低钾胁迫对不同品种冬小麦植株元素累积和生物学性状的影响
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摘要
为挖掘小麦自身的耐钾潜力,使其适应缺钾的环境,以河北省20个冬小麦品种为材料,通过小麦苗期水培试验方法,研究了低钾胁迫对冬小麦元素累积和生物学性状的影响。结果表明:低钾胁迫条件下,冬小麦氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜、锌含量及单株累积量与正常钾相比呈降低趋势,其中钾素的地上部、根部含量及植株钾素积量变化最大,分别为217.80%、147.20%、233.41%;地上部和根部钙、镁、钠含量呈升高趋势,分别上升了32.92%、57.88%,19.72%、31.25%,34.07%、31.96%,单株累积量则无明显规律性变化;叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量分别上升了16.40%、30.37%、19.87%、44.45%;各形态指标(叶长、叶宽、叶面积、株高、总根长、根总表面积、根平均直径、根体积)及干重与正常钾相比均呈降低趋势,根冠比则升高了9.92%。
In order to exploit the potential of potassium tolerance of wheat, making it adapt to the environment of potassium deficiency, 20 winter wheat cultivars in Hebei Province were used as materials in this research. The effects of low potassium stress on elemental accumulation and biological properties of wheat at seedling stage were studied by hydroponic method. The results showed that under low potassium stress, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the cumulative amount of theses elements in single plant of winter wheat decreased compared to that of normal potassium treatment; potassium has the maximum changes, and the aboveground potassium, root potassium and single-plant accumulation decreased by 217.80%, 147.20%, and 233.41%, respectively;The contents of calcium, magnesium and sodium in aboveground part and root all increased, the increased rates of which were 32.92% and 57.88%, 19.72% and 31.25%, 34.07% and 31.96%, respectively, and there was no obvious regular change in the cumulative amount of these elements in the plants. SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves and MDA content increased by 16.40%, 30.37%, 19.87%, and 44.45%, respectively. Various morphological indicators(leaf length,leaf width, leaf area, plant height, total root length, total root surface area, root mean diameter, root volume) and the dry weight decreased compared with that of normal potassium treatment, while the root-shoot ratio increased by 9.92%.
In order to exploit the potential of potassium tolerance of wheat, making it adapt to the environment of potassium deficiency, 20 winter wheat cultivars in Hebei Province were used as materials in this research. The effects of low potassium stress on elemental accumulation and biological properties of wheat at seedling stage were studied by hydroponic method. The results showed that under low potassium stress, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the cumulative amount of theses elements in single plant of winter wheat decreased compared to that of normal potassium treatment; potassium has the maximum changes, and the aboveground potassium, root potassium and single-plant accumulation decreased by 217.80%, 147.20%, and 233.41%, respectively;The contents of calcium, magnesium and sodium in aboveground part and root all increased, the increased rates of which were 32.92% and 57.88%, 19.72% and 31.25%, 34.07% and 31.96%, respectively, and there was no obvious regular change in the cumulative amount of these elements in the plants. SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves and MDA content increased by 16.40%, 30.37%, 19.87%, and 44.45%, respectively. Various morphological indicators(leaf length,leaf width, leaf area, plant height, total root length, total root surface area, root mean diameter, root volume) and the dry weight decreased compared with that of normal potassium treatment, while the root-shoot ratio increased by 9.92%.
引文
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[25]周颖.耐低磷低钾甜、糯玉米品种筛选及其机理研究[D].广州:广东海洋大学,2016.
[26]高洋,郑桂萍,钱永德,等.镁钾不同配比施用对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(2):16-18.
[27]张彦才,周晓芬,李巧云,等.钠替代部分钾对棉花生长和养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):115-120.
[28]韩金玲,李雁鸣,马春英,等.施锌对小麦开花后氮、磷、钾、锌积累和运转的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):313-320.
[29]罗黄颖.三种外源物质对盐胁迫下番茄活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[30]Miao B H,Han X G,Zhang W H.The ameliorative effect of silicon on soybean seedlings grown in potassiumdeficient medium[J].Ann Bot,2010,105:967-970.
[31]李凯龙,王艺潼,韩晓雪,等.低钾胁迫对番茄叶片活性氧及抗氧化酶系的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,3(1):66-73.
