西双版纳河蟹性腺发育规律和营养品质
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摘要
为了解云南西双版纳池塘养殖河蟹的性腺发育规律及其成蟹的常规营养组成,通过连续采样和生化分析研究8—11月该地区池塘养殖河蟹的生殖蜕壳率、肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)变化,进一步比较了雌雄成蟹的出肉率(MY)、总可食率(TEY)、肥满度(CF)、色泽和可食组织的常规营养成分。结果显示:(1)8月西双版纳地区池塘养殖雌蟹已经全部完成生殖蜕壳,此时雄蟹的生殖蜕壳率仅为53.85%,9月中旬雄体全部完成生殖蜕壳;8—11月,雌雄个体的GSI均呈显著上升趋势,主要增加分别发生在8—9月,HSI呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。(2)上市成蟹雌体的HSI、GSI、TEY显著高于雄蟹,而MY和CF均以雄蟹较高(P<0.05)。(3)就色泽而言,雄蟹肝胰腺的红度值(a~*)显著高于雌蟹(P<0.05),而亮度值(L~*)和黄度值(b~*)均无显著性差异(P>0.05);雄蟹头胸甲烘干样L~*和b~*显著高于雌蟹(P<0.05),而a~*无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)就常规营养成分而言,成蟹雌体性腺中粗蛋白和总脂显著高于雄体(P<0.05),但雄体肝胰腺中粗蛋白和灰分显著高于雌体(P<0.05);雌雄成体肌肉中仅粗蛋白含量差异显著。综上,西双版纳地区池塘养殖河蟹雌雄个体的生殖蜕壳主要发生在7—8月和8—9月,该地区雌雄成蟹可食率分别为42.91%和40.26%,可食组织均具有较高的营养价值。
This study was designed to investigate puberty molting, gonadosomatic index(GSI), hepatosomatic index(HSI), meat yield(MY), total edible yield(TEY),condition factor(CF), and their nutritional composition was compared for the three edible parts(gonad, hepatopancreas and muscle) of pond-cultured adult Eriocheir sinensis from Xishuangbanna. The results are shown as follows:(1) female adults had accomplished puberty molting in August, while only 53.85% in male adults. In September,all adults completed puberty molting. From August to November, the gonadal index of both adults showed a significant upward trend, and the main increase occurred in August-September, while the HSI decreased(P< 0.05).(2) HSI, GSI and TEY were slightly higher in female adults than male ones, while, male adults had higher MY, CF than female ones.(3) The redness(a~*) of hepatopancreas was slightly higher in male adults than female ones. However, no significant differences were found between the lightness(L~*) and yellowness(b~*).(4) The protein and lipid contents in the gonad were significantly higher in female adults than male ones(P<0.05), but protein and ash contents in the hepatopancreas were higher in female ones(P<0.05). Compared with female adults, only protein content was slightly different in the muscle(P< 0.05). In conclusion, the puberty molting of the male and female adults in pond culture crabs from Xishuangbanna mainly completed in July-August and August-September, respectively. The total edible yield rates of adult crabs were 42.91% and 40.26%, respectively. Thus, the edible tissue was of high nutritional value in this area.
This study was designed to investigate puberty molting, gonadosomatic index(GSI), hepatosomatic index(HSI), meat yield(MY), total edible yield(TEY),condition factor(CF), and their nutritional composition was compared for the three edible parts(gonad, hepatopancreas and muscle) of pond-cultured adult Eriocheir sinensis from Xishuangbanna. The results are shown as follows:(1) female adults had accomplished puberty molting in August, while only 53.85% in male adults. In September,all adults completed puberty molting. From August to November, the gonadal index of both adults showed a significant upward trend, and the main increase occurred in August-September, while the HSI decreased(P< 0.05).(2) HSI, GSI and TEY were slightly higher in female adults than male ones, while, male adults had higher MY, CF than female ones.(3) The redness(a~*) of hepatopancreas was slightly higher in male adults than female ones. However, no significant differences were found between the lightness(L~*) and yellowness(b~*).(4) The protein and lipid contents in the gonad were significantly higher in female adults than male ones(P<0.05), but protein and ash contents in the hepatopancreas were higher in female ones(P<0.05). Compared with female adults, only protein content was slightly different in the muscle(P< 0.05). In conclusion, the puberty molting of the male and female adults in pond culture crabs from Xishuangbanna mainly completed in July-August and August-September, respectively. The total edible yield rates of adult crabs were 42.91% and 40.26%, respectively. Thus, the edible tissue was of high nutritional value in this area.
引文
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[9] LONG X W,WU X G,ZHAO L,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with Haematococcus pluvialis cell powder on coloration,ovarian development and antioxidation capacity of adult female Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis[J].Aquaculture,2017,473:545-553.
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[11] 倪国彬,何杰,赵恒亮,等.池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹二龄雌体生长规律和生殖蜕壳时间的研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(2):125-131.NI G B,HE J,ZHAO H L,et al.The study of growth pattern and puberty molting time of pond-reared female Chinese mitten crab during the second year culture[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science),2015,34(2):125-131.
[12] 何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,等.长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体选育子一代养殖性能和性腺发育的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(4):808-818.HE J,WU X G,LONG X W,et al.Culture performance and gonadal development of the first generation of selectively-bred Chinese mitten crabs from wild and cultured populations[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(4):808-818.
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[15] 李思发,王成辉,赵乃刚.湖泊放养长江水系中华绒螯蟹的性成熟规律研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(4):350-357.LI S F,WANG C H,ZHAO N G.Studies on gonad developmental rule of lake stocked mitten crab of Yangtze population[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2001,25(4):350-357.
[16] 何杰,吴旭干,姜晓东,等.野生和人工繁育大眼幼体在成蟹阶段的养殖性能比较[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(1):60-67.HE J,WU X G,JIANG X D,et al.Comparison of the culture performance of wild-caught and artifical breeding Chinese mitten crab megalopae reared in the grow-out ponds during the adult Eriocheir sinensis culture stage[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(1):60-67.
[17] 成永旭,堵南山,赖伟.中华绒螯蟹卵巢和胚胎发育期脂类在卵黄物质中存在的形态及其变化[J].动物学杂志,1999,34(1):51-55.CHENG Y X,DU N S,LAI W.On the ultrastructure of yolk lipid distribution and its changes during the Chinese crab,Eriocheir sinensis ovarian maturation and embryonic development[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,1999,34(1):51-55.
[18] 刘筠.中国养殖鱼类繁殖生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:26-30.LIU Y.Chinese cultured fish reproduction physiology[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1993:26-30.
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