环境因素对小麦黑胚病影响的研究进展
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摘要
就栽培措施与气象因子两大主要环境因素对小麦黑胚病发病率的影响进行综述。栽培措施中,耕作方式和播量对黑胚率影响不大,播期对黑胚率影响的研究结果不一致,土壤质地对黑胚率有一定的影响,灌溉和施肥与黑胚率关系密切。一般认为,黑胚率随灌水(施肥)次数与总量的增加而升高,但不同生育时期灌水(施肥)对黑胚率的影响效果不同,花后尤其是乳熟至面团期灌水(施肥)引起黑胚率升高。关于气象因子,多数研究认为乳熟至面团期的气象因子对黑胚率影响较大,并构建了气象因子对黑胚率影响的模型。降雨(天数与雨量)和湿度与黑胚率呈正相关关系,温度对黑胚率影响的研究结果不一致。目前,国内关于气象因子与小麦黑胚率关系的报道很少,建议应用中感黑胚病小麦品系进行气象因子对黑胚率影响的研究,并建立气象因子对黑胚病发生影响效果的预测模型。
In this paper,the effects of two main environmental factors( cultivation factors and meteorological factors) on the incidence of wheat black point were reviewed. Among the cultivation factors,tillage systems and seeding rate had no significant effect on the incidence of black point. The effect of sowing date on the incidence was inconsistent in different studies. Soil texture had a certain effect on the incidence of black point. Irrigation and fertilization were closely related to the incidence of black point. In general,the incidence increased with the frequency and amount of irrigation( fertilization). However,the effect of irrigation( fertilization) on the incidence changed in different growth stages. The incidence was significantly increased when plants were irrigated( fertilized) after flowering especially during the growth stage from milk stage to dough stage. As to meteorological factors,many researchers suggested that meteorological factors had a great influence on the incidence of black point from milk stage to dough stage and developed the regression equation of the effect of meteorological factors on the incidence. There was a positive correlation between the rainfall( days and precipitation),relative humidity,and the incidence of black point. However,the effect of temperature on the incidence was inconsistent in different studies. Up to now,there are few reports about the relationship between meteorological factors and incidence of black point at home. The correlation between meteorological factors and incidence of black point,and modelsusing meteorological factors to forecast the incidence of black point should be studied with moderately susceptible wheat varieties/lines planted for several years.
In this paper,the effects of two main environmental factors( cultivation factors and meteorological factors) on the incidence of wheat black point were reviewed. Among the cultivation factors,tillage systems and seeding rate had no significant effect on the incidence of black point. The effect of sowing date on the incidence was inconsistent in different studies. Soil texture had a certain effect on the incidence of black point. Irrigation and fertilization were closely related to the incidence of black point. In general,the incidence increased with the frequency and amount of irrigation( fertilization). However,the effect of irrigation( fertilization) on the incidence changed in different growth stages. The incidence was significantly increased when plants were irrigated( fertilized) after flowering especially during the growth stage from milk stage to dough stage. As to meteorological factors,many researchers suggested that meteorological factors had a great influence on the incidence of black point from milk stage to dough stage and developed the regression equation of the effect of meteorological factors on the incidence. There was a positive correlation between the rainfall( days and precipitation),relative humidity,and the incidence of black point. However,the effect of temperature on the incidence was inconsistent in different studies. Up to now,there are few reports about the relationship between meteorological factors and incidence of black point at home. The correlation between meteorological factors and incidence of black point,and modelsusing meteorological factors to forecast the incidence of black point should be studied with moderately susceptible wheat varieties/lines planted for several years.
引文
[1]El-Gremi S M,Draz I S,Youssef W A E.Biological control of pathogens associated with kernel black point disease of wheat[J].Crop Protection,2017,91:13-19.
[2]Hudec K,MuchováD.Correlation between black point symptoms and fungal infestation and seedling viability of wheat kernels[J].Plant Protecton Science,2008,44(4):138-146.
[3]李巧云,姜玉梅,宰曹宁,等.接菌时期与保湿时间对麦根腐平脐蠕孢小麦黑胚病的影响[J].河南农业,2017(2):51-52.
