快速发展的中小城市地表热环境及水体温度调控作用研究——以山东省滨州市为例
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摘要
[目的]调查研究山东省滨州市城区的地表热环境和水体对温度的调节作用及影响因素,为城市水体布局规划提供科学依据。[方法]利用2009,2014年的Landsat影像,使用单窗算法反演地表温度并进行归一化以分析不同用地类型地表温度分布特征,通过在温度测线上布设温度点的方法和水体特征统计,分析水体对温度的调节作用及影响因素。[结果](1)夏季地表温度表现为:建筑用地>耕地>林地>水体,冬季耕地>林地>建筑用地>水体,夏冬季平均热等级表现为:建筑用地>耕地>林地>水体。(2)水体温度调节作用与距离表现出较强的非线性关系。(3)大面积水体有更好的降温效果;在面积相同的条件下,多个小面积水体将比单一大面积水体有更大的温度调节面积。(4)水体周边非建筑用地比例增加会提高水体降温影响范围。(5)水体面积较小时,周长面积比越小,则水体降温影响范围越大。[结论]滨州市城区水体的温度调节作用与距离表现出较强的非线性关系,并受到水体面积、边界复杂性和周围用地构成的影响。
[Objective]This study investigated the surface thermal environment and water temperature regulation of Binzhou City,and its influencing factors as well,and to provide scientific basis for urban layout planning of water.[Methods]Using Landsat image of 2009 and 2014 years,Mono-Window Algorithm was used to reverse the surface temperature and to analyze the surface temperature distribution characteristics of different land types,and to analyze the regulation effect and the influencing factors of water body temperature by laying temperature points on the temperature line and the water characteristic statistics.[Results](1) In summer and winter,building land had the highest temperature than cultivated land,woodland and water body had in terms of the average thermal grade.(2) The temperature regulation effect by waterbody showed strong non-linear relation with the distance from it.(3) Large area water body was observed having better cooling effect.As water area is the same,temperature regulated area by small but many water bodies was larger than that of single large water bodies had.(4) The proportional increase of non-building land aroundthe water body increased the range of water cooling.(5) A small water body having longer circumference as compared with the large one,and the range of water cooling is proportionally greater.[Conclusion]The relationship between temperature regulation function and distance of Binzhou water body showed a strong non-linear relationship.The cool effect was affected by the proportion of water body,the complexity of boundary and the surrounding land.
[Objective]This study investigated the surface thermal environment and water temperature regulation of Binzhou City,and its influencing factors as well,and to provide scientific basis for urban layout planning of water.[Methods]Using Landsat image of 2009 and 2014 years,Mono-Window Algorithm was used to reverse the surface temperature and to analyze the surface temperature distribution characteristics of different land types,and to analyze the regulation effect and the influencing factors of water body temperature by laying temperature points on the temperature line and the water characteristic statistics.[Results](1) In summer and winter,building land had the highest temperature than cultivated land,woodland and water body had in terms of the average thermal grade.(2) The temperature regulation effect by waterbody showed strong non-linear relation with the distance from it.(3) Large area water body was observed having better cooling effect.As water area is the same,temperature regulated area by small but many water bodies was larger than that of single large water bodies had.(4) The proportional increase of non-building land aroundthe water body increased the range of water cooling.(5) A small water body having longer circumference as compared with the large one,and the range of water cooling is proportionally greater.[Conclusion]The relationship between temperature regulation function and distance of Binzhou water body showed a strong non-linear relationship.The cool effect was affected by the proportion of water body,the complexity of boundary and the surrounding land.
引文
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[12]张春玲,余华,宫鹏,等.基于遥感的土地利用空间格局分布与地表温度的关系[J].遥感技术与应用,2008,23(4):378-384.
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[14]苏泳娴,黄光庆,陈修治,等.广州市城区公园对周边环境的降温效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):4905-4918.
[15]徐丽华,岳文泽.城市公园景观的热环境效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1702-1710.
[16]吴菲,朱春阳,李树华.北京市6种下垫面不同季节温湿度变化特征[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(1):207-213.
[17]徐祥德.城市大气环境观测工程技术与原理[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[18]王欣,卞林根,逯昌贵.北京市秋季城区和郊区大气边界层参数观测分析[J].气候与环境研究,2003,8(4):475-484.
[19]刘勇洪,轩春怡,权维俊.基于卫星资料的北京陆表水体的热环境效应分析[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):73-81.
[20]李晓明,常庆瑞,张仁慧.农牧交错地带土地利用分层分类方法研究:以靖边县为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):237-240.
[21]冯晓刚,石辉.基于遥感的夏季西安城市公园“冷效应”研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7355-7363.
[2]张小飞,王仰麟,吴健生,等.城市地域地表温度—植被覆盖定量关系分析:以深圳市为例[J].地理研究,2006,25(3):369-377.
[3]Song Juer,Du Shihong,Feng Xin.,et al.The relationships between landscape compositions and land surface temperature:Quantifying their resolution sensitivity with spatial regression models[J].Landscape&Urban Planning.2014,123(1):145-157.
[4]Sun Ranhao.How can urban water bodies be designed for climate adaptation[J].Landscape&Urban Planning.2012,105(1/2):27-33.
[5]马安青,马冰然,张震,等.1990—2010年青岛地区热环境与土地利用变化的时空关系[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):182-187.
[6]刘培,杜培军,赵卫常,等.基于多时相遥感影像分析的城市土地利用/覆盖变化与热环境演变:以徐州市为例[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(1):45-50.
[7]丁凤,徐涵秋.TM热波段图像的地表温度反演算法与试验分析[J].地球信息科学,2006,8(3):125-130.
[8]蒋大林,匡鸿海,曹晓峰,等.基于Landsat8的地表温度反演算法研究:以滇池流域为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(3):448-454.
[9]毛文婷,王旭红,祝明英,等.城市地表温度反演及其与下垫面定量关系分析:以西安市为例[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015(5):708-714.
[10]覃志豪,Zhang Minghua,Arnon K,等.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):456-466.
[11]覃志豪,Li Wenjuan,Zhang Minghua,等.单窗算法的大气参数估计方法[J].国土资源遥感,2003,15(2):37-43.
[12]张春玲,余华,宫鹏,等.基于遥感的土地利用空间格局分布与地表温度的关系[J].遥感技术与应用,2008,23(4):378-384.
[13]Schneider K,Mauser W.Processing and accuracy of Landsat Thematic Mapper data for lake surface temperature measurement[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(11):2027-2041.
[14]苏泳娴,黄光庆,陈修治,等.广州市城区公园对周边环境的降温效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):4905-4918.
[15]徐丽华,岳文泽.城市公园景观的热环境效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1702-1710.
[16]吴菲,朱春阳,李树华.北京市6种下垫面不同季节温湿度变化特征[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(1):207-213.
[17]徐祥德.城市大气环境观测工程技术与原理[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[18]王欣,卞林根,逯昌贵.北京市秋季城区和郊区大气边界层参数观测分析[J].气候与环境研究,2003,8(4):475-484.
[19]刘勇洪,轩春怡,权维俊.基于卫星资料的北京陆表水体的热环境效应分析[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):73-81.
[20]李晓明,常庆瑞,张仁慧.农牧交错地带土地利用分层分类方法研究:以靖边县为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):237-240.
[21]冯晓刚,石辉.基于遥感的夏季西安城市公园“冷效应”研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7355-7363.