适用于多模式脉宽调制的通用切换策略研究
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摘要
在大功率牵引传动系统中,广泛采用多模式调制策略,例如,中间60°调制、SHEPWM、CHMPWM等,以在有限的开关频率下实现牵引电机的全速度范围运行。在采用不同的多模式脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)策略时,通常需要研究相应的切换策略以保证不同调制方式之间的平滑切换。对多模式调制下的谐波磁链轨迹、谐波磁链幅值以及磁链幅值偏差的计算方式和变化规律进行研究。通过对谐波磁链和定子磁链轨迹的分析计算,可以更加直观地对不同PWM策略的性能进行对比。在此基础上,提出一种通用的基于谐波磁链和磁链幅值偏差的不同PWM策略之间的切换方法。该方法不需要复杂的理论计算,不受限于具体的调制方式,只需根据调制比画出切换前后两种调制方式的谐波磁链幅值偏差和实际磁链幅值偏差即可准确判断出最优切换点,具有很好的通用性。仿真和实验结果证明了该切换策略的有效性。
Multi-mode modulation strategy, such as central 60° modulation, SHEPWM, CHMPWM, etc., is widely used in high-power traction drive systems that have a limited switching frequency. When using different PWM strategies, it usually needs to research the corresponding switching strategies for different methods to ensure smooth switching between different modulation modes. In this paper, the calculation of harmonic flux linkage trajectory, the magnitude of harmonic flux linkage and the amplitude deviation of the flux linkage under multi-mode modulation were studied. Through the analysis and calculation of the harmonic flux linkage and stator flux linkage trajectory, we can make a more intuitive and direct comparison of the performance of different PWM strategies. Based on this,a general switching method between different PWM strategies based on harmonic flux linkage and magnetic flux amplitude deviation was proposed. This method does not require the complicated calculation. It can accurately determine the optimal switching point only according to harmonic flux amplitude deviation and the actual flux amplitude deviation.Simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness and validity of the proposed strategy.
Multi-mode modulation strategy, such as central 60° modulation, SHEPWM, CHMPWM, etc., is widely used in high-power traction drive systems that have a limited switching frequency. When using different PWM strategies, it usually needs to research the corresponding switching strategies for different methods to ensure smooth switching between different modulation modes. In this paper, the calculation of harmonic flux linkage trajectory, the magnitude of harmonic flux linkage and the amplitude deviation of the flux linkage under multi-mode modulation were studied. Through the analysis and calculation of the harmonic flux linkage and stator flux linkage trajectory, we can make a more intuitive and direct comparison of the performance of different PWM strategies. Based on this,a general switching method between different PWM strategies based on harmonic flux linkage and magnetic flux amplitude deviation was proposed. This method does not require the complicated calculation. It can accurately determine the optimal switching point only according to harmonic flux amplitude deviation and the actual flux amplitude deviation.Simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness and validity of the proposed strategy.
引文
[1]周明磊,游小杰,王琛琛.低开关频率下PWM调制方法研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2010,34(5):53-57.Zhou Minglei,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen.Research on PWM method under low switching frequency[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2010,34(5):53-57(in Chinese).
[2]王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4175-4183.Wang Kun,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen,et al.Research on synchronized SVPWM strategies under low switching frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4175-4183(in Chinese).
[3]周明磊,游小杰,王琛琛,等.电流谐波最小PWM开关角的计算及谐波特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(15):2362-2370.Zhou Minglei,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen,et al.Switching angle calculation and harmonic analysis of current harmonic minimum PWM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(15):2362-2370(in Chinese).
[4]周明磊,游小杰,王琛琛.基于交流电机定子磁链的CHMPWM切换策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3955-3964.Zhou Minglei,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen.A switching strategy of current harmonic minimum PWM based on the stator flux trajectory of AC traction motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3955-3964(in Chinese).
[5]马逊,李耀华,葛琼璇,等.谐波电流最小同步优化脉宽调制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(5):1211-1220.Ma Xun,Li Yaohua,Ge Qiongxuan,et al.Research on synchronous minimum harmonic current optimized pulse width modulation strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(5):1211-1220(in Chinese).
[6]Buja G S,Indri G B.Optimal pulsewidth modulation for feeding AC motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1977,IA-13(1):38-44.
[7]Zach F C,Ertl H.Efficiency optimal control for AC drives with PWM inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1985,IA-21(4):987-1000.
