land cover classification and the survey data of ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields in 22 counties and cities in Shandong,the planting region of wheat was taken as a typical example,the landscape pattern metrics were calculated,and the effects of landscape pattern of farmland,non-crop habitat and regional agricultural landscape on ladybeetle abundance were analyzed using negative binomial generalized linear model. 【Results】The ladybeetle abundance was positively correlated with mean patch area( AREA_MN) and area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension( FRAC_AM) of grassland and patch richness density( PRD) of regional landscape,and was negatively correlated with area-weighted mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance( ENN _ AM) of non-crop habitat.Grassland,clustered non-crop habitats and diverse regional landscapes benefited ladybeetle abundance.AREA_ MN of grassland and ENN _ AM of non-crop habitat could best predict ladybeetle occurrence.【Conclusion】Grassland,spatial distribution of non-crop habitats and regional landscape diversity are important landscape factors affecting the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields.
【Aim】To clarify the effects of agricultural landscape pattern on ladybeetle community in wheat fields,so as to provide theoretical proofs for ecological regulation and management of insect pests.【Methods】Based on the remote sensing data,land cover classification and the survey data of ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields in 22 counties and cities in Shandong,the planting region of wheat was taken as a typical example,the landscape pattern metrics were calculated,and the effects of landscape pattern of farmland,non-crop habitat and regional agricultural landscape on ladybeetle abundance were analyzed using negative binomial generalized linear model. 【Results】The ladybeetle abundance was positively correlated with mean patch area( AREA_MN) and area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension( FRAC_AM) of grassland and patch richness density( PRD) of regional landscape,and was negatively correlated with area-weighted mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance( ENN _ AM) of non-crop habitat.Grassland,clustered non-crop habitats and diverse regional landscapes benefited ladybeetle abundance.AREA_ MN of grassland and ENN _ AM of non-crop habitat could best predict ladybeetle occurrence.【Conclusion】Grassland,spatial distribution of non-crop habitats and regional landscape diversity are important landscape factors affecting the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields.
引文
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Caballero-López B,Bommarco R,Blanco-Moreno JM,Sans FX,PujadeVillar J,Rundl9f M,Smith HG,2012.Aphids and their natural enemies are differently affected by habitat features at local and landscape scales.Biol.Control,63(2):222-229.
Dong ZK,Ouyang F,Lu F,Ge F,2015.Shelterbelts in agricultural landscapes enhance ladybeetle abundance in spillover from cropland to adjacent habitats.Bio Control,60(3):351-361.
Evans EW,2008.Multitrophic interactions among plants,aphids,alternate prey and shared natural enemies-a review.Eur.J.Entomol.,105(3):369-380.
Gardiner M,Landis D,Gratton C,Di Fonzo C,O'Neal M,Chacon J,Wayo M,Schmidt N,Mueller E,Heimpel G,2009.Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central USA.Ecol.Appl.,19(1):143-154.
Ge F,2001.The principles,methods and practices of regional ecological regulation and management of pests.Entomol.Knowl.,38(5):337-341.[戈峰,2001.害虫区域性生态调控的理论、方法及实践.昆虫知识,38(5):337-341]
Ge F,Ouyang F,Zhao ZH,2014.Ecological management of insects based on ecological services at a landscape scale.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,51(3):597-605.[戈峰,欧阳芳,赵紫华,2014.基于服务功能的昆虫生态调控理论.应用昆虫学报,51(3):597-605]
Honěk A,MartinkováZ,Pekár S,2007.Aggregation characteristics of three species of Coccinellidae(Coleoptera)at hibernation sites.Eur.J.Entomol.,104(1):51-56.
Landis DA,Wratten SD,Gurr GM,2000.Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.Annu.Rev.Entomol.,45(1):175-201.
Li JX,Li C,Zhu FG,Song CH,Wu JG,2013.Spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization in Shanghai,China between 1989 and 2005.Lands.Ecol.,28(8):1545-1565.
Ouyang F,Ge F,2011.Effects of agricultural landscape patterns on insects.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,48(5):1177-1183.[欧阳芳,戈峰,2011.农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态学效应.应用昆虫学报,48(5):1177-1183]
Ouyang F,Men XY,Guan XM,Xiao YL,Ge F,2016.Ecological effect of regional agricultural landscape pattern on wheat aphids and their natural enemies.Sci.Sin.Vit.,46(1):139-150.[欧阳芳,门兴元,关秀敏,肖云丽,戈峰,2016.区域性农田景观格局对麦蚜及其天敌种群的生态学效应.中国科学:生命科学,46(1):139-150]
Ouyang ZY,Zhang L,Wu BF,Li XS,Xu WF,Xiao Y,Zheng H,2015.An ecosystem classification system based on remote sensor information in China.Acta Ecol.Sin.,35(2):219-226.[欧阳志云,张路,吴炳方,李晓松,徐卫华,肖燚,郑华,2015.基于遥感技术的全国生态系统分类体系.生态学报,35(2):219-226]
Ramsden MW,Menéndez R,Leather SR,Wackers F,2015.Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services:the relative role of aphid abundance,annual floral resources,and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies.Agr.Ecosyst.Environ.,199(1):94-104.
