国内外36个苜蓿品种的发芽特性综合评价
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摘要
苜蓿品种的优劣影响苜蓿草地建植与生产性能,其中发芽特性是首要指标。为筛选出优良的品种用于试验研究和生产,收集了我国育成苜蓿品种14个和国外22个品种的种子(其中包衣种子8个),测定了发芽率、硬实率、苗长等12个指标,采用隶属函数平均值法综合评价了品种优劣。结果表明,供试品种的千粒重为1.56～4.87g,发芽势为49.33%～97.33%(平均为83.52%),发芽率为49.33%～97.33%(平均为86.85%),发芽指数为5.83～17.04(平均为10.90),活力指数为0.18～0.60(平均为0.390),25个品种有硬实种子,其中,新疆大叶硬实率为49.33%显著高于其他品种,将硬实种子划破种皮继续培养,发芽率均有提升。综合指标评价最高的5个品种为甘农6号、中苜3号、甘农9号、耐盐之星、前景,综合指标评价最低的5个品种为公农5号、WL 168HQ、WL 354HQ、太阳神、新疆大叶。我国品种综合指标较高,平均为0.51,国外品种平均为0.44,国内品种表现优于国外品种。
The advantages and disadvantages of alfalfa varieties affected the establishment and production performance of alfalfa,and the germination characteristics were the primary indicators.In order to screen out the excellent varieties for experimental research and production,we collected the alfalfa seeds of 14 Chinese varieties and 22 foreign varieties(including 8 coated seeds).12 indicators such as germination rate,hard solid rate and seedling length were measured.The membership function average method was used to comprehensively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the alfalfa varieties.The results showed that the 1 000-grains weight range of the tested varieties ranged from 1.56 to4.87 g,the germination potential ranged from 49.33%to 97.33%,(average of 83.52%),and the germination rate ranged from 49.33%to 97.33%(average of 86.85%).The germination index ranged from5.83 to 17.04(average of 10.90),and the vigor index ranged from 0.18 to 0.60(average of 0.390).Among them,the 25 varieties had hard seeds.The leaf growth rate of Xinjiang variety,which was49.33%,was significantly higher than that of the other varieties.After removing the seed coats of hard seeds,the germination rate was increased.The five varieties with the highest comprehensive evaluation index were Gannong No.6,Zhongyu No.3,Gannong No.9,Salt-tolerant star,and Prospect while the five varieties with the lowest comprehensive evaluation index were Gongnong No.5,WL 168 HQ,WL354 HQ,the Sun.God and Xinjiang big leaf.The comprehensive index of Chinese varieties was higher than that of foreign varieties,with an average of 0.51,0.44 respectively.As a conclusion,domestic varieties outperformed foreign varieties.
The advantages and disadvantages of alfalfa varieties affected the establishment and production performance of alfalfa,and the germination characteristics were the primary indicators.In order to screen out the excellent varieties for experimental research and production,we collected the alfalfa seeds of 14 Chinese varieties and 22 foreign varieties(including 8 coated seeds).12 indicators such as germination rate,hard solid rate and seedling length were measured.The membership function average method was used to comprehensively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the alfalfa varieties.The results showed that the 1 000-grains weight range of the tested varieties ranged from 1.56 to4.87 g,the germination potential ranged from 49.33%to 97.33%,(average of 83.52%),and the germination rate ranged from 49.33%to 97.33%(average of 86.85%).The germination index ranged from5.83 to 17.04(average of 10.90),and the vigor index ranged from 0.18 to 0.60(average of 0.390).Among them,the 25 varieties had hard seeds.The leaf growth rate of Xinjiang variety,which was49.33%,was significantly higher than that of the other varieties.After removing the seed coats of hard seeds,the germination rate was increased.The five varieties with the highest comprehensive evaluation index were Gannong No.6,Zhongyu No.3,Gannong No.9,Salt-tolerant star,and Prospect while the five varieties with the lowest comprehensive evaluation index were Gongnong No.5,WL 168 HQ,WL354 HQ,the Sun.God and Xinjiang big leaf.The comprehensive index of Chinese varieties was higher than that of foreign varieties,with an average of 0.51,0.44 respectively.As a conclusion,domestic varieties outperformed foreign varieties.
引文
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[12]柴连生,雷荣深,周丰,等.种植密度对甘农5号苜蓿种子产量的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(8):44-47.
[13]Wei Q,Li-en X,Li-li M,et al.Effects of Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics of Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat[J].Medicinal Plant,2012(9):6-9,12.
[14]Peng D,Chen Z,Hu X,et al.Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of two Rheum species in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains[J].Plant Diversity,2017(4):180-186.
