拉枝角度对库尔勒香梨枝叶生长及果实品质的影响
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摘要
探讨省力密植栽培模式下库尔勒香梨枝条适宜的拉技角度,研究不同拉技角度(60°~75°、75°~90°、90°~105°、105°~120°)对香梨叶片营养物质含量、枝类特性和果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同拉枝角度处理均使叶片单叶鲜重、单叶干重、单叶面积和单叶厚度增加,60°~105°的拉枝处理使叶片叶绿素总量显著增加,拉枝75°~90°时,叶片氮素营养和钾素营养含量最高。不同拉枝角度处理均使香梨树的长果枝比例减小,中、短果枝比例增加,拉枝角度为75°~90°时,枝条抽生中、短果枝的比例高于其他处理。拉枝角度为75°~90°时,果实硬度、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、蛋白质、维生素C和石细胞含量等指标要优于其他处理,且果实单果质量最大。综合分析认为,库尔勒香梨省力密植栽培模式下树体适宜的拉枝角度为75°~90°。
In order to select the suitable angles of branch bending for labor-saving and high-density cultivation of Korla fragrant pear tree,different bending angles were set up:60°-75°,75°-90°,90°-105°,105°-120° to study its effects on the leaf nutrients,branch characters and fruit quality.The results showed that the branch bending could improve single leaf fresh weight,dry weight,area,and thickness.The chlorophyll content significantly increased when the branch angles were 60°-105°.Leaf potassium and nitrogen contents were the highest when the branch angles were 75°-90°.The ratio of long branches decreased and the ratios of middle and short branch increased after bending.The ratios of middle and short branches were higher than those of other angles when the bending angles were 75°-90°.When the angles were 75°-90°,the fruit firmness,soluble sugars content,titratable acidity content,protein content,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C content and stone cell content were superior to other treatments,and the single fruit weight was the highest.Comprehensively considering the above indexes,the preferable branch bending angles for the pear were 75°-90°under dense system.
In order to select the suitable angles of branch bending for labor-saving and high-density cultivation of Korla fragrant pear tree,different bending angles were set up:60°-75°,75°-90°,90°-105°,105°-120° to study its effects on the leaf nutrients,branch characters and fruit quality.The results showed that the branch bending could improve single leaf fresh weight,dry weight,area,and thickness.The chlorophyll content significantly increased when the branch angles were 60°-105°.Leaf potassium and nitrogen contents were the highest when the branch angles were 75°-90°.The ratio of long branches decreased and the ratios of middle and short branch increased after bending.The ratios of middle and short branches were higher than those of other angles when the bending angles were 75°-90°.When the angles were 75°-90°,the fruit firmness,soluble sugars content,titratable acidity content,protein content,sugar-acid ratio,vitamin C content and stone cell content were superior to other treatments,and the single fruit weight was the highest.Comprehensively considering the above indexes,the preferable branch bending angles for the pear were 75°-90°under dense system.
引文
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[8]韩明玉,李永武,范崇辉.拉枝角度对富士苹果树生理特性和果实品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2008,35(9):1345-1350.HAN M Y,LI Y W,FAN C H.Effects of branch bending angle on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of Fuji apple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(9):1345-1350.(in Chinese)
[9]杨勇,韩明玉,张满让,等.拉枝角度对富士芽和叶碳氮含量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):123-126.YANG Y,HAN M Y,ZHANG M R,et al.Effects of branch bending angle on carbon and nitrogen contents in leaves and buds of Fuji[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2011,20(7):123-126.(in Chinese)
[10]李宏建,刘志,王宏,等.乔纳金苹果树不同拉枝角度对叶片营养物质含量和果实品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(2):734-738.LI H J,LIU Z,WANG H,et al.Effects of branch bending angle on leaf nitrogen and fruit quality of Jonagold[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,27(2):734-738.(in Chinese)
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[12]李晓龙,王超,李甲明,等.拉枝处理对‘翠冠’梨成花的影响及其调控机制[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):89-97.LI X L,WANG C,LI J M,et al.Effect and regulation mechanism of branch-drooping on flower bud formation of Cuiguan pear[J].Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident.Sin.,2015,35(1):89-97.(in Chinese)
[13]吴鲜亮,何志爱,杨勇.拉枝对苹果梨幼树生长发育的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(1):54-55,57.
[14]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版社,2000:145-148,137-138,162-163.
