基于DEM-CFD的玉米气吸式排种器种盘设计与试验
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摘要
针对玉米气吸式排种器高速作业下种子运动十分复杂、难以进行准确分析计算的问题,采用DEM(离散元)和CFD(计算流体力学)耦合的方法,模拟了气吸式排种器工作过程,分析了种子受到的曳力和运动速度,得出不同种子充种能力大小依次为:小扁形、类圆形、大扁形。经过仿真分析,有针对性地选取不易吸附充种的大扁形种子,建立充种过程数学模型,优化种盘型孔凸台高度和型孔凸台角度参数。为了获得排种器的最佳性能参数,以型孔凸台角度、型孔凸台高度、种层高度为试验因素,以排种合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标进行三因素二次旋转正交组合试验,并应用Design-Expert 8. 0. 6软件对试验数据进行多元回归分析和响应曲面分析,得到了各因素对指标影响关系。采用多目标优化方法,确定了最佳参数组合:型孔凸台角度为35. 76°,型孔凸台高度为3. 11 mm,种层高度为55. 61 mm,排种合格指数最高。此时,排种器性能指标为:合格指数91. 60%,漏播指数3. 90%,重播指数4. 50%。对优化结果进行验证试验,并与原排种器进行对比,验证结果与优化结果基本一致,且合格指数和漏播指数均优于原排种器,满足玉米精密播种的要求。
The seeds movement under the high-speed operation condition of corn air suction metering device is very complicate,and it is difficult to carry out accurate analysis and calculation. The discrete element( DEM) and computational fluid dynamics( CFD) coupling method was used to accurately simulate the working process of air suction metering device,the bonding model of Zhengdan 958 corn seed cohesive particles was established, the airway structured grid was divided, and the related parameters were set up. The coupling simulation of EDEM and CFD was realized. Through simulation,the working process of the air suction metering device was accurately simulated,and the drag force and movement speed of the seeds were accurately analyzed. It was concluded that the seed filling ability of different seeds from big to small was as follows: small flat shape,round shape and big flat shape. In order to improve the operation quality of seed metering device and ensure the adaptability of seed metering device to seeds,the optimum design of seed plate structure for big flat shape was studied. The mathematical model of filling process was established to optimize the height of the plate type hole embossment and the angle parameter of the type hole embossment. Because of the complex movement caused by the interaction between seed populations and the interaction between seed populations and metering devices when the metering plate was rotated,further analysis and determination of the optimum angle were needed. In order to obtain the best performance parameters of the seed metering device,the angle of the type hole embossment,the height of the type hole embossment and the height of the seed layer were taken as the test factors,and the three factors of the seeding qualified index,multiple index and missing index were used as test indicators. Performing a three-factor quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test,the Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 software was used to analyze the test data by multiple regression analysis and response surface analysis. The primary and secondary factors affecting the qualified index and multiple index were obtained as follows: the height of type hole embossment,the height of seed layer and the angle of type hole embossment. The primary and secondary factors that affecting the missing index were the height of type hole embossment,the angle of type hole embossment and the height of seed layer. Using multi-objective optimization method,the optimum combination of parameters was determined as follows: the angle of type hole embossment was 35. 76°,the height of type hole embossment was 3. 11 mm,the height of seed layer was 55. 61 mm,and the qualified index of seed metering was the highest. Under this condition, the qualified index of seed metering device was91. 60%,the missing index was 3. 90%,and the multiple index was 4. 50%. The validation test of the optimization results was carried out. When the operating speed was 14 km/h and the wind pressure was-3 k Pa,the qualified index was 91. 90%,the missing index was 3. 89%,and the multiple index was4. 21%. The validation results were basically consistent with the optimization results,compared with the first-generation seed metering device,the qualified index and missing index were better. It can ensure the precision seeding of corn.