Robinson RA,Sutherland WJ,2002.Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain.J.Appl.Ecol.,39(1):157-176.
Roubos CR,Rodriguez-Saona C,Isaacs R,2014.Mitigating the effects of insecticides on arthropod biological control at field and landscape scales.Biol.Control,75(4):28-38.
Schaefer PW,Dysart RJ,Specht HB,1987.North American distribution of Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)and its mass appearance in coastal delaware.Environ.Entomol.,16(2):368-373.
Schellhorn NA,Bianchi FJJA,Hsu CL,2014.Movement of entomophagous arthropods in agricultural landscapes:links to pest suppression.Annu.Rev.Entomol.,59(1):559-581.
Schwarz N,2010.Urban form revisited-selecting indicators for characterising European cities.Landscape Urban Plan.,96(1):29-47.
Tylianakis JM,Didham RK,Wratten SD,2004.Improved fitness of aphid parasitoids receiving resource subsidies.Ecology,85(3):658-666.
Villegas CM,Verdugo JA,Grez AA,Tapia J,Lavandero B,2013.Movement between crops and weeds:temporal refuges for aphidophagous insects in Central Chile.Cienc.Investig.Agrar.,40(2):317-326.
Wang S,Michaud JP,Tan XL,Zhang F,Guo XJ,2011.The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China.Bio Control,56(2):193-206.
Wang XM,Chen XS,Qiu BL,Ren SX,2014.Methods and technologies for collecting,surveying and sampling predatory ladybirds(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,51(5):1362-1366.[王兴民,陈晓胜,邱宝利,任顺祥,2014.捕食性瓢虫采集与调查取样技术.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1362-1366]
Wang XX,Ouyang F,Liu YF,2013.Effects of farmland landscape patterns on the population dynamics of two lady beetles.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,50(4):903-911.[王秀秀,欧阳芳,刘雨芳,2013.瓢虫种群对棉花-玉米农田景观格局的响应.应用昆虫学报,50(4):903-911]
Yang L,Xu L,Liu B,Lu YH,2016.Effects of landscape pattern on the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields in northern China.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,53(3):612-620.[杨龙,徐磊,刘冰,陆宴辉,2016.农田景观格局对华北地区麦田早期瓢虫种群发生的影响.应用昆虫学报,53(3):612-620]
You MS,Hou YM,Liu YF,Yang G,Li ZS,Cai HJ,2004.Non-crop habitat manipulation and integrated pest management in agroecosystems.Acta Entomol.Sin.,47(2):260-268.[尤民生,侯有明,刘雨芳,杨广,李志胜,蔡鸿娇,2004.农田非作物生境调控与害虫综合治理.昆虫学报,47(2):260-268]
Zhao ZH,He DH,Hang J,Shi Y,Zhao YS,Wang Y,2011.Minimum amounts of suitable habitat for wheat aphid,parasitoid,and hyperparasitoid in facility-based agricultural landscapes.Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,22(1):206-214.[赵紫华,贺达汉,杭佳,石云,赵映书,王颖,2011.设施农业景观下破碎化麦田麦蚜及寄生蜂种群的最小适生面积.应用生态学报,22(1):206-214]
Zhao ZH,Ouyang F,He DH,2012.Edge effects and spillover effects of natural enemies on different habitat interfaces of agricultural landscape.Sci.Sin.Vit.,42(10):825-840.[赵紫华,欧阳芳,贺达汉,2012.农业景观中不同生境界面麦蚜天敌的边缘效应与溢出效应.中国科学:生命科学,42(10):825-840]
Caballero-López B,Bommarco R,Blanco-Moreno JM,Sans FX,PujadeVillar J,Rundl9f M,Smith HG,2012.Aphids and their natural enemies are differently affected by habitat features at local and landscape scales.Biol.Control,63(2):222-229.
Dong ZK,Ouyang F,Lu F,Ge F,2015.Shelterbelts in agricultural landscapes enhance ladybeetle abundance in spillover from cropland to adjacent habitats.Bio Control,60(3):351-361.
Evans EW,2008.Multitrophic interactions among plants,aphids,alternate prey and shared natural enemies-a review.Eur.J.Entomol.,105(3):369-380.
Gardiner M,Landis D,Gratton C,Di Fonzo C,O'Neal M,Chacon J,Wayo M,Schmidt N,Mueller E,Heimpel G,2009.Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central USA.Ecol.Appl.,19(1):143-154.
Ge F,2001.The principles,methods and practices of regional ecological regulation and management of pests.Entomol.Knowl.,38(5):337-341.[戈峰,2001.害虫区域性生态调控的理论、方法及实践.昆虫知识,38(5):337-341]
Ge F,Ouyang F,Zhao ZH,2014.Ecological management of insects based on ecological services at a landscape scale.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,51(3):597-605.[戈峰,欧阳芳,赵紫华,2014.基于服务功能的昆虫生态调控理论.应用昆虫学报,51(3):597-605]
Honěk A,MartinkováZ,Pekár S,2007.Aggregation characteristics of three species of Coccinellidae(Coleoptera)at hibernation sites.Eur.J.Entomol.,104(1):51-56.
