2017年夏季北海市冯家江入海口红树林潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性
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摘要
大型底栖动物作为迁徙鸟类重要的食物来源,维持着红树林生态系统中许多重要的生态过程。为了揭示夏季广西北海滨海国家湿地公园群落结构及多样性,于2017年6月,在广西北海滨海国家湿地公园内冯家江入海口红树林潮间带,从冯家江入海口向东依次布设了5个断面,在调查断面中采集泥样或砂样,经筛选和鉴定,共得到大型底栖动物31种,隶属于4门7纲11目21科,其中,软体动物门的物种数最多,节肢动物门的物种数次之,软体动物对总生物量做出的贡献最大,纵带滩栖螺(Batillaria zonalis)和突畸心蛤(Cryptonema producta)为调查区域的优势种;大型底栖动物的平均生物量为245.12 g/m3,平均密度为172.54 ind./m3;5个断面的大型底栖动物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数介于2.01～3.01之间,表明水体被轻度污染,河口处断面的大型底栖动物群落的多样性水平最高,垃圾堆放场附近断面的多样性水平最低,5个断面的大型底栖动物群落的优势种以纵带滩栖螺、珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea cingulate)和沙蚕(Nereis succinea)等耐污种为主。与北部湾其它地区相比,研究区域的大型底栖动物总物种数明显偏少。近年来,广西北海滨海国家湿地公园受到垃圾堆放场和人类活动的负面影响较大,冯家江入海口附近水体出现了一定程度的污染,导致其大型底栖动物群落结构发生了改变。
Macrozoobenthic has shown a great importance in maintaining many ecological processes of mangrove ecosystem, such as supplying food source for migratory birds. To explore the structure and diversity of macrozoobenthic communities in Beihai Coastal National Wetland Park in summer, an investigation was conducted on 5 transects in the park in June 2017. The 31 species, belonging to 21 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla were identified in 5 transects in the park. Mollusca and arthropods were the most abundant groups in study area. Mollusca, including Batillaria zonalis and Cryptonema producta, were the dominant species, as well as made the main contribution to the biomass. The average biomass and density of macrozoobenthic were 245.1 g/m3 and 172.5 ind./m3, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index through 5 transects were 2.01-3.01. The Shannon-Wiener(3.01) and Pielou index(0.40) were the highest in transect 1,which dominated by Sanguinolaria elongate and Tellinides timorensis. Species diversity of transecct 2(2.03)and transect 3(2.01), along the both sides of garbage dump, were the lower and dominated by Batillaria zonalis, Cerithidea cingulate and Nereis succinea. Transect 4(2.85) and transect 5(2.72), which dominated by Mictyris longicarpus, Nereis succinea and Cryptonema product, contained intermediately diverse communities. Compared with other parts of Beibu Gulf, the species diversity and abuandce of macrozoobenthic had been obviously reduced. The results suggested that the structure change of macrozoobenthic communities in the park was caused by anthropogenic distractions and pollution from garbage dump.
Macrozoobenthic has shown a great importance in maintaining many ecological processes of mangrove ecosystem, such as supplying food source for migratory birds. To explore the structure and diversity of macrozoobenthic communities in Beihai Coastal National Wetland Park in summer, an investigation was conducted on 5 transects in the park in June 2017. The 31 species, belonging to 21 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla were identified in 5 transects in the park. Mollusca and arthropods were the most abundant groups in study area. Mollusca, including Batillaria zonalis and Cryptonema producta, were the dominant species, as well as made the main contribution to the biomass. The average biomass and density of macrozoobenthic were 245.1 g/m3 and 172.5 ind./m3, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index through 5 transects were 2.01-3.01. The Shannon-Wiener(3.01) and Pielou index(0.40) were the highest in transect 1,which dominated by Sanguinolaria elongate and Tellinides timorensis. Species diversity of transecct 2(2.03)and transect 3(2.01), along the both sides of garbage dump, were the lower and dominated by Batillaria zonalis, Cerithidea cingulate and Nereis succinea. Transect 4(2.85) and transect 5(2.72), which dominated by Mictyris longicarpus, Nereis succinea and Cryptonema product, contained intermediately diverse communities. Compared with other parts of Beibu Gulf, the species diversity and abuandce of macrozoobenthic had been obviously reduced. The results suggested that the structure change of macrozoobenthic communities in the park was caused by anthropogenic distractions and pollution from garbage dump.
引文
[1]王瑁,高雪芹,丁弈朋,等.海南清澜港不同栖息位置红树林软体动物的食物来源[J].湿地科学, 2015, 1133(2):171-176.
[2]李杨,蒋万祥,李斌,等. 2009年苍山水系6条源头河流中的大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].湿地科学, 2016, 1144(5):733-739.
[3]林鹏.中国红树林研究进展[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2001, 4400(2):592-603.
[4]陈凯,张宗祥,刘朔孺,等.溱湖国家湿地公园水环境特征及底栖动物群落结构研究[J].湿地科学, 2011, 99(1):26-32.
[5]Pandiyan J, Naresh B, Nagarajan R. Temporal variations of shorebirds and benthic community, traditional saltpans of east coast of southern India[J]. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2014, 2(1):14-25.