[15]刘群龙,郝燕燕,吴国良,等.外源硒对砀山酥梨果实品质和硒含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(8):113-117.LIU Q L,HAO Y Y,WU G L,et al.Effect of spraying exogenous selenium on fruit quality and selenium content of Dangshan Suli[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2015,44(8):113-117.(in Chinese)
[16]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:202-204.
[17]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:56-59.
[18]聂继云,李静,杨振锋,等.冷冻法测定梨的石细胞含量[J].果树学报,2006,23(1):133-135.NIE J Y,LI J,YANG Z F,et al.Study on the conditions for measuring stone cell content in pear flesh by freezing method[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2006,23(1):133-135.(in Chinese)
[19]高媛,贾黎明.主要生物柴油树种整形修剪技术研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(2):148-153.GAO Y,JIA L M.Research status of several major bio-diesel trees on puning techniques[J]Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(2):148-153.(in Chinese)
[20]李美美,马华冰,任俊杰,等.修剪方式对核桃生理特性影响的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(1):108-115.LI M M,MA H B,REN J J,et al.Effects of pruning methods on physiological characteristics of walnut[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(1):108-115.(in Chinese)
[21]李美美,赵建建,张玲,等.重回缩与拉枝对成龄‘绿岭’核桃净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,30(5):42-46.LI M M,ZHAO J J,ZHANG L,et al.Effects of heavy cutting-back and bending branch on net photosynthetic rate and chlorphyll flourescence parameters of adult walnut cultivar‘Lvling’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,30(5):42-46.(in Chinese)
[22]徐绍清,吕建森,徐永红,等.拉枝对海涂黄花梨早期丰产的效应试验[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(4):84-85XU S Q,LYU J S,XU Y H,et al.Effect of branch drawing on early and high yield of“Huanghua”pear in coastal beach[J].Journal of Zhejiang For.Sci.&Tech.,2000,20(4):84-85.(in Chinese)
[23]张继义,赵国生,胡跃军,等.苹果梨幼树拉枝试验[J].中国果树,2001(1):19.
[24]戴文圣,王白坡,钱银才,等.拉枝对不同品种幼龄梨树生长结果的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,1996,13(2):123-129.DAI W S,WANG B P,QIAN Y C,et al.Branch drawing influence on growth and fruit setting for young tree of pear varieties[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,1996,13(2):123-129.(in Chinese)
[25]赖坚定.拉枝对西子绿梨幼龄树生长结果的影响[J].福建果树,2004(4):27.
[26]杜荣,郝万喜.不同拉枝角度对嘎拉苹果叶片质量的影响[J].价值工程,2011(22):296-297.DU R,HAO W X.The effect of the quality of leaf with different branch angle[J].Value Engineering,2011(22):296-297.(in Chinese)
[2]马建江,常宏伟,王小兵,等.‘库尔勒香梨’省力化栽培技术[J].北方果树,2015(3):29-30.
[3]马童慧.拉枝对甜柿幼树树体营养的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(Supp.1):179-183.MA T H.Effects of different branch angles on nutrition of young persimmon[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica,2015,30(Supp.1):179-183.(in Chinese)
[4]李宏建,王宏,刘志,等.不同拉枝角度对寒富苹果树生理特性和果实品质的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(4):703-708.LI H J,WANG H,LIU Z,et al.Effect of different branch angle on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of Hanfu apple[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2013,35(4):703-708.(in Chinese)
[5]徐贵轩,李宏建,宋哲,等.不同拉枝角度对“望山红”苹果果实品质和枝类特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(20):24-26.XU G X,LI H J,SONG Z,et al.Effects of branch bending angle on fruit quality and branch character of‘Wangshanhong’apple[J].Northern Horticulture,2011(20):24-26.(in Chinese)
[6]杜荣,曲俊贤,赵增强,等.不同拉枝角度对嘎拉苹果叶片及果实产量和品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(2):71-74.DU R,QU J X,ZHAO Z Q,et al.Effects of branch drawing on the leaf growth,fruit quality and yield of Gala apple[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(2):71-74.(in Chinese)
[7]李永武,韩明玉,范崇辉,等.富士苹果不同拉枝角度叶片营养物质含量与果实品质之间的关系[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):161-164.LI Y W,HAN M Y,FAN C H,et al.Relationship between branch nutrients and fruit quality of different branch angle in Fuji[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2007,16(2):161-164.(in Chinese)