[8]Buja G S.Optimum output waveforms in PWMinverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1980,IA-16(6):830-836.
[9]Taniguchi K,Irie H.Trapezoidal modulating signal for three-phase PWM inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1986,IE-33(2):193-200.
[10]Patel H S,Hoft R G.Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters:Part II-voltage control techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1974,IA-10(5):666-673.
[11]Patel H S,Hoft R G.Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor Inverters:Part I--harmonic elimination[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1973,IA-9(3):310-317.
[12]费万民,吕征宇,姚文熙.三电平逆变器特定谐波消除脉宽调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(9):11-15.Fei Wanmin,LüZhengyu,Yao Wenxi.Research on selected harmonic elimination PWM technique applicable to three-level voltage inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(9):11-15(in Chinese).
[13]谭新元.牵引逆变器SHEPWM控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(9):47-52.Tan Xinyuan.Advanced SHEPWM technique for ACtraction drives[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(9):47-52(in Chinese).
[14]Holmes D G,Lipo T A.Pulse width modulation for power converters:principles and practice[M].Piscataway,NJ:Wiley-IEEE Press,2003:63,396-397.
[15]Holtz J.Pulsewidth modulation for electronic power conversion[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1994,82(8):1194-1214.
[16]周明磊,李强,游小杰,等.基于SHEPWM的多模式调制切换策略研究[J].铁道学报,2014,36(1):34-39.Zhou Minglei,Li Qiang,You Xiaojie,et al.Research on SHEPWM-based switching strategy of multi-mode modulation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(1):34-39(in Chinese).
[2]王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4175-4183.Wang Kun,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen,et al.Research on synchronized SVPWM strategies under low switching frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4175-4183(in Chinese).
[3]周明磊,游小杰,王琛琛,等.电流谐波最小PWM开关角的计算及谐波特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(15):2362-2370.Zhou Minglei,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen,et al.Switching angle calculation and harmonic analysis of current harmonic minimum PWM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(15):2362-2370(in Chinese).
[4]周明磊,游小杰,王琛琛.基于交流电机定子磁链的CHMPWM切换策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3955-3964.Zhou Minglei,You Xiaojie,Wang Chenchen.A switching strategy of current harmonic minimum PWM based on the stator flux trajectory of AC traction motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3955-3964(in Chinese).
[5]马逊,李耀华,葛琼璇,等.谐波电流最小同步优化脉宽调制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(5):1211-1220.Ma Xun,Li Yaohua,Ge Qiongxuan,et al.Research on synchronous minimum harmonic current optimized pulse width modulation strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(5):1211-1220(in Chinese).
[6]Buja G S,Indri G B.Optimal pulsewidth modulation for feeding AC motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1977,IA-13(1):38-44.
[7]Zach F C,Ertl H.Efficiency optimal control for AC drives with PWM inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1985,IA-21(4):987-1000.
[8]Buja G S.Optimum output waveforms in PWMinverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1980,IA-16(6):830-836.
[9]Taniguchi K,Irie H.Trapezoidal modulating signal for three-phase PWM inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1986,IE-33(2):193-200.
[10]Patel H S,Hoft R G.Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters:Part II-voltage control techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1974,IA-10(5):666-673.
[11]Patel H S,Hoft R G.Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor Inverters:Part I--harmonic elimination[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1973,IA-9(3):310-317.
[12]费万民,吕征宇,姚文熙.三电平逆变器特定谐波消除脉宽调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(9):11-15.Fei Wanmin,LüZhengyu,Yao Wenxi.Research on selected harmonic elimination PWM technique applicable to three-level voltage inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(9):11-15(in Chinese).
[13]谭新元.牵引逆变器SHEPWM控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(9):47-52.Tan Xinyuan.Advanced SHEPWM technique for ACtraction drives[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(9):47-52(in Chinese).
[14]Holmes D G,Lipo T A.Pulse width modulation for power converters:principles and practice[M].Piscataway,NJ:Wiley-IEEE Press,2003:63,396-397.
[15]Holtz J.Pulsewidth modulation for electronic power conversion[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1994,82(8):1194-1214.
[16]周明磊,李强,游小杰,等.基于SHEPWM的多模式调制切换策略研究[J].铁道学报,2014,36(1):34-39.Zhou Minglei,Li Qiang,You Xiaojie,et al.Research on SHEPWM-based switching strategy of multi-mode modulation[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(1):34-39(in Chinese).