[4]Li Q Y,Qin Z,Jiang Y M,et al.Screening wheat genotypes for resistance to black point and the effects of diseased kernels on seed germination[J].Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection,2014,121(2):79-88.
[5]李巧云,尹钧,牛吉山,等.2010年郑州地区小麦黑胚率及黑胚粒发芽特性[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(10):88-91.
[6]Sisterna M N,Sarandón S J.Preliminary studies on the natural incidence of wheat black point under different fertilization levels and tillage systems in Argentina[J].Plant Pathology Journal,2005,4(1):26-28.
[7]Wiese M V.Compendium of wheat diseases[M].2nd ed.St Paul,Minnesota,USA:The American Phytopathological Society(APS Press),1987:112.
[8]王会伟,邢小萍,袁虹霞,等.栽培因子对小麦黑胚病发生的影响分析[J].河南科学,2006,24(2):230-232.
[9]Liu J,He Z,Wu L,et al.Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for black point reaction in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2016,129(11):2179-2190.
[10]Dey T K,Chowdhury N,Ayub A,et al.Black point of wheat occurrence,effect of fungicidal seed treatment on germination and quality characters[J].Bangladesh Journal of Botany,1992,21(1):27-32.
[11]梁晓龙,李巧云,牛吉山.小麦黑胚病籽粒黑变机制研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):1-6.
[12]娄振岭,张惠芳,马丽萍,等.食管癌高低发区有关粮食与食品中互隔交链孢霉毒素的测定[J].河南肿瘤学杂志,1995,8(4):251-253.
[13]Gauthier G M,Keller N P.Crossover fungal pathogens:The biology and pathogenesis of fungi capable of crossing kingdoms to infect plants and humans[J].Fungal Genetics and Biology,2013,61:146-157.
[14]Chaudhary R C,Aujla S S,Sharma I,et al.Effect of black point on germination and quality characters of WL-711[J].Indian Phytopathology,1984,37:351-353.
[15]苑森行,乔合心,杨玉景.小麦黑胚病发生规律及其防治研究[J].山西农业科学,1990(6):15-18.
[16]Williamson P M.Black point of wheat.In vitro production of symptoms,enzymes involved,and association with Alternaria alternata[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,48:13-19.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.小麦:GB 1351—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[18]Xu K G,Jiang Y M,Li Y K,et al.Identification and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens causing black point in wheat on the North China Plain[J].Indian Journal of Microbiology,2018,58(2):159-164.
[19]张天宇,王海丽,徐芳玲.小麦籽粒黑点病及其病原[J].植物保护学报,1990,17(4):313-316.
[20]李巧云,徐凯歌,牛吉山.小麦黑胚病抗性遗传研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):152-156.
[21]Kili9 H,Sagir A,Bayram Y.Estimates of genotype×environment interactions and heritability of black point in durum wheat[J].Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2009,1(1):92-96.
[22]Fernandez M R,Clarke J M,Depauw R M,et al.Black point reaction of durum and common wheat cultivars grown under irrigation in southern Saskatchewan[J].Plant Disease,2000,84(8):892-894.
[23]胡新,刘卫国,朱伟,等.小麦黑点病影响因素的研究[J].河南农业科学,2004,33(4):29-31.
[24]Conner R L,Carefoot J M,Bole J B,et al.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on black point incidence in soft white spring wheat[J].Plant and Soil,1992,140(1):41-47.
[25]Conner R L.Influence of irrigation timing on black point incidence in soft white spring wheat[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1990,12(1):38-42.
[26]Conner R L.Influence of irrigation and precipitation on incidence of black point in soft white spring wheat[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1989,11(4):388-392.
[27]宋玉立,何文兰,杨共强,等.我国小麦黑胚病研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2009,38(9):117-120.
[28]Conner R L,Kuzyk A D.Black point incidence in soft white spring wheat in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan[J].Canadian Plant Disease Survey,1988,68:27-31.
[29]Southwell R J,Brown J F,Wong P T W.Effect of inoculum density,stage of plant growth and dew period on the incidence of black point caused by Alternaria alternata in durum wheat[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1980,96(1):29-35.