Landis DA,Wratten SD,Gurr GM,2000.Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.Annu.Rev.Entomol.,45(1):175-201.
Li JX,Li C,Zhu FG,Song CH,Wu JG,2013.Spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization in Shanghai,China between 1989 and 2005.Lands.Ecol.,28(8):1545-1565.
Ouyang F,Ge F,2011.Effects of agricultural landscape patterns on insects.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,48(5):1177-1183.[欧阳芳,戈峰,2011.农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态学效应.应用昆虫学报,48(5):1177-1183]
Ouyang F,Men XY,Guan XM,Xiao YL,Ge F,2016.Ecological effect of regional agricultural landscape pattern on wheat aphids and their natural enemies.Sci.Sin.Vit.,46(1):139-150.[欧阳芳,门兴元,关秀敏,肖云丽,戈峰,2016.区域性农田景观格局对麦蚜及其天敌种群的生态学效应.中国科学:生命科学,46(1):139-150]
Ouyang ZY,Zhang L,Wu BF,Li XS,Xu WF,Xiao Y,Zheng H,2015.An ecosystem classification system based on remote sensor information in China.Acta Ecol.Sin.,35(2):219-226.[欧阳志云,张路,吴炳方,李晓松,徐卫华,肖燚,郑华,2015.基于遥感技术的全国生态系统分类体系.生态学报,35(2):219-226]
Ramsden MW,Menéndez R,Leather SR,Wackers F,2015.Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services:the relative role of aphid abundance,annual floral resources,and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies.Agr.Ecosyst.Environ.,199(1):94-104.
Robinson RA,Sutherland WJ,2002.Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain.J.Appl.Ecol.,39(1):157-176.
Roubos CR,Rodriguez-Saona C,Isaacs R,2014.Mitigating the effects of insecticides on arthropod biological control at field and landscape scales.Biol.Control,75(4):28-38.
Schaefer PW,Dysart RJ,Specht HB,1987.North American distribution of Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)and its mass appearance in coastal delaware.Environ.Entomol.,16(2):368-373.
Schellhorn NA,Bianchi FJJA,Hsu CL,2014.Movement of entomophagous arthropods in agricultural landscapes:links to pest suppression.Annu.Rev.Entomol.,59(1):559-581.
Schwarz N,2010.Urban form revisited-selecting indicators for characterising European cities.Landscape Urban Plan.,96(1):29-47.
Tylianakis JM,Didham RK,Wratten SD,2004.Improved fitness of aphid parasitoids receiving resource subsidies.Ecology,85(3):658-666.
Villegas CM,Verdugo JA,Grez AA,Tapia J,Lavandero B,2013.Movement between crops and weeds:temporal refuges for aphidophagous insects in Central Chile.Cienc.Investig.Agrar.,40(2):317-326.
Wang S,Michaud JP,Tan XL,Zhang F,Guo XJ,2011.The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China.Bio Control,56(2):193-206.
Wang XM,Chen XS,Qiu BL,Ren SX,2014.Methods and technologies for collecting,surveying and sampling predatory ladybirds(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,51(5):1362-1366.[王兴民,陈晓胜,邱宝利,任顺祥,2014.捕食性瓢虫采集与调查取样技术.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1362-1366]
Wang XX,Ouyang F,Liu YF,2013.Effects of farmland landscape patterns on the population dynamics of two lady beetles.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,50(4):903-911.[王秀秀,欧阳芳,刘雨芳,2013.瓢虫种群对棉花-玉米农田景观格局的响应.应用昆虫学报,50(4):903-911]
Yang L,Xu L,Liu B,Lu YH,2016.Effects of landscape pattern on the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields in northern China.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,53(3):612-620.[杨龙,徐磊,刘冰,陆宴辉,2016.农田景观格局对华北地区麦田早期瓢虫种群发生的影响.应用昆虫学报,53(3):612-620]
You MS,Hou YM,Liu YF,Yang G,Li ZS,Cai HJ,2004.Non-crop habitat manipulation and integrated pest management in agroecosystems.Acta Entomol.Sin.,47(2):260-268.[尤民生,侯有明,刘雨芳,杨广,李志胜,蔡鸿娇,2004.农田非作物生境调控与害虫综合治理.昆虫学报,47(2):260-268]
Zhao ZH,He DH,Hang J,Shi Y,Zhao YS,Wang Y,2011.Minimum amounts of suitable habitat for wheat aphid,parasitoid,and hyperparasitoid in facility-based agricultural landscapes.Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,22(1):206-214.[赵紫华,贺达汉,杭佳,石云,赵映书,王颖,2011.设施农业景观下破碎化麦田麦蚜及寄生蜂种群的最小适生面积.应用生态学报,22(1):206-214]
Zhao ZH,Ouyang F,He DH,2012.Edge effects and spillover effects of natural enemies on different habitat interfaces of agricultural landscape.Sci.Sin.Vit.,42(10):825-840.[赵紫华,欧阳芳,贺达汉,2012.农业景观中不同生境界面麦蚜天敌的边缘效应与溢出效应.中国科学:生命科学,42(10):825-840]