[15]田玮,王成章,杨雨鑫,等.国内外10个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2003(4):370-373.
[16]王赞,李源,孙桂枝,等.国内外16个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):4-10.
[17]苗丽宏,袁庆华,王瑜.41个紫花苜蓿品种苗期耐盐性评价[J].种子,2016,35(4):81-84.
[18]Hoseop M,Enukwa E H,Choonsig K.Effects of Trichoderma harzianum YC_(459)and soil types on seed germination and seedling growth in rock slope restoration[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2018(4):730-737.
[19]Jiajun D,Yanling Z,Jiwei H,et al.Autotoxicity of Phthalate Esters in Tobacco Root Exudates:Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth[J].Pedosphere,2017(6):1 073-1 082.
[20]Xie X,Jiang B,Zhou X,et al.Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Torreya fargesii Aril on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Radish,Mustard and Cabbage[J].Agricultural Biotechnology,2016(4):11-17.
[21]李存福.无芒雀麦、紫花苜蓿繁殖特性及种子生产技术研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[22]王彦荣.GB/T 2930.1-2001牧草种子检验规程[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[23]董文科,马晖玲,马婷燕.外源硅对逆境胁迫下多年生黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗抗性的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017(6):90-96.
[24]孔令琪,王照兰,武自念,等.17份苜蓿品种种子萌发特性研究[J].种子,2017,36(7):12-16.
[25]何雪银,文仁来,吴翠荣,等.模糊隶属函数法对玉米苗期抗旱性的分析[J].西南农业学报,2008(1):52-56.
[26]陈荣敏,杨学举,梁凤山,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价冬小麦的抗旱性[J].河北农业大学学报,2002(2):7-9.
[27]岳彦红,齐晓,王彦荣,等.35个10龄紫花苜蓿品种的持久性比较[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):58-64.
[28]王健胜,侯桂玲,佟伟霜,等.不同苜蓿品种种子的发芽特性[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(6):158-160.
[29]杜捷,陈军,孙其钧,等.不同包衣剂对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3):67-70.
[30]刘怀华,卜耀军,李瑞,等.10种紫花苜蓿种子发芽及苗期特性研究[J].榆林学院学报,2016,26(4):23-27.
[31]孟凯,米福贵,李星月,等.15个苜蓿品种种子萌发特性及相关性研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(10):53-57.
[32]李耀龙.硬实种子萌发处理方法探究[J].园艺与种苗,2011(6):99-102.
[33]罗小燕,李欣勇,张瑜,等.豆科牧草种子硬实特性及其破除方法[J].草业科学,2017,34(6):1 228-1 237.
[34]潘睿.豆科硬实种子形成机理的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005.
[35]连洁琼.三种豆科树种硬实形成机制及破除方法的初步研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[36]李春杰,王彦荣,朱廷恒,等.紫花苜蓿种子对逆境贮藏条件的反应[J].应用生态学报,2002(8):957-961.
[37]吴素琴,张自和.影响苜蓿种子丰产的主要因子研究[J].草业科学,2004,21(1):10-14.
[38]崔华威,马文广.种子包衣剂及包衣方法研究进展[J].种子,2015,34(1):48-53.
[39]刘宏秋,高双红.种子包衣剂在水稻生产中的应用效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,2014(11):16-17.
[40]高立杰,李运起,张洪杰,敖特根白音.14种紫花苜蓿萌发期抗旱性比较试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(15):6-11,283.
[41]宫文龙,赵桂琴,刘欢.22个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性综合评价[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(5):35-40.
[42]王瑞峰,王铁梅,金晓明,等.11个审定苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性评价[J].草业科学,2012,29(02):213-218.
[43]Effect and Mechanism of Cold Tolerant Seed-Coating Agents on the Cold Tolerance of Early Indica Rice Seedlings[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2007(7):792-801.
[2]戚志强,玉永雄,胡跃高,等.当前我国苜蓿产业发展的形势与任务[J].草业学报,2008,17(1):107-113.
[3]师尚礼.紫花苜蓿根瘤菌研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(2):262-267.
[4]罗冬,王明玖,李元恒,等.四种豆科牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱的响应及抗旱性评价[J].生态环境学报,2015(2):224-230.
[5]苏加楷,张文淑.耐盐碱苜蓿——中苜1号[J].中国牧业通讯,1998(7):25.
[6]朴庆林,金秀男.公农1号等苜蓿品种抗寒高产性能比较——筛选东北寒冷地区适宜品种[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2006(4):27-28,30.
[7]杜文华,田新会,曹致中.甘农3号紫花苜蓿种子生产栽培技术规程[J].草业科学,2006,23(11):70-72.
