青贮微生物及其对青贮饲料有氧稳定性影响的研究进展
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摘要
在储藏和饲喂过程中,有氧变质和二次发酵对青贮饲料发酵品质和动物生产性能产生严重的影响。青贮原料表面附生的微生物在青贮发酵过程中具有重要作用,不同种类微生物在青贮发酵过程中的变化及其代谢产物影响着青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。本文主要综述了青贮发酵过程中微生物的种类及动态变化、相关微生物对青贮饲料有氧稳定性的影响,为优化发酵环境、研发新型优质微生物添加剂、提高青贮饲料的有氧稳定性提供科学依据。
During the storage and feeding processes,aerobic deterioration and secondary fermentation have a serious impact on the quality of silage and the performance of animal.Epiphytic microorganisms of silage materials play an important role during the silage fermentation processing.Changes of different types of microorganisms and their metabolites in the silage fermentation processing affect the aerobic stability of silage.This article discusses the species and theorical changes of microorganisms during the silage fermentation processing and the effects of related microorganisms on the aerobic stability of silage,and provides a scientific basis for optimizing the fermentation environment,developing new high-quality microbial additives,and improving the aerobic stability of silage.
During the storage and feeding processes,aerobic deterioration and secondary fermentation have a serious impact on the quality of silage and the performance of animal.Epiphytic microorganisms of silage materials play an important role during the silage fermentation processing.Changes of different types of microorganisms and their metabolites in the silage fermentation processing affect the aerobic stability of silage.This article discusses the species and theorical changes of microorganisms during the silage fermentation processing and the effects of related microorganisms on the aerobic stability of silage,and provides a scientific basis for optimizing the fermentation environment,developing new high-quality microbial additives,and improving the aerobic stability of silage.
引文
[1]LI M H,SHAN G L,ZHOU H Y,et al.CO2 production,dissolution and pressure dynamics during silage production:multi-sensor-based insight into parameter interactions[J].Scientific Reportsvolume,2017,7:14721.
[2]POWELL J M,BARROS T,DANES M,et al.Nitrogen use efficiencies to grow,feed,and recycle manure from the major diet components fed to dairy cows in the USA[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2017,239:274-282.
[3]MACDO A J D S,SANTOS E,OLIVEIRA J D E,e t al.Microbiology of silages:literature review[J/OL].Revista Electronica de Veterinaria,2018,18(9).http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n090917/091764.pdf.
[4]TENNANT R K,SAMBLES C M,DIFFEY G E,et al.Metagenomic analysis of silage[J].Journal of Visualized Experiments,2017(119):e54936.
[5]YUAN X,WEN A,DONG Z W,et al.Effects of formic acid and potassium diformate on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage[J].Grass and Forage Science,2017.doi:10.1111/gfs.12296.
[6]倪奎奎.全株水稻青贮饲料中微生物菌群以及发酵品质分析[D].博士学位论文.郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[7]RAO Y,QIAN Y,SHE X,et al.Pellicle formation,microbial succession and lactic acid utilisation during the aerobic deteriorating process of Sichuan pickle[J].International Journal of Food Science&Technology,2018,53(3):767-775.
[8]杨文琦,龙宣杞,崔卫东.玉米青贮中细菌多样性分析[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(8):1424-1433.
[9]许冬梅,张萍,柯文灿,等.青贮微生物及其对青贮饲料发酵品质影响的研究进展[J].草地学报,2017,25(3):460-465.
[10]KASMAEI K M,DICKSVED J,SPRNDLY R,et al.Separating the effects of forage source and field microbiota on silage fermentation quality and aerobic stability[J].Grass and Forage Science,2017,72(2):281-289.
[11]DUNIRE L,SINDOU J,CHAUCHEYRAS-DURANDF,et al.Silage processing and strategies to prevent persistence of undesirable microorganisms[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,182(1/2/3/4):1-15.
[12]GHARECHAHI J,KHARAZIAN Z A,SARIKHANS,et al.The dynamics of the bacterial communities developed in maize silage[J].Microbial Biotechnology,2017,10(6):1663-1676.
[13]陶莲,刁其玉.青贮发酵对玉米秸秆品质及菌群构成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(1):198-207.
[14]韩吉雨.青贮发酵体系中乳酸菌多样性的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[15]WANG M S,YANG C H,JIA L J,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of whipgrass silage in laboratory silos[J].Grassland Science,2015,60(4):233-239.
[16]GANDRA J R,OLIVEIRA E R,DE SENA GANDRAE R,et al.Inoculation of Lactobacillus buchneri alone or with Bacillus subtilis and total losses,aerobic stability,and microbiological quality of sunflower silage[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2016,45(1):609-614.
[17]JIN L,DUNIERE L,LYNCH J P,et al.Impact of ferulic acid esterase producing lactobacilli and fibrolytic enzymes on conservation characteristics,aerobic stability and fiber degradability of barley silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,207:62-74.
