晚播条件下播期与播量对小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响
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摘要
研究山西晋中地区晚播条件下播期播量互作对强筋小麦CA0547灌浆过程中千粒质量、蛋白质及其组分含量与产量的影响,并探讨它们之间的相关性,阐明晚播条件下的最佳播期播量。采取裂区试验设计,通过田间取样与室内分析,探索了晚播播期播量互作条件下强筋小麦的籽粒灌浆特性。结果表明,晚播条件下播期播量互作强筋小麦灌浆进程及蛋白质含量可以采用一元三次多项式方程来模拟,分别呈现S型和V型变化曲线;蛋白质含量于花后18 d降至最低;随着灌浆时间的持续推进,清蛋白的含量逐渐减少,球蛋白始终保持最低,醇溶蛋白含量、谷蛋白含量都明显提高;蛋白质组分含量最高的是适播适量(A2B2),但播种量对小麦籽粒品质的影响明显小于播种时期。强筋小麦最大粒质量、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率以及起始生长势均以早播少量(A1B1)、适播适量(A2B2)、晚播多量(A3B3)最高,灌浆持续期、产量则随播期推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势,10月8日达到最高。晋中地区强筋小麦晚播条件下遵循早播少量、适播适量、晚播多量规律,最晚于10月8日播种、播量为225 kg/hm~2时可实现高产。
To study the effect of sowing rate and sowing date interactions on the 1 000-grain quality, protein and its components and yield of strong gluten wheat CA0547 under late sowing conditions in Jinzhong region of Shanxi province, and to explore the correlation between them and to determine best sowing date and rate, the split-plot test design was adopted. Field sampling and indoor analysis were conducted to explore the grain filling characteristics of strong gluten wheat of sowing date and sowing amount interaction under late sowing condition. The results showed that under late sowing conditions, the grain filling process and protein content of strong gluten wheat could be simulated using the single-variable cubic polynomial equation. They showed S and V curve, respectively. Protein content reduced to a minimum after 18 d. As the filling time continued, the content of albumin decreased gradually, the globulin remained the lowest, the content of prolamin and gluten increased significantly. The highest content of protein components was suitable sowing and suitable anount(A2B2), but the effect of sowing rate on wheat grain quality was significantly less than that of sowing date. The maximum grain quality, maximum grain filling rate, average grain filling rate and initial growth potential of strong gluten wheat were the highest with a small amount of early sowing(A1B1), a suitable amount of suitable sowing(A2B2) and a large amount of late sowing(A3B3),respectively. The grain filling duration and yield increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date, and reached the highest on October 8. Under the condition of late sowing of strong gluten wheat in Jinzhong area, the law of small amount of early sowing, suitable amount of suitable sowing and large amount of late sowing were observed. High yield can be achieved by sowing at the latest on October 8 and sowing at 225 kg/hm~2.
To study the effect of sowing rate and sowing date interactions on the 1 000-grain quality, protein and its components and yield of strong gluten wheat CA0547 under late sowing conditions in Jinzhong region of Shanxi province, and to explore the correlation between them and to determine best sowing date and rate, the split-plot test design was adopted. Field sampling and indoor analysis were conducted to explore the grain filling characteristics of strong gluten wheat of sowing date and sowing amount interaction under late sowing condition. The results showed that under late sowing conditions, the grain filling process and protein content of strong gluten wheat could be simulated using the single-variable cubic polynomial equation. They showed S and V curve, respectively. Protein content reduced to a minimum after 18 d. As the filling time continued, the content of albumin decreased gradually, the globulin remained the lowest, the content of prolamin and gluten increased significantly. The highest content of protein components was suitable sowing and suitable anount(A2B2), but the effect of sowing rate on wheat grain quality was significantly less than that of sowing date. The maximum grain quality, maximum grain filling rate, average grain filling rate and initial growth potential of strong gluten wheat were the highest with a small amount of early sowing(A1B1), a suitable amount of suitable sowing(A2B2) and a large amount of late sowing(A3B3),respectively. The grain filling duration and yield increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date, and reached the highest on October 8. Under the condition of late sowing of strong gluten wheat in Jinzhong area, the law of small amount of early sowing, suitable amount of suitable sowing and large amount of late sowing were observed. High yield can be achieved by sowing at the latest on October 8 and sowing at 225 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[24]雷均杰,赵奇,陈兴武,等.播期和密度对冬小麦产量与品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(1):75-79.