[30]郑是琳,孙兰珍.小麦种子黑胚病发病规律研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1989,20(2):8-15.
[31]马洪茹,孙小平,宋彦涛,等.小麦黑胚病发生规律及防治措施初探[J].植保技术与推广,2003,23(4):13-15.
[32]Desclaux D.Environmental conditions inducing black-point symptoms in durum wheat[M]//Royo C,Nachit M,Di Fonzo N,et al.Durum wheat improvement in the Mediterranean region:New challenges.Zaragoza:CIHEAM,2000:501-503.
[33]Moschini R C,Sisterna M N,Carmona M A.Modelling of wheat black point incidence based on meteorological variables in the southern Argentinean Pampas region[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2006,57(11):1151-1156.
[34]Languasco L,Orsi C,Rossi V.Forecasting black point of wheat using meteorological and fungal isolation data[J].Danish Inst Plant Soil Sci,1993,7:203-209.
[35]雷晓英,韩仲宇,同延安,等.户县小麦赤霉病发病与气象条件关系研究[J].陕西气象,2017(1):31-36.
[36]徐云,高苹,缪燕,等.江苏省小麦赤霉病气象条件适宜度判别指标[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):188-192.
[37]王会伟.河南省小麦黑胚病预警与防治决策专家系统的开发[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[38]刘红彦,张忠山,何文兰.小麦黑点病的病原菌及其致病力研究[J].植物保护学报,1998,25(3):223-226.
[39]Ellis S A,Gooding M J,Thompson A J.Factors influencing the relative susceptibility of wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum L.)to black point[J].Crop Protection,1996,15(1):69-76.
[40]Wang H,Fernandez M R,Clarke F R,et al.Effects of foliar fungicides on kernel black point of wheat in southern Saskatchewan[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2002,24(3):287-293.
[2]Hudec K,MuchováD.Correlation between black point symptoms and fungal infestation and seedling viability of wheat kernels[J].Plant Protecton Science,2008,44(4):138-146.
[3]李巧云,姜玉梅,宰曹宁,等.接菌时期与保湿时间对麦根腐平脐蠕孢小麦黑胚病的影响[J].河南农业,2017(2):51-52.
[4]Li Q Y,Qin Z,Jiang Y M,et al.Screening wheat genotypes for resistance to black point and the effects of diseased kernels on seed germination[J].Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection,2014,121(2):79-88.
[5]李巧云,尹钧,牛吉山,等.2010年郑州地区小麦黑胚率及黑胚粒发芽特性[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(10):88-91.
[6]Sisterna M N,Sarandón S J.Preliminary studies on the natural incidence of wheat black point under different fertilization levels and tillage systems in Argentina[J].Plant Pathology Journal,2005,4(1):26-28.
[7]Wiese M V.Compendium of wheat diseases[M].2nd ed.St Paul,Minnesota,USA:The American Phytopathological Society(APS Press),1987:112.
[8]王会伟,邢小萍,袁虹霞,等.栽培因子对小麦黑胚病发生的影响分析[J].河南科学,2006,24(2):230-232.
[9]Liu J,He Z,Wu L,et al.Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for black point reaction in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2016,129(11):2179-2190.
[10]Dey T K,Chowdhury N,Ayub A,et al.Black point of wheat occurrence,effect of fungicidal seed treatment on germination and quality characters[J].Bangladesh Journal of Botany,1992,21(1):27-32.
[11]梁晓龙,李巧云,牛吉山.小麦黑胚病籽粒黑变机制研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):1-6.
[12]娄振岭,张惠芳,马丽萍,等.食管癌高低发区有关粮食与食品中互隔交链孢霉毒素的测定[J].河南肿瘤学杂志,1995,8(4):251-253.
[13]Gauthier G M,Keller N P.Crossover fungal pathogens:The biology and pathogenesis of fungi capable of crossing kingdoms to infect plants and humans[J].Fungal Genetics and Biology,2013,61:146-157.
[14]Chaudhary R C,Aujla S S,Sharma I,et al.Effect of black point on germination and quality characters of WL-711[J].Indian Phytopathology,1984,37:351-353.
