无线传感器节点信号线的电磁防护实验研究
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摘要
构建带有故障自检测功能的实验平台,使用强电磁脉冲发生器进行辐照实验;基于辐照实验结果,设计了一套软硬件相结合的防护方法,其中软件采用中值滤波,硬件采用TVS二极管;实验结果表明:无线传感器节点信号线接口自身有一定的抗强电磁脉冲能力,但随着脉冲峰值场强的增大,通过节点信号线耦合进入节点内部的大电流会导致节点出现通信错误、重启和死机等故障;添加该防护方案后,中值滤波能够有效排除瞬时性错误信号,TVS通过构建低阻通道泄放部分能量,将信号线对地电压钳位在一定范围,从而阻止大电流耦合进入节点内部,进而大幅度提高了节点的抗强电磁脉冲能力。
An experimental platform with fault self-detection function was constructed and a strong electromagnetic pulse irradiation experiment was performed using a strong electromagnetic generator. A set of protection methods combining software and hardware was designed according to the results of irradiation experiment and the characteristics of TVS,which include the median filtering and TVS diodes. The experimental results show that the signal line interface of the wireless sensor node has certain anti-strong electromagnetic pulse capability. However,as the pulse peak field strength increases,the large current flowing into the node through the node signal line will cause the communication error and restart of the node. After adding this protection scheme,the median filter can effectively eliminate the transient error signal. The TVS bleeds part of the energy by constructing the low-resistance channel,and clamps the signal line-to-ground voltage to a certain range,thereby preventing large current coupling from entering the node. The node's ability to resist strong electromagnetic pulses has been greatly improved.
An experimental platform with fault self-detection function was constructed and a strong electromagnetic pulse irradiation experiment was performed using a strong electromagnetic generator. A set of protection methods combining software and hardware was designed according to the results of irradiation experiment and the characteristics of TVS,which include the median filtering and TVS diodes. The experimental results show that the signal line interface of the wireless sensor node has certain anti-strong electromagnetic pulse capability. However,as the pulse peak field strength increases,the large current flowing into the node through the node signal line will cause the communication error and restart of the node. After adding this protection scheme,the median filter can effectively eliminate the transient error signal. The TVS bleeds part of the energy by constructing the low-resistance channel,and clamps the signal line-to-ground voltage to a certain range,thereby preventing large current coupling from entering the node. The node's ability to resist strong electromagnetic pulses has been greatly improved.
引文
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[2]史兵,段锁林,李菊,等.基于无线传感器网络的室内移动灭火机器人系统设计[J].计算机应用,2018,38(1):284-289.
[3]王嘉宁,牛新涛,徐子明,等.基于无线传感器网络的温室CO2浓度监控系统[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):280-285,367.
[4]朱泽锋,张军,彭跃华.复杂电磁环境对电子装备的影响研究[J].兵器装备工程学报,2016,37(11):10-15.
[5]侯民胜,陈亚洲.强电磁脉冲对单片机系统的辐照效应实验研究[J].电子技术应用,2001(8):9-11.
[6]甄可龙,吕善伟,张岩.强电磁脉冲对雷达接收机的天线耦合分析[J].河北科技大学学报,2011,32(2):147-151.
[7]温涛,张冬青,郭权,等.无线传感器网络冗余节点休眠调度算法[J].通信学报,2014,35(10):67-80.
[8]李文锋,符修文.无线传感器网络抗毁性[J].计算机学报,2015,38(3):625-647.
[9]苏金树,郭文忠,余朝龙,等.负载均衡感知的无线传感器网络容错分簇算法[J].计算机学报,2014,37(2):445-456.
[10]侯民胜.单片机系统电磁脉冲效应及加固技术研究[C]//第15届全国电磁兼容学术会议论文集.中国电子学会电磁兼容分会、中国通信学会电磁兼容委员会、中国电子学会微波分会,2006:5.
[11]陈子鹏,戴亚文,李鹏,等.无线传感器电磁脉冲效应实验及防护电路设计[J].武汉理工大学学报,2013,35(5):146-151.
[12]安勃.变电站内无线传感器的电磁兼容问题研究[D].北京:华北电力大学(北京),2017.
[13]吴超.变电站设备状态监测无线传感器网络节点的关键技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013.
[14]郭静坤.碳系材料强电磁脉冲电磁屏蔽效能研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014.
[15]张哲.冲击波场无线传感器节点的设计与实现[D].太原:中北大学,2009.
[16]胡锐.卫星导航接收机强电磁脉冲耦合机理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.
[17]陈云帆,周中山,张云峰.瞬态抑制二极管(TVS)的试验分析与应用[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(3):58-63,69.
[18]黎莫清,周小武. TVS器件特性参数分析及应用[J].现代电子技术,2013,36(16):127-130.