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[26]姜丽娜,赵艳岭,邵云,等.播期播量对豫中小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(5):42-46.
[27]刘万代,陈现永,尹钧,等.播期和密度对冬小麦豫麦49-198群体性状和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(3):464-469.
[28]李豪圣,宋健民,刘爱峰,等.播期和种植密度对超高产小麦‘济麦22’产量及其构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):243-248.
[29]丁位华,冯素伟,王丹,等.不同穗型小麦籽粒灌浆、干物质积累与转运特性及其与产量的关系[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):13-17.
[2]姜朋,杨学明,张鹏,等.播期和密度对小麦生选6号产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(7):5-9.
[3]杨珍平,周乃健,苗果园.晋中晚熟冬麦区不同群体模式小麦光合性能分析[J].作物学报,2004,30(9):878-882.
[4]席晋飞,杨珍平,张定宇,等.肥密运筹对晋中晚播小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报,2012,32(2):112-117.
[5]赵洪亮,刘恩才,马瑞崑,等.冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性参数分析[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(8):1560-1562.
[6]阴卫军,刘霞,倪大鹏,等.播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量构成的影响[J].山东农业科学,2005(5):16-18.
[7]刘小丽,王凯,杨珍平,等.播期与播种方式的不同配套对一年两作区旱地冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(2):232-238.
[8]裴雪霞,王姣爱,党建友,等.播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及旗叶光合特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):121-128.
[9]温红霞,冯伟森,段国辉,等.不同播种密度对冬小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(12):23-25.
[10]亢福仁.不同栽培条件对籽粒产量和品质的影响[[J].榆林学院学报,2003,13(3):31-35.
[11]苏珮,蒋纪芸.小麦籽粒蛋白质积累规律的初步研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1992,20(3):59-63.
[12]王月福,姜东,于振文,等.氮素水平对小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其生理基础[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(5):513-520.
[13]范金萍,张伯桥,吕国锋,等.播期对小麦主要品质性状及面团粉质参数的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2003(2):10-12.
[14]王月福,于振文,李尚霞.土壤肥力对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及加工品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(6):1318-1324.
[15]邓志英,田纪春,刘现鹏.不同高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合的小麦籽粒蛋白组分及其谷蛋白大聚合体的积累规律[J].作物学报,2004,30(5):481-486.
[16]赵秀兰,李文雄.氮磷水平与气象条件对春小麦籽粒蛋白质含量形成动态的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(8):1914-1920.
[17]安晓东,靖金莲,刘玲玲,等.花后高温对晋南冬小麦籽粒灌浆速率的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(9):1444-1447.
[18]钱兆国,吴科,丛新军.小麦灌浆特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2004,32(1):5-6.
[19]王立国,许民安,鲁晓芳,等.冬小麦籽粒灌浆参数与千粒质量相关性研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(3):30-32.
[20]赵新华,于维汉,于松溪.小麦济南17籽粒灌浆特征分析[J].作物研究,2002,16(2):57-58.
[21]赵广才,张艳,刘利华,等.不同施肥处理对冬小麦产量、蛋白组分和加工品质的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(6):772-776.
[22]付雪丽,王晨阳,郭天财,等.水氮互作对小麦籽粒蛋白质、淀粉含量及其组分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):317-322.
[23]赵春,宁堂原,焦念元,等.基因型与环境对小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1261-1264.
[24]雷均杰,赵奇,陈兴武,等.播期和密度对冬小麦产量与品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(1):75-79.
[25]王宙,麻慧芳.不同播期对小麦产量与品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2007,35(3):36-38.
[26]姜丽娜,赵艳岭,邵云,等.播期播量对豫中小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(5):42-46.
[27]刘万代,陈现永,尹钧,等.播期和密度对冬小麦豫麦49-198群体性状和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(3):464-469.
[28]李豪圣,宋健民,刘爱峰,等.播期和种植密度对超高产小麦‘济麦22’产量及其构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(5):243-248.
[29]丁位华,冯素伟,王丹,等.不同穗型小麦籽粒灌浆、干物质积累与转运特性及其与产量的关系[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):13-17.