[15]苑森行,乔合心,杨玉景.小麦黑胚病发生规律及其防治研究[J].山西农业科学,1990(6):15-18.
[16]Williamson P M.Black point of wheat.In vitro production of symptoms,enzymes involved,and association with Alternaria alternata[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,48:13-19.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.小麦:GB 1351—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[18]Xu K G,Jiang Y M,Li Y K,et al.Identification and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens causing black point in wheat on the North China Plain[J].Indian Journal of Microbiology,2018,58(2):159-164.
[19]张天宇,王海丽,徐芳玲.小麦籽粒黑点病及其病原[J].植物保护学报,1990,17(4):313-316.
[20]李巧云,徐凯歌,牛吉山.小麦黑胚病抗性遗传研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):152-156.
[21]Kili9 H,Sagir A,Bayram Y.Estimates of genotype×environment interactions and heritability of black point in durum wheat[J].Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2009,1(1):92-96.
[22]Fernandez M R,Clarke J M,Depauw R M,et al.Black point reaction of durum and common wheat cultivars grown under irrigation in southern Saskatchewan[J].Plant Disease,2000,84(8):892-894.
[23]胡新,刘卫国,朱伟,等.小麦黑点病影响因素的研究[J].河南农业科学,2004,33(4):29-31.
[24]Conner R L,Carefoot J M,Bole J B,et al.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on black point incidence in soft white spring wheat[J].Plant and Soil,1992,140(1):41-47.
[25]Conner R L.Influence of irrigation timing on black point incidence in soft white spring wheat[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1990,12(1):38-42.
[26]Conner R L.Influence of irrigation and precipitation on incidence of black point in soft white spring wheat[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1989,11(4):388-392.
[27]宋玉立,何文兰,杨共强,等.我国小麦黑胚病研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2009,38(9):117-120.
[28]Conner R L,Kuzyk A D.Black point incidence in soft white spring wheat in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan[J].Canadian Plant Disease Survey,1988,68:27-31.
[29]Southwell R J,Brown J F,Wong P T W.Effect of inoculum density,stage of plant growth and dew period on the incidence of black point caused by Alternaria alternata in durum wheat[J].Annals of Applied Biology,1980,96(1):29-35.
[30]郑是琳,孙兰珍.小麦种子黑胚病发病规律研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1989,20(2):8-15.
[31]马洪茹,孙小平,宋彦涛,等.小麦黑胚病发生规律及防治措施初探[J].植保技术与推广,2003,23(4):13-15.
[32]Desclaux D.Environmental conditions inducing black-point symptoms in durum wheat[M]//Royo C,Nachit M,Di Fonzo N,et al.Durum wheat improvement in the Mediterranean region:New challenges.Zaragoza:CIHEAM,2000:501-503.
[33]Moschini R C,Sisterna M N,Carmona M A.Modelling of wheat black point incidence based on meteorological variables in the southern Argentinean Pampas region[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2006,57(11):1151-1156.
[34]Languasco L,Orsi C,Rossi V.Forecasting black point of wheat using meteorological and fungal isolation data[J].Danish Inst Plant Soil Sci,1993,7:203-209.
[35]雷晓英,韩仲宇,同延安,等.户县小麦赤霉病发病与气象条件关系研究[J].陕西气象,2017(1):31-36.
[36]徐云,高苹,缪燕,等.江苏省小麦赤霉病气象条件适宜度判别指标[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):188-192.
[37]王会伟.河南省小麦黑胚病预警与防治决策专家系统的开发[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[38]刘红彦,张忠山,何文兰.小麦黑点病的病原菌及其致病力研究[J].植物保护学报,1998,25(3):223-226.
[39]Ellis S A,Gooding M J,Thompson A J.Factors influencing the relative susceptibility of wheat cultivars(Triticum aestivum L.)to black point[J].Crop Protection,1996,15(1):69-76.
[40]Wang H,Fernandez M R,Clarke F R,et al.Effects of foliar fungicides on kernel black point of wheat in southern Saskatchewan[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2002,24(3):287-293.