现代人逃避自由的新形式——从弗洛姆逃避自由的思想说起
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摘要
在弗洛姆看来,自由具有双重意蕴,现代人正处于自由的窘境之中。随着资本主义社会制度的建立,在促使人追寻自由、获得自由的同时又束缚了人的自由。逃避消极自由和实现积极自由是人们摆脱孤独的两条路径。但人们往往选择逃避自由以克服内心的孤独感,逃避消极自由的表现有极权主义、破坏欲和机械趋同。时隔七十余年,人类并未摆脱消极自由,走向积极自由,反而更加逃避自由并且出现多种逃避形式。文章从弗洛姆逃避自由思想出发,立足现实总结现代人逃避自由的新形式,并尝试提出实现积极自由的路径。
In Fromm's view,freedom has double meanings,modern man is in a state of freedom. The growth of the capitalist social system and individual self- consciousness,while encouraging people to chase freedom and to be free,also brings the spirit alone. Avoiding negative liberty and realizing the positive liberty are the two paths of people getting rid of loneliness. But people tend to choose to escape from freedom to overcome their loneliness,and totalitarianism,damage and mechanical performance of convergence are the characteristics of avoiding negative liberty. After more than seventy years,people does not get rid of the negative liberty and positive liberty,instead of more escaping from freedom and appear a variety of forms of escaping. This article embarks from the fromm's thought of Escape from freedom,and summarizes the new form of modern people to escape from freedom based on reality,and tries to put forward the path of the realization of positive freedom.
In Fromm's view,freedom has double meanings,modern man is in a state of freedom. The growth of the capitalist social system and individual self- consciousness,while encouraging people to chase freedom and to be free,also brings the spirit alone. Avoiding negative liberty and realizing the positive liberty are the two paths of people getting rid of loneliness. But people tend to choose to escape from freedom to overcome their loneliness,and totalitarianism,damage and mechanical performance of convergence are the characteristics of avoiding negative liberty. After more than seventy years,people does not get rid of the negative liberty and positive liberty,instead of more escaping from freedom and appear a variety of forms of escaping. This article embarks from the fromm's thought of Escape from freedom,and summarizes the new form of modern people to escape from freedom based on reality,and tries to put forward the path of the realization of positive freedom.
引文
[1]马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[2]〔美〕埃里希·弗洛姆.逃避自由[M].刘林海,译.上海:国际文化出版公司,2007:104.
[3]海德格尔.存在与时间[M].陈嘉映,王庆杰,译.北京:三联书社,1987.
[4]〔美〕埃里希·弗洛姆.健全的社会[M].孙恺祥,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.
[5]马克思恩格斯全集(第42卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1979.
[6]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作篇译局.马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[7]习近平.用劳动和创造托起中国梦——庆祝“五一”国际劳动节[EB/OL].http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2016-04/30/c_1118772896.htm.
[2]〔美〕埃里希·弗洛姆.逃避自由[M].刘林海,译.上海:国际文化出版公司,2007:104.
[3]海德格尔.存在与时间[M].陈嘉映,王庆杰,译.北京:三联书社,1987.
[4]〔美〕埃里希·弗洛姆.健全的社会[M].孙恺祥,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011.
[5]马克思恩格斯全集(第42卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1979.
[6]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作篇译局.马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[7]习近平.用劳动和创造托起中国梦——庆祝“五一”国际劳动节[EB/OL].http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2016-04/30/c_1118772896.htm.