[8]韩明玉,李永武,范崇辉.拉枝角度对富士苹果树生理特性和果实品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2008,35(9):1345-1350.HAN M Y,LI Y W,FAN C H.Effects of branch bending angle on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of Fuji apple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(9):1345-1350.(in Chinese)
[9]杨勇,韩明玉,张满让,等.拉枝角度对富士芽和叶碳氮含量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):123-126.YANG Y,HAN M Y,ZHANG M R,et al.Effects of branch bending angle on carbon and nitrogen contents in leaves and buds of Fuji[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2011,20(7):123-126.(in Chinese)
[10]李宏建,刘志,王宏,等.乔纳金苹果树不同拉枝角度对叶片营养物质含量和果实品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(2):734-738.LI H J,LIU Z,WANG H,et al.Effects of branch bending angle on leaf nitrogen and fruit quality of Jonagold[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2014,27(2):734-738.(in Chinese)
[11]廖立安,李志光,曹建明.翠冠梨引种试验及整形拉枝对其经济性状的影响[J].中南林学院学报,2003,23(2):79-81.LIAO L A,LI Z G,CAO J M.Introduction experiment of Cuiguan pear and effect of trimming the branches on its economic properties[J].Journal of Central South Forestry University,2003,23(2):79-81.(in Chinese)
[12]李晓龙,王超,李甲明,等.拉枝处理对‘翠冠’梨成花的影响及其调控机制[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):89-97.LI X L,WANG C,LI J M,et al.Effect and regulation mechanism of branch-drooping on flower bud formation of Cuiguan pear[J].Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident.Sin.,2015,35(1):89-97.(in Chinese)
[13]吴鲜亮,何志爱,杨勇.拉枝对苹果梨幼树生长发育的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(1):54-55,57.
[14]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版社,2000:145-148,137-138,162-163.
[15]刘群龙,郝燕燕,吴国良,等.外源硒对砀山酥梨果实品质和硒含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(8):113-117.LIU Q L,HAO Y Y,WU G L,et al.Effect of spraying exogenous selenium on fruit quality and selenium content of Dangshan Suli[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2015,44(8):113-117.(in Chinese)
[16]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:202-204.
[17]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:56-59.
[18]聂继云,李静,杨振锋,等.冷冻法测定梨的石细胞含量[J].果树学报,2006,23(1):133-135.NIE J Y,LI J,YANG Z F,et al.Study on the conditions for measuring stone cell content in pear flesh by freezing method[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2006,23(1):133-135.(in Chinese)
[19]高媛,贾黎明.主要生物柴油树种整形修剪技术研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(2):148-153.GAO Y,JIA L M.Research status of several major bio-diesel trees on puning techniques[J]Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(2):148-153.(in Chinese)
[20]李美美,马华冰,任俊杰,等.修剪方式对核桃生理特性影响的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(1):108-115.LI M M,MA H B,REN J J,et al.Effects of pruning methods on physiological characteristics of walnut[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(1):108-115.(in Chinese)
[21]李美美,赵建建,张玲,等.重回缩与拉枝对成龄‘绿岭’核桃净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,30(5):42-46.LI M M,ZHAO J J,ZHANG L,et al.Effects of heavy cutting-back and bending branch on net photosynthetic rate and chlorphyll flourescence parameters of adult walnut cultivar‘Lvling’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,30(5):42-46.(in Chinese)
[22]徐绍清,吕建森,徐永红,等.拉枝对海涂黄花梨早期丰产的效应试验[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(4):84-85XU S Q,LYU J S,XU Y H,et al.Effect of branch drawing on early and high yield of“Huanghua”pear in coastal beach[J].Journal of Zhejiang For.Sci.&Tech.,2000,20(4):84-85.(in Chinese)
[23]张继义,赵国生,胡跃军,等.苹果梨幼树拉枝试验[J].中国果树,2001(1):19.
[24]戴文圣,王白坡,钱银才,等.拉枝对不同品种幼龄梨树生长结果的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,1996,13(2):123-129.DAI W S,WANG B P,QIAN Y C,et al.Branch drawing influence on growth and fruit setting for young tree of pear varieties[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,1996,13(2):123-129.(in Chinese)
[25]赖坚定.拉枝对西子绿梨幼龄树生长结果的影响[J].福建果树,2004(4):27.
[26]杜荣,郝万喜.不同拉枝角度对嘎拉苹果叶片质量的影响[J].价值工程,2011(22):296-297.DU R,HAO W X.The effect of the quality of leaf with different branch angle[J].Value Engineering,2011(22):296-297.(in Chinese)