[6]何斌源,赖廷和,王欣,等.廉州湾滨海湿地潮间带大型底栖动物群落次级生产力[J].生态学杂志, 2013, 322(8):2104-2112.
[7]赵彩云,李俊生,宫璐,等.广西北海市滨海湿地互花米草入侵对大型底栖动物的影响[J].湿地科学, 2014, 1122(6):733-739.
[8]李永强.北部湾(广西段)潮间带大型底栖动物的调查研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学, 2011.
[9]丁鉴锋,闫喜武,赵力强,等.海洋污染物对菲律宾蛤仔的免疫毒性[J].生态学报, 2013, 3333(17):5419-5425.
[10]Mavakala B K, Le Faucheur S, Mulaji C K, et al. Leachates draining from controlled municipal solid waste maasaremetal:Detailed geochemical characterization and toxicity tests[J].Waste Management, 2016, 5555:238-248.
[11]王广军,唐筱洁,李惠强.广西北海滨海国家湿地公园生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国市场, 2014(37):144-145, 153.
[12]刘玉,杨翼,张文亮,等.湄洲湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性特征[J].湿地科学, 2014, 1122(2):148-154.
[13]任海庆,袁星忠,刘红,等.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报, 2015, 3355(10):3148-3156.
[14]Nagelkerken I, Blaber S J M, Bouillon S, et al. The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna:A review[J].Aquatic Botany, 2008, 8899(2):155-185.
[15]马强,武巍,汤臣栋,等.崇明东滩湿地互花米草治理对鸟类及底栖动物多样性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报, 2017, 4411(1):9-14.
[16]葛宝明,鲍毅新,郑祥.灵昆岛围垦滩涂潮沟大型底栖动物群落生态学研究[J].生态学报, 2005, 2255(3):447-453.
[17]余日清,陈桂珠,黄玉山.深圳福田红树林区底栖大型动物群落的空间分带及灌污的可能影响[J].生态学报, 1996, 1166(3):283-288.
[18]Alfaro A C. Benthic macro-invertebrate community composition within a mangrove/seagrass estuary in northern New Zealand[J].Coastal and Shelf Sceince, 2006, 666(1-2):97-110.
[19]Wells F E. An analysis of marine in vertebrate distributions in mangrove swamp in northwestern Australia[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1983, 3333(3):736-744.
[20]Sellstr?m U, Kierkegaard A, de Wit C, et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane in sediment and fish from a Swedish river[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998, 1177(6):1065-1072.
[21]Andrady A L. Microplastics in the marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2001, 622(8):1596-1605.
[22]蔡立哲,马丽,高阳,等.海洋底栖动物多样性指数污染程度评价标准的分析[J].厦门大学学报, 2002, 4411(5):641-646.
[23]何明海,蔡尔西,吴启泉,等.厦门西港底栖生物的生态[J].台湾海峡, 1988, 77(2):189-194.
[24]柯盛,申玉春,谢恩义,等.雷州半岛流沙湾潮间带底栖贝类多样性[J].生物多样性, 2013, 2211(5):547-553.
[25]Engler R E. The complex interaction between marine debris and toxic chemicals in the ocean[J]. Environment Science&Technology, 2012, 4466(22):12302-12315.
[26]Collignon A, Hecq J H, Galgani F, et al. Neustonic microplastic and zooplankton in the North Western Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 6644(4):861-864.
[27]蔡中丽,李细峰.海洋塑料污染问题研究概况[J].环境科学进展, 1997, 55(4):41-48.
[28]韩淑梅,何平,黄勃,等.东寨港典型红树林区底栖动物多样性特征指数比较研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2010, 2255(1):123-126.
[29]王迪,陈丕茂,马媛.钦州湾大型底栖动物生态学研究[J].生态学报, 2011, 3311(16):4768-4777.
[30]许铭本,赖俊翔,张荣灿,等.北仑河口北岸潮间带大型底栖动物生态特征及潮间带环境质量评价[J].广东海洋大学学报,2015, 3355(1):57-61.
[31]余辰星,杨岗,陆舟,等.迁徙季节水鸟对滨海不同类型湿地的利用——以广西山口红树林自然保护区为例[J].海洋与湖沼,2014, 4455(3):513-521.
[32]马志军,李博,陈家宽.迁徙鸟类对中途停歇地的利用及迁徙对策[J].生态学报, 2005, 2255(6):1404-1412.
[33]Hicklin P W, Smith P C. The diets of five species of migrant shorebirds in the Bay of Fundy[J]. Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science, 1979, 2299(4):483-488.
[34]Shepherd P C F, Boates J S. Effects of a commercial baitworm harvest on Semipalmated Sandpipers and their prey in the bay of Fundy Hemispheric shorebird reserve[J]. Conservation Biology,1999, 1133(2):347-356.
[2]李杨,蒋万祥,李斌,等. 2009年苍山水系6条源头河流中的大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].湿地科学, 2016, 1144(5):733-739.
[3]林鹏.中国红树林研究进展[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2001, 4400(2):592-603.