[18]DAUGHTRY K V,JOHANNINGSMEIER S D,SANOZKY-DAWES R,et al.Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Lactobacillus buchneri strains isolated from spoiled,fermented cucumber[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2018,280:46-56.
[19]ZIELIN'SKA K,FABISZEWSKA A,S'WIATEK M,et al.Evaluation of the ability to metabolize 1,2-propanediol by heterofermentative bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus[J].Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,2017,26:60-63.
[20]REIS C B,DE OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS A,CARVALHOB F,et al.Wild Lactobacillus hilgardii(CCMA0170)strain modifies the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2017,46(1):632-638.
[21]VILA C L S,CARVALHO B F,PINTO J C,et al.The use of Lactobacillus species as starter cultures for enhancing the quality of sugar cane silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(2):940-951.
[22]POLUKIS S A,SMITH M L,SAVAGE R,et al.The effect of two microbial inoculants on the aerobic stability of high-moisture corn[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Suppl.5):324.
[23]WEINBERG Z G,MUCK R E.New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2010,19(1):53-68.
[24]XU Z S,HE H Y,ZHANG S S,et al.Effects of inoculants Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus parafarraginis on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of corn stover silage[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:13614.
[25]LIU Q H,LINDOW S E,ZHANG J G.Lactobacillus parafarraginis ZH1 producing anti-yeast substances to improve the aerobic stability of silage[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,117(2):405-416.
[26]BROBERG A,JACOBSSON K,STRM K,et al.Metabolite profiles of lactic acid bacteria in grass silage[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(17):5547-5552.
[27]AMADO I R,FUCIOS C,FAJARDO P,et al.Pediocin SA-1:a selective bacteriocin for controlling Listeria monocytogenes in maize silages[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(10):8070-8080.
[28]MARCIAKOVM,LAUKOVA A,SIMONOVM P,et al.A new probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 and its use in grass ensiling[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2008,53(8):336-345.
[29]GANZORIG O,SUMISA F,BATDORJ B,et al.Isolation and identification of new lactic acid bacteria with potent biological activity and yeasts in airag,a traditional Mongolian fermented beverage[J].Food Science and Technology Research,2016,22(5):575-582.
[30]PARVIN S,WANG C,LI Y,et al.Effects of inoculation with lactic acid bacteria on the bacterial communities of Italian ryegrass,whole crop maize,guinea grass and rhodes grass silages[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,160(3/4):160-166.
[31]LARA E C,BASSO F C,DE ASSIS F B,et al.Changes in the nutritive value and aerobic stability of corn silages inoculated with Bacillus subtilis alone or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum[J].Animal Production Science,2015,56(11).doi:10.1071/AN14686.
[32]GANDRA J R,OLIVEIRA E R,TAKIYA C S,et al.Chitosan improves the chemical composition,microbiological quality,and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,214:44-52.
[33]ZACHARY S.Effects of forage preservation methods,dietary starch amount and supplementation with Propionibacterium freudenreichii strain P169 on transition cow health and production,and ketosis prediction tools[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota,2015.
[34]PAHLOW G,MUCK R E,DRIEHUIS F,et al.Microbiology of ensiling[M]//BUXTON D R,MUCK RE,HARRISON J H.Silage science and technology.Wisconsin:American Society of Agronomy,2003,42:31-94.
[35]WOOLFORD M K.The detrimental effects of air on silage[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,1990,68(2):101-116.
[36]WANG H L,WEI H,NING T T,et al.Characterization of culturable yeast species associating with whole crop corn and total mixed ration silage[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,31(2):198-207.
[37]CARVALHO B F,VILA C L S,MIGUEL M G CP,et al.Aerobic stability of sugar-cane silage inoculated with tropical strains of lactic acid bacteria[J].Grass and Forage Science,2015,70(2):308-323.
[38]HAO W,WANG H L,NING T T,et al.Aerobic stability and effects of yeasts during deterioration of nonfermented and fermented total mixed ration with different moisture levels[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(6):816-826.
[39]SAVAGE R M,WINDLE M C,JOHANNINGSMEIERS D,et al.The effects of strains of yeasts or Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation,production of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Dairy Science,2014,97:537-538.
[40]DANIEL J L P,CHECOLLI M,ZWIELEHNER J,et al.The effects of Lactobacillus kefiri and L.brevis on the fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,205:69-74.
[41]WILKINSON J M,DAVIES D R.The aerobic stability of silage:key findings and recent developments[J].Grass&Forage Science,2013,68(1):1-19.
[42]OLSTORPE M,JENNY B,JOHAN S,et al.Pichia anomala yeast improves feed hygiene during storage of moist crimped barley grain under Swedish farm conditions[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,156(1/2):47-56.
