《管锥编》“契阔”释义论析
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摘要
"契阔"的释义历来众说纷纭,直至《管锥编》始得分明。钱锺书在《管锥编》中梳理了文学典籍中对"契阔"的释义,论述了"契阔"的三种释义:两字意思并存是"离合"的含义;偏义复词时只取其中一字之义,即"疏阔"或"契合";具体含义需结合上下文语境理解。钱锺书对"契阔"诸义的探究和阐释有理有据,其善于例证的考究方法和严谨的论述技巧值得学习和借鉴。
The Book of Songs·Bei Feng·Drums: "Meet or part,live or die.You and I have made oath. Let me take your hand, growing old with you together." It's quite well-known, but the interpretation of the "Qi Kuo" has always been controversial. It is not clear until the exposition of Guan Zhui Bian.Mr. Qian Zhongshu sorted out the definition of "Qi Kuo" in literary classics, and discussed the three definitions of "Qi Kuo" :The meaning of two words coexisting is the meaning of "separation and together";One-sided compound words only draw the meaning of one word: "together" or "parting";It needs to be understood in context. Mr.Qian's exploration and interpretation of the meaning of "Qi Kuo" has its own merits, and its good examples and rigorous elaboration techniques are worth learning.
The Book of Songs·Bei Feng·Drums: "Meet or part,live or die.You and I have made oath. Let me take your hand, growing old with you together." It's quite well-known, but the interpretation of the "Qi Kuo" has always been controversial. It is not clear until the exposition of Guan Zhui Bian.Mr. Qian Zhongshu sorted out the definition of "Qi Kuo" in literary classics, and discussed the three definitions of "Qi Kuo" :The meaning of two words coexisting is the meaning of "separation and together";One-sided compound words only draw the meaning of one word: "together" or "parting";It needs to be understood in context. Mr.Qian's exploration and interpretation of the meaning of "Qi Kuo" has its own merits, and its good examples and rigorous elaboration techniques are worth learning.
引文
[1]钱锺书.管锥编[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2007.
[2]周振甫.诗经选译[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[3]黄寿祺,张善文.周易译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2001.
[4]张忠纲.杜甫诗选[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[5]辞源第一册[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981.
[6][清]马瑞辰.毛诗传笺通释[M].北京:中华书局,1989.
[7]王人恩.论钱钟书对《离骚》题义的破解[J].兰州学刊,2016(10):53-58.
(1)庶几:也许可以。表示希望或推测之词。《庄子·人间世》:“医门多疾,愿以所闻思其则,庶几其国有瘳乎。”《孟子·梁惠王下》:“王庶几改之,予日望之!”见《辞源》(修订本)第二册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第1 010页。
(2)《义府》:清黄生撰。二卷,上卷论经,下卷论子、史、集,附论金石。考证颇多精义。见《辞源》(修订本)第三册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第2 497页。
(3)屯邅(zhun zhan):难行不进貌。喻处境不利,进退两难。《易·屯》:“屯如邅如。”疏:“屯是屯难,邅是邅回。”《文选·晋左太冲(思)<咏史>诗之七》:“英雄有屯邅,由来自古昔。”也作“屯亶”“迍邅”。《汉书一〇〇上叙传·班固<幽通赋>》:“纷屯亶与蹇连兮,何艰多而智寡。”注:“(屯亶、蹇连)皆谓险难之时也。”参见“迍邅”。见《辞源》(修订本)第二册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第918页。
(4)跳脱:手镯、腕钏一类的臂饰。《唐诗纪事二·文宗》:“又一日问宰臣,古诗云‘轻衫衬跳脱’,跳脱是何物?宰臣未对。上曰:‘即今之腕钏也。’《真诰》言安妃有斫粟金跳脱是臂饰。”也作“条脱”。见《辞源》(修订本)第四册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第2 997页。
(5)浸假:《庄子·大宗师》:“浸假而化予之左臂以为鸡,予因以求时夜;浸假而化予之右臂以为弹,予因以求鸮炙。”浸,渐;假,偕。后多用为逐渐之意。见《辞源》(修订本)第三册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第1 794页。
[2]周振甫.诗经选译[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[3]黄寿祺,张善文.周易译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2001.
[4]张忠纲.杜甫诗选[M].北京:中华书局,2005.
[5]辞源第一册[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981.
[6][清]马瑞辰.毛诗传笺通释[M].北京:中华书局,1989.
[7]王人恩.论钱钟书对《离骚》题义的破解[J].兰州学刊,2016(10):53-58.
(1)庶几:也许可以。表示希望或推测之词。《庄子·人间世》:“医门多疾,愿以所闻思其则,庶几其国有瘳乎。”《孟子·梁惠王下》:“王庶几改之,予日望之!”见《辞源》(修订本)第二册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第1 010页。
(2)《义府》:清黄生撰。二卷,上卷论经,下卷论子、史、集,附论金石。考证颇多精义。见《辞源》(修订本)第三册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第2 497页。
(3)屯邅(zhun zhan):难行不进貌。喻处境不利,进退两难。《易·屯》:“屯如邅如。”疏:“屯是屯难,邅是邅回。”《文选·晋左太冲(思)<咏史>诗之七》:“英雄有屯邅,由来自古昔。”也作“屯亶”“迍邅”。《汉书一〇〇上叙传·班固<幽通赋>》:“纷屯亶与蹇连兮,何艰多而智寡。”注:“(屯亶、蹇连)皆谓险难之时也。”参见“迍邅”。见《辞源》(修订本)第二册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第918页。
(4)跳脱:手镯、腕钏一类的臂饰。《唐诗纪事二·文宗》:“又一日问宰臣,古诗云‘轻衫衬跳脱’,跳脱是何物?宰臣未对。上曰:‘即今之腕钏也。’《真诰》言安妃有斫粟金跳脱是臂饰。”也作“条脱”。见《辞源》(修订本)第四册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第2 997页。
(5)浸假:《庄子·大宗师》:“浸假而化予之左臂以为鸡,予因以求时夜;浸假而化予之右臂以为弹,予因以求鸮炙。”浸,渐;假,偕。后多用为逐渐之意。见《辞源》(修订本)第三册,北京商务印书馆1981年版第1 794页。