[4]陈凯,张宗祥,刘朔孺,等.溱湖国家湿地公园水环境特征及底栖动物群落结构研究[J].湿地科学, 2011, 99(1):26-32.
[5]Pandiyan J, Naresh B, Nagarajan R. Temporal variations of shorebirds and benthic community, traditional saltpans of east coast of southern India[J]. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2014, 2(1):14-25.
[6]何斌源,赖廷和,王欣,等.廉州湾滨海湿地潮间带大型底栖动物群落次级生产力[J].生态学杂志, 2013, 322(8):2104-2112.
[7]赵彩云,李俊生,宫璐,等.广西北海市滨海湿地互花米草入侵对大型底栖动物的影响[J].湿地科学, 2014, 1122(6):733-739.
[8]李永强.北部湾(广西段)潮间带大型底栖动物的调查研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学, 2011.
[9]丁鉴锋,闫喜武,赵力强,等.海洋污染物对菲律宾蛤仔的免疫毒性[J].生态学报, 2013, 3333(17):5419-5425.
[10]Mavakala B K, Le Faucheur S, Mulaji C K, et al. Leachates draining from controlled municipal solid waste maasaremetal:Detailed geochemical characterization and toxicity tests[J].Waste Management, 2016, 5555:238-248.
[11]王广军,唐筱洁,李惠强.广西北海滨海国家湿地公园生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国市场, 2014(37):144-145, 153.
[12]刘玉,杨翼,张文亮,等.湄洲湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性特征[J].湿地科学, 2014, 1122(2):148-154.
[13]任海庆,袁星忠,刘红,等.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报, 2015, 3355(10):3148-3156.
[14]Nagelkerken I, Blaber S J M, Bouillon S, et al. The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna:A review[J].Aquatic Botany, 2008, 8899(2):155-185.
[15]马强,武巍,汤臣栋,等.崇明东滩湿地互花米草治理对鸟类及底栖动物多样性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报, 2017, 4411(1):9-14.
[16]葛宝明,鲍毅新,郑祥.灵昆岛围垦滩涂潮沟大型底栖动物群落生态学研究[J].生态学报, 2005, 2255(3):447-453.
[17]余日清,陈桂珠,黄玉山.深圳福田红树林区底栖大型动物群落的空间分带及灌污的可能影响[J].生态学报, 1996, 1166(3):283-288.
[18]Alfaro A C. Benthic macro-invertebrate community composition within a mangrove/seagrass estuary in northern New Zealand[J].Coastal and Shelf Sceince, 2006, 666(1-2):97-110.
[19]Wells F E. An analysis of marine in vertebrate distributions in mangrove swamp in northwestern Australia[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1983, 3333(3):736-744.
[20]Sellstr?m U, Kierkegaard A, de Wit C, et al. Polybrominated diphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane in sediment and fish from a Swedish river[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998, 1177(6):1065-1072.
[21]Andrady A L. Microplastics in the marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2001, 622(8):1596-1605.
[22]蔡立哲,马丽,高阳,等.海洋底栖动物多样性指数污染程度评价标准的分析[J].厦门大学学报, 2002, 4411(5):641-646.
[23]何明海,蔡尔西,吴启泉,等.厦门西港底栖生物的生态[J].台湾海峡, 1988, 77(2):189-194.
[24]柯盛,申玉春,谢恩义,等.雷州半岛流沙湾潮间带底栖贝类多样性[J].生物多样性, 2013, 2211(5):547-553.
[25]Engler R E. The complex interaction between marine debris and toxic chemicals in the ocean[J]. Environment Science&Technology, 2012, 4466(22):12302-12315.
[26]Collignon A, Hecq J H, Galgani F, et al. Neustonic microplastic and zooplankton in the North Western Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 6644(4):861-864.
[27]蔡中丽,李细峰.海洋塑料污染问题研究概况[J].环境科学进展, 1997, 55(4):41-48.
[28]韩淑梅,何平,黄勃,等.东寨港典型红树林区底栖动物多样性特征指数比较研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2010, 2255(1):123-126.
[29]王迪,陈丕茂,马媛.钦州湾大型底栖动物生态学研究[J].生态学报, 2011, 3311(16):4768-4777.
[30]许铭本,赖俊翔,张荣灿,等.北仑河口北岸潮间带大型底栖动物生态特征及潮间带环境质量评价[J].广东海洋大学学报,2015, 3355(1):57-61.
[31]余辰星,杨岗,陆舟,等.迁徙季节水鸟对滨海不同类型湿地的利用——以广西山口红树林自然保护区为例[J].海洋与湖沼,2014, 4455(3):513-521.
[32]马志军,李博,陈家宽.迁徙鸟类对中途停歇地的利用及迁徙对策[J].生态学报, 2005, 2255(6):1404-1412.
[33]Hicklin P W, Smith P C. The diets of five species of migrant shorebirds in the Bay of Fundy[J]. Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science, 1979, 2299(4):483-488.
[34]Shepherd P C F, Boates J S. Effects of a commercial baitworm harvest on Semipalmated Sandpipers and their prey in the bay of Fundy Hemispheric shorebird reserve[J]. Conservation Biology,1999, 1133(2):347-356.