[8]廖建良,贺握权,许灿英,等.三种豆科植物种子萌发特性的研究[J].北方园艺,2008(11):7-10.
[9]王永星.种子萌发及其调控的研究进展[J].福建农业,2015(7):77.
[10]刘慧霞,申晓蓉,郭正刚.硅对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):155-160.
[11]李冠真.不同播种量、不同品种紫花苜蓿生产性能和营养价值的研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[12]柴连生,雷荣深,周丰,等.种植密度对甘农5号苜蓿种子产量的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(8):44-47.
[13]Wei Q,Li-en X,Li-li M,et al.Effects of Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Characteristics of Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat[J].Medicinal Plant,2012(9):6-9,12.
[14]Peng D,Chen Z,Hu X,et al.Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of two Rheum species in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains[J].Plant Diversity,2017(4):180-186.
[15]田玮,王成章,杨雨鑫,等.国内外10个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2003(4):370-373.
[16]王赞,李源,孙桂枝,等.国内外16个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):4-10.
[17]苗丽宏,袁庆华,王瑜.41个紫花苜蓿品种苗期耐盐性评价[J].种子,2016,35(4):81-84.
[18]Hoseop M,Enukwa E H,Choonsig K.Effects of Trichoderma harzianum YC_(459)and soil types on seed germination and seedling growth in rock slope restoration[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2018(4):730-737.
[19]Jiajun D,Yanling Z,Jiwei H,et al.Autotoxicity of Phthalate Esters in Tobacco Root Exudates:Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth[J].Pedosphere,2017(6):1 073-1 082.
[20]Xie X,Jiang B,Zhou X,et al.Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Torreya fargesii Aril on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Radish,Mustard and Cabbage[J].Agricultural Biotechnology,2016(4):11-17.
[21]李存福.无芒雀麦、紫花苜蓿繁殖特性及种子生产技术研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[22]王彦荣.GB/T 2930.1-2001牧草种子检验规程[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[23]董文科,马晖玲,马婷燕.外源硅对逆境胁迫下多年生黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗抗性的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017(6):90-96.
[24]孔令琪,王照兰,武自念,等.17份苜蓿品种种子萌发特性研究[J].种子,2017,36(7):12-16.
[25]何雪银,文仁来,吴翠荣,等.模糊隶属函数法对玉米苗期抗旱性的分析[J].西南农业学报,2008(1):52-56.
[26]陈荣敏,杨学举,梁凤山,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价冬小麦的抗旱性[J].河北农业大学学报,2002(2):7-9.
[27]岳彦红,齐晓,王彦荣,等.35个10龄紫花苜蓿品种的持久性比较[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):58-64.
[28]王健胜,侯桂玲,佟伟霜,等.不同苜蓿品种种子的发芽特性[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(6):158-160.
[29]杜捷,陈军,孙其钧,等.不同包衣剂对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3):67-70.
[30]刘怀华,卜耀军,李瑞,等.10种紫花苜蓿种子发芽及苗期特性研究[J].榆林学院学报,2016,26(4):23-27.
[31]孟凯,米福贵,李星月,等.15个苜蓿品种种子萌发特性及相关性研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(10):53-57.
[32]李耀龙.硬实种子萌发处理方法探究[J].园艺与种苗,2011(6):99-102.
[33]罗小燕,李欣勇,张瑜,等.豆科牧草种子硬实特性及其破除方法[J].草业科学,2017,34(6):1 228-1 237.
[34]潘睿.豆科硬实种子形成机理的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005.
[35]连洁琼.三种豆科树种硬实形成机制及破除方法的初步研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[36]李春杰,王彦荣,朱廷恒,等.紫花苜蓿种子对逆境贮藏条件的反应[J].应用生态学报,2002(8):957-961.
[37]吴素琴,张自和.影响苜蓿种子丰产的主要因子研究[J].草业科学,2004,21(1):10-14.
[38]崔华威,马文广.种子包衣剂及包衣方法研究进展[J].种子,2015,34(1):48-53.
[39]刘宏秋,高双红.种子包衣剂在水稻生产中的应用效果研究[J].湖南农业科学,2014(11):16-17.
[40]高立杰,李运起,张洪杰,敖特根白音.14种紫花苜蓿萌发期抗旱性比较试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(15):6-11,283.
[41]宫文龙,赵桂琴,刘欢.22个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性综合评价[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(5):35-40.
[42]王瑞峰,王铁梅,金晓明,等.11个审定苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性评价[J].草业科学,2012,29(02):213-218.
[43]Effect and Mechanism of Cold Tolerant Seed-Coating Agents on the Cold Tolerance of Early Indica Rice Seedlings[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2007(7):792-801.