[43]SCHNRER J,JONSSON A.Pichia anomala J121:a30-year overnight near success biopreservation story[J].Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2011,99(1):5-12.
[44]ORSI R B,CORRA B,POSSI C R,et al.Mycoflora and occurrence of fumonisins in freshly harvested and stored hybrid maize.[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2000,36(1):75-87.
[45]张大伟,陈林海,朱海霞,等.青贮饲料中主要微生物对青贮品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2007(3):65-68.
[46]JATKAUSKAS J,VROTNIAKIENE V.Evaluation of fermentation parameters,microbiological composition and aerobic stability of grass and whole crop maize silages treated with microbial inoculants[J].ZemdirbysteAgriculture,2013,100(2):143-150.
[47]VUKMIROVIC'D M,PALIN'D V,NˇOLOVIN'R R,et al.The influence of bonsilage forte on fermentation and aerobic stability during alfalfa ensiling[J].Food&Feed Research,2011,56(1):15-23.
[2]POWELL J M,BARROS T,DANES M,et al.Nitrogen use efficiencies to grow,feed,and recycle manure from the major diet components fed to dairy cows in the USA[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2017,239:274-282.
[3]MACDO A J D S,SANTOS E,OLIVEIRA J D E,e t al.Microbiology of silages:literature review[J/OL].Revista Electronica de Veterinaria,2018,18(9).http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n090917/091764.pdf.
[4]TENNANT R K,SAMBLES C M,DIFFEY G E,et al.Metagenomic analysis of silage[J].Journal of Visualized Experiments,2017(119):e54936.
[5]YUAN X,WEN A,DONG Z W,et al.Effects of formic acid and potassium diformate on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage[J].Grass and Forage Science,2017.doi:10.1111/gfs.12296.
[6]倪奎奎.全株水稻青贮饲料中微生物菌群以及发酵品质分析[D].博士学位论文.郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[7]RAO Y,QIAN Y,SHE X,et al.Pellicle formation,microbial succession and lactic acid utilisation during the aerobic deteriorating process of Sichuan pickle[J].International Journal of Food Science&Technology,2018,53(3):767-775.
[8]杨文琦,龙宣杞,崔卫东.玉米青贮中细菌多样性分析[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(8):1424-1433.
[9]许冬梅,张萍,柯文灿,等.青贮微生物及其对青贮饲料发酵品质影响的研究进展[J].草地学报,2017,25(3):460-465.
[10]KASMAEI K M,DICKSVED J,SPRNDLY R,et al.Separating the effects of forage source and field microbiota on silage fermentation quality and aerobic stability[J].Grass and Forage Science,2017,72(2):281-289.
[11]DUNIRE L,SINDOU J,CHAUCHEYRAS-DURANDF,et al.Silage processing and strategies to prevent persistence of undesirable microorganisms[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,182(1/2/3/4):1-15.
[12]GHARECHAHI J,KHARAZIAN Z A,SARIKHANS,et al.The dynamics of the bacterial communities developed in maize silage[J].Microbial Biotechnology,2017,10(6):1663-1676.
[13]陶莲,刁其玉.青贮发酵对玉米秸秆品质及菌群构成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(1):198-207.
[14]韩吉雨.青贮发酵体系中乳酸菌多样性的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[15]WANG M S,YANG C H,JIA L J,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of whipgrass silage in laboratory silos[J].Grassland Science,2015,60(4):233-239.
[16]GANDRA J R,OLIVEIRA E R,DE SENA GANDRAE R,et al.Inoculation of Lactobacillus buchneri alone or with Bacillus subtilis and total losses,aerobic stability,and microbiological quality of sunflower silage[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2016,45(1):609-614.
[17]JIN L,DUNIERE L,LYNCH J P,et al.Impact of ferulic acid esterase producing lactobacilli and fibrolytic enzymes on conservation characteristics,aerobic stability and fiber degradability of barley silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,207:62-74.
[18]DAUGHTRY K V,JOHANNINGSMEIER S D,SANOZKY-DAWES R,et al.Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Lactobacillus buchneri strains isolated from spoiled,fermented cucumber[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2018,280:46-56.
[19]ZIELIN'SKA K,FABISZEWSKA A,S'WIATEK M,et al.Evaluation of the ability to metabolize 1,2-propanediol by heterofermentative bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus[J].Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,2017,26:60-63.
[20]REIS C B,DE OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS A,CARVALHOB F,et al.Wild Lactobacillus hilgardii(CCMA0170)strain modifies the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2017,46(1):632-638.
[21]VILA C L S,CARVALHO B F,PINTO J C,et al.The use of Lactobacillus species as starter cultures for enhancing the quality of sugar cane silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(2):940-951.
[22]POLUKIS S A,SMITH M L,SAVAGE R,et al.The effect of two microbial inoculants on the aerobic stability of high-moisture corn[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Suppl.5):324.
