寒地水稻不同生育期类型品种精确定量施氮参数的研究
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摘要
[目的]明确不同生育期类型寒地水稻的精确定量施氮参数变化特点。[方法]以黑龙江省第三积温带主栽的中熟早粳(空育131、垦稻32)和中熟晚粳(垦稻24、垦稻30)2生育期类型品种为材料,设置2种施氮水平(0和260 kg/hm~2尿素),研究精确定量施氮3个参数的变化规律。[结果]不同生育期类型水稻品种的100 kg籽粒吸氮量相对比较稳定,不施氮情况下数值范围为1.81～1.85 kg,施氮量为260 kg/hm~2情况下数值范围为1.89～1.94 kg;土壤基础供氮量与各生育期类型水稻的生育期存在一定关系,随生育期的延长土壤基础供氮量呈增加趋势;施氮量在260 kg/hm~2情况下,氮肥利用率均在40%以上,且中熟晚粳的氮肥利用率明显高于中熟早粳,中熟早粳氮肥利用率范围为42.58%～44.30%,中熟晚粳氮肥利用率范围为45.21%～46.01%,且氮肥利用率与产量呈线性相关。[结论]精确定量施氮的参数变化具有一定的规律可循,农业生产过程中利用参数,运用斯坦福方程算取目标产量施氮量是可行的。
[Objective]To determine the changing characteristics of precise quantitative parameters of rice in cold region in different growth stage types.[Method]Medium-maturing early Japonica(Kongyu 131, Kendao 32)and medium-maturing late Japonica(Kendao 24 and Kendao 30)were taken as the research materials, which were mainly planted in the third accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province. Two levels of nitrogen application(0 and 260 kg/hm~2 urea) were set up to expose the change law of the three parameters of the precise and quantitative N application [Result]The N requirement for 100 kg rice grain with different growth stage types was relatively stable. The numerical value ranged from 1.81 to 1.85 kg without nitrogen application. Under 260 kg/hm~2 nitrogen application, the numerical range was 1.89-1.94 kg;there was a certain relationship between soil basic nitrogen supply and the growth stage of rice with different growth stages, and the soil basic nitrogen supply increased with the prolongation of growth stages;under 260 kg/hm~2 nitrogen application, the N use efficiency was above 40%, and the N use efficiency of medium-maturing late Japonica was higher than medium-maturing early Japonica, medium-maturing late Japonica was 42.58%-44.30% and medium-maturing early Japonica was 45.21%-46.01%, and the N use efficiency was linearly related to the yield. [Conclusion]The parameters of precise quantitative N fertilization have certain rules to follow, and it is feasible to use parameters and Stanford equation to calculate the target yield nitrogen application in the process of agricultural production.
[Objective]To determine the changing characteristics of precise quantitative parameters of rice in cold region in different growth stage types.[Method]Medium-maturing early Japonica(Kongyu 131, Kendao 32)and medium-maturing late Japonica(Kendao 24 and Kendao 30)were taken as the research materials, which were mainly planted in the third accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province. Two levels of nitrogen application(0 and 260 kg/hm~2 urea) were set up to expose the change law of the three parameters of the precise and quantitative N application [Result]The N requirement for 100 kg rice grain with different growth stage types was relatively stable. The numerical value ranged from 1.81 to 1.85 kg without nitrogen application. Under 260 kg/hm~2 nitrogen application, the numerical range was 1.89-1.94 kg;there was a certain relationship between soil basic nitrogen supply and the growth stage of rice with different growth stages, and the soil basic nitrogen supply increased with the prolongation of growth stages;under 260 kg/hm~2 nitrogen application, the N use efficiency was above 40%, and the N use efficiency of medium-maturing late Japonica was higher than medium-maturing early Japonica, medium-maturing late Japonica was 42.58%-44.30% and medium-maturing early Japonica was 45.21%-46.01%, and the N use efficiency was linearly related to the yield. [Conclusion]The parameters of precise quantitative N fertilization have certain rules to follow, and it is feasible to use parameters and Stanford equation to calculate the target yield nitrogen application in the process of agricultural production.
引文
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[2] 尹名济,贺立源,刘长寿.统合法营养诊断技术在小麦施肥上的应用[J].湖北农业科学,1983(10):16-21.
[3] 丰兆亭,王颖,宋培新.农作物测土配方施肥应用效果[J].现代化农业,2002(8):22-23.
[4] 白由路,杨俐苹.我国农业中的测土配方施肥[J].土壤肥料,2006(2):3-7.
[5] 刘立军,徐伟,徐国伟,等.水稻实地氮肥管理技术的节氮效果及其机理[J].江苏农业学报,2005,21(3):155-161.
[6] 刘荣杰.超级稻“甬优12”实地氮肥管理技术[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(1):48-52.
[7] 凌启鸿,张洪程,戴其根,等.水稻精确定量施氮研究[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(12):2457-2467.
[8] 刘艳阳.不同地力对水稻产量、品质及精确施氮参数影响的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2006.
[9] 缪桂红,石佑华,张居翠,等.2007年水稻宁粳1号精确配方施氮校正技术试验[J].现代农业科技,2008(11):201,203.
[10] 王维屯,徐宗进,李毅,等.东海县水稻高产定量施氮肥技术应用及效益分析[J].现代农业科技,2007(19):135.
[11] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:44-49.
[12] 殷春渊,张洪程,张庆,等.水稻不同生育期类型品种精确定量施氮参数的初步研究[J].作物学报,2010,36(8):1342-1354.
[13] 凌启鸿.水稻精确定量栽培原理与技术[J].杂交水稻,2010(S1):27-34.
[14] 殷春渊.水稻品种不同生育类型氮素吸收利用与精确定量施氮参数的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.
[15] 王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,等.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):292-304.
[16] 陈宇眺.栽培模式对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响及生理机制的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.