[32]刘芳,林李华,张立丹,等.缺钾对香蕉苗期地上部、根系生长及氮磷钾吸收的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2018,39(2):47-53.
[33]Rengel Z,Damon P.Crops and genotypes differ in efficiency of potassium uptake and use[J].Physiol Plant,2008,133:624-636.
[34]袁亚培.低钾对小麦钾钙镁营养性状的影响及QTL分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[2]Ahmad I,Maathuis F M.Cellular and tissue distribution of potassium:physiological relevance,mechanisms and regulation[J].Plant Phosiol,2014,171(9):708-714.
[3]Benito B,Haro R,Amtmann A,et al.The twins K+and Na+in plants[J].Plant Physiol,2014,171(9):723-731.
[4]Xu H X.Characteristics of photosynthesis and functions of the water-water cycle in rice(Oryza sativa)leaves in response to potassium deficiency[J].Physiologia Plant,2010,131(4):614-621.
[5]Christian Z?rb,Mehmet Senbayram,Edgar P.Potassium in agriculture-Status and perspectives[J].J Plant Physiol,2014,171(9):656-669.
[6]鲁如坤.我国土壤氮磷钾的基本状况[J].土壤学报,1989,26(3):280-286.
[7]李晓云,赵勇,王杰,等.不同小麦品系耐低钾性的综合评价[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(6):842-846.
[8]Tan D S,Tin J Y,Jiang L H,et al.Potassium assessment of grain producing soils in North China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2012,148(4):65-71.
[9]刘会玲,陈亚恒,段毅力,等.土壤钾素研究进展[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(增):66-68..
[10]徐明岗,梁国庆,张夫道.中国土壤肥力演变[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2006.
[11]文菀玉,王凯荣,谢小立.红壤稻田不同施肥制度对土壤钾平衡和水稻产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(3):41-44.
[12]王栋,冯明伟,李慧英.中国钾盐资源发展现状及建议[J].中国矿业,2017,26(增):5-9.
[13]李萌,刘正阳,王建平,等.我国钾盐资源现状分析及可持续发展建议[J].中国矿业,2016,25(9):1-7.
[14]李庆逵,朱兆良,于天仁.中国农业持续发展中的肥料问题[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,1998.
[15]雷晶,郝艳淑,王典,等.钠钾替代对不同基因型棉花钾利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):962-968.
[16]杨曾平,聂军,谢坚,等.叶面喷施钾肥对缺钾稻田晚稻产量及钾肥利用效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):7-13.
[17]Hoagland D H,Arnon D I.The water-culture method for growing plants without soil[J].Calif Agric Exp.Stn Circ,1950,347(5406):357-359.
[18]邹春琴,李振声,李继云.小麦对钾高效吸收的根系形态学和生理学特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):36-43.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]陈展宇,张治安.植物生理学实验技术[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2008.
[21]陈建勋,王晓峰.植物生理学实验指导[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002.
[22]高俊凤,植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[23]徐仲,郝再斌,苍晶,等.植物生理实验[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004.
[24]于振文,梁晓芳,李延奇,等.施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(1):69-74.
[25]周颖.耐低磷低钾甜、糯玉米品种筛选及其机理研究[D].广州:广东海洋大学,2016.
[26]高洋,郑桂萍,钱永德,等.镁钾不同配比施用对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(2):16-18.
[27]张彦才,周晓芬,李巧云,等.钠替代部分钾对棉花生长和养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):115-120.
[28]韩金玲,李雁鸣,马春英,等.施锌对小麦开花后氮、磷、钾、锌积累和运转的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):313-320.
[29]罗黄颖.三种外源物质对盐胁迫下番茄活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[30]Miao B H,Han X G,Zhang W H.The ameliorative effect of silicon on soybean seedlings grown in potassiumdeficient medium[J].Ann Bot,2010,105:967-970.
[31]李凯龙,王艺潼,韩晓雪,等.低钾胁迫对番茄叶片活性氧及抗氧化酶系的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,3(1):66-73.
[32]刘芳,林李华,张立丹,等.缺钾对香蕉苗期地上部、根系生长及氮磷钾吸收的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2018,39(2):47-53.
[33]Rengel Z,Damon P.Crops and genotypes differ in efficiency of potassium uptake and use[J].Physiol Plant,2008,133:624-636.
[34]袁亚培.低钾对小麦钾钙镁营养性状的影响及QTL分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.