The seeds movement under the high-speed operation condition of corn air suction metering device is very complicate,and it is difficult to carry out accurate analysis and calculation. The discrete element( DEM) and computational fluid dynamics( CFD) coupling method was used to accurately simulate the working process of air suction metering device,the bonding model of Zhengdan 958 corn seed cohesive particles was established, the airway structured grid was divided, and the related parameters were set up. The coupling simulation of EDEM and CFD was realized. Through simulation,the working process of the air suction metering device was accurately simulated,and the drag force and movement speed of the seeds were accurately analyzed. It was concluded that the seed filling ability of different seeds from big to small was as follows: small flat shape,round shape and big flat shape. In order to improve the operation quality of seed metering device and ensure the adaptability of seed metering device to seeds,the optimum design of seed plate structure for big flat shape was studied. The mathematical model of filling process was established to optimize the height of the plate type hole embossment and the angle parameter of the type hole embossment. Because of the complex movement caused by the interaction between seed populations and the interaction between seed populations and metering devices when the metering plate was rotated,further analysis and determination of the optimum angle were needed. In order to obtain the best performance parameters of the seed metering device,the angle of the type hole embossment,the height of the type hole embossment and the height of the seed layer were taken as the test factors,and the three factors of the seeding qualified index,multiple index and missing index were used as test indicators. Performing a three-factor quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test,the Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 software was used to analyze the test data by multiple regression analysis and response surface analysis. The primary and secondary factors affecting the qualified index and multiple index were obtained as follows: the height of type hole embossment,the height of seed layer and the angle of type hole embossment. The primary and secondary factors that affecting the missing index were the height of type hole embossment,the angle of type hole embossment and the height of seed layer. Using multi-objective optimization method,the optimum combination of parameters was determined as follows: the angle of type hole embossment was 35. 76°,the height of type hole embossment was 3. 11 mm,the height of seed layer was 55. 61 mm,and the qualified index of seed metering was the highest. Under this condition, the qualified index of seed metering device was91. 60%,the missing index was 3. 90%,and the multiple index was 4. 50%. The validation test of the optimization results was carried out. When the operating speed was 14 km/h and the wind pressure was-3 k Pa,the qualified index was 91. 90%,the missing index was 3. 89%,and the multiple index was4. 21%. The validation results were basically consistent with the optimization results,compared with the first-generation seed metering device,the qualified index and missing index were better. It can ensure the precision seeding of corn.
引文
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[2]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2001-2017.
[3]颜丙新.盘式同步气吸式精量排种器设计研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018.YAN Bingxin.Design and research of vacuum precision seed-metering device with synchronously rotating plate and chamber[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[4]韩丹丹.基于EDEM-CFD耦合的内充气吹式排种器仿真优化与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2018.HAN Dandan.Optimization simulation and experimental research of inside-filling air-blowing seed-metering device based on EDEM-CFD[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[5]BARUT Z B,ZMERZI A.Effect of different operating parameters on seed holding in the single seed metering unit of a pneumatic planter[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture&Forestry,2004,28(6):435-441.
[6]KARAYEL D,BARUT Z B,ZMERZI A.Mathematical modelling of vacuum pressure on a precision seeder[J].Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):437-444.
[7]杨丽,史嵩,崔涛,等.气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):48-53.YANG Li,SHI Song,CUI Tao,et al.Air-suction corn precision metering device with mechanical supporting plate to assist carrying seed[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):48-53.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=2012s10&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.S0.010.(in Chinese)
[8]颜丙新,张东兴,崔涛,等.排种盘和负压腔室同步旋转气吸式玉米精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):15-23.YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao,et al.Design of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with synchronous rotating seed plate and vacuum chamber[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):15-23.(in Chinese)
[9]SAKAI M,KOSHIZUKA S.Large-scale discrete element modeling in pneumatic conveying[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(3):533-539.
[10]TONG Z B,ZHENG B,YANG R Y,et al.CFD-DEM investigation of the dispersion mechanisms in commercial dry powder inhalers[J].Powder Technology,2013,240(5):19-24.
[11]SALIKOV V,ANTONYUK S,HEINRICH S,et al.Characterization and CFD-DEM modelling of a prismatic spouted bed[J].Powder Technology,2015,270:622-636.
[12]冯占荣.基于CAD-DEM-CFD耦合的气吹式排种器数字化设计方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.FENG Zhanrong.Research on digital design method of air blowing seed metering device based on CAD-DEM-CFD coupling[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2010.(in Chinese)
[13]韩丹丹,张东兴,杨丽,等.基于EDEM-CFD耦合的内充气吹式排种器优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):43-51.HAN Dandan,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al.Optimization and experiment of inside-filling air-blowing seed metering device based on EDEM-CFD[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):43-51.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20171106&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.006.(in Chinese)
[14]李耀明,赵湛,陈进,等.气吸振动式排种器种盘内种群运动的离散元分析[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):56-59.LI Yaoming,ZHAO Zhan,CHEN Jin,et al.Element method simulation of seeds motion in vibrated bed of precision vacuum seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(3):56-59.(in Chinese)
[15]赖庆辉,高筱钧,张智泓.三七气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):27-37.LAI Qinghui,GAO Xiaojun,ZHANG Zhihong.Simulation and experiment of seed-filling performance of pneumatic cylinder seed-metering device for Panax notoginseng[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):27-37.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160505&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.005.(in Chinese)
[16]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装置设计及充种性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):26-34.LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,LI Zhaodong,et al.Design of seed churning device in air-assisted centralized metering device for rapeseed and wheat and experiment on seed filling performance[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(18):26-34.(in Chinese)
[17]王云霞,梁志杰,张东兴,等.基于离散元的玉米种子颗粒模型种间接触参数标定[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):36-42.WANG Yunxia,LIANG Zhijie,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Calibration method of contact characteristic parameters for corn seeds based on EDEM[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(22):36-42.(in Chinese)
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