[23]WEINBERG Z G,MUCK R E.New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2010,19(1):53-68.
[24]XU Z S,HE H Y,ZHANG S S,et al.Effects of inoculants Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus parafarraginis on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of corn stover silage[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:13614.
[25]LIU Q H,LINDOW S E,ZHANG J G.Lactobacillus parafarraginis ZH1 producing anti-yeast substances to improve the aerobic stability of silage[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,117(2):405-416.
[26]BROBERG A,JACOBSSON K,STRM K,et al.Metabolite profiles of lactic acid bacteria in grass silage[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(17):5547-5552.
[27]AMADO I R,FUCIOS C,FAJARDO P,et al.Pediocin SA-1:a selective bacteriocin for controlling Listeria monocytogenes in maize silages[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(10):8070-8080.
[28]MARCIAKOVM,LAUKOVA A,SIMONOVM P,et al.A new probiotic and bacteriocin-producing strain of Enterococcus faecium EF9296 and its use in grass ensiling[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2008,53(8):336-345.
[29]GANZORIG O,SUMISA F,BATDORJ B,et al.Isolation and identification of new lactic acid bacteria with potent biological activity and yeasts in airag,a traditional Mongolian fermented beverage[J].Food Science and Technology Research,2016,22(5):575-582.
[30]PARVIN S,WANG C,LI Y,et al.Effects of inoculation with lactic acid bacteria on the bacterial communities of Italian ryegrass,whole crop maize,guinea grass and rhodes grass silages[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,160(3/4):160-166.
[31]LARA E C,BASSO F C,DE ASSIS F B,et al.Changes in the nutritive value and aerobic stability of corn silages inoculated with Bacillus subtilis alone or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum[J].Animal Production Science,2015,56(11).doi:10.1071/AN14686.
[32]GANDRA J R,OLIVEIRA E R,TAKIYA C S,et al.Chitosan improves the chemical composition,microbiological quality,and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,214:44-52.
[33]ZACHARY S.Effects of forage preservation methods,dietary starch amount and supplementation with Propionibacterium freudenreichii strain P169 on transition cow health and production,and ketosis prediction tools[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota,2015.
[34]PAHLOW G,MUCK R E,DRIEHUIS F,et al.Microbiology of ensiling[M]//BUXTON D R,MUCK RE,HARRISON J H.Silage science and technology.Wisconsin:American Society of Agronomy,2003,42:31-94.
[35]WOOLFORD M K.The detrimental effects of air on silage[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,1990,68(2):101-116.
[36]WANG H L,WEI H,NING T T,et al.Characterization of culturable yeast species associating with whole crop corn and total mixed ration silage[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,31(2):198-207.
[37]CARVALHO B F,VILA C L S,MIGUEL M G CP,et al.Aerobic stability of sugar-cane silage inoculated with tropical strains of lactic acid bacteria[J].Grass and Forage Science,2015,70(2):308-323.
[38]HAO W,WANG H L,NING T T,et al.Aerobic stability and effects of yeasts during deterioration of nonfermented and fermented total mixed ration with different moisture levels[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(6):816-826.
[39]SAVAGE R M,WINDLE M C,JOHANNINGSMEIERS D,et al.The effects of strains of yeasts or Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation,production of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and aerobic stability of corn silage[J].Dairy Science,2014,97:537-538.
[40]DANIEL J L P,CHECOLLI M,ZWIELEHNER J,et al.The effects of Lactobacillus kefiri and L.brevis on the fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,205:69-74.
[41]WILKINSON J M,DAVIES D R.The aerobic stability of silage:key findings and recent developments[J].Grass&Forage Science,2013,68(1):1-19.
[42]OLSTORPE M,JENNY B,JOHAN S,et al.Pichia anomala yeast improves feed hygiene during storage of moist crimped barley grain under Swedish farm conditions[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,156(1/2):47-56.
[43]SCHNRER J,JONSSON A.Pichia anomala J121:a30-year overnight near success biopreservation story[J].Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2011,99(1):5-12.
[44]ORSI R B,CORRA B,POSSI C R,et al.Mycoflora and occurrence of fumonisins in freshly harvested and stored hybrid maize.[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2000,36(1):75-87.
[45]张大伟,陈林海,朱海霞,等.青贮饲料中主要微生物对青贮品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2007(3):65-68.
[46]JATKAUSKAS J,VROTNIAKIENE V.Evaluation of fermentation parameters,microbiological composition and aerobic stability of grass and whole crop maize silages treated with microbial inoculants[J].ZemdirbysteAgriculture,2013,100(2):143-150.
[47]VUKMIROVIC'D M,PALIN'D V,NˇOLOVIN'R R,et al.The influence of bonsilage forte on fermentation and aerobic stability during alfalfa ensiling[J].Food&Feed Research,2011,56(1):15-23.