资本禀赋异质性对农户生态生产行为的影响研究——基于水平和结构的双重视角分析
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摘要
生态生产有利于减少农业污染、保护地力、节约资源,是深化农业供给侧结构性改革的根本要求和重要路径。农户的生态生产行为供给了具有正外部性的环境品,不仅有利于降低单位生产成本,而且还可能在未来获得增产增收回报。然而当前农业生产中,农户采用生态生产行为的动力不足,能力不强,严重制约了农业供给侧结构性改革。而造成这一问题的重要原因在于农户受自身资本禀赋约束。同时新型农业经营主体与普通农户资本禀赋状况及配置结构存在较大差异,导致受资本禀赋约束的影响存在差异。本文基于长江中游四省稻农的实地调研数据,首先构造农户生态生产行为综合值,运用熵值法计算出农户资本禀赋总量与分维水平并划分农户资本禀赋结构,进而探析了农户资本禀赋异质性对农户生态生产行为的影响。主要研究结论如下:(1)农户资本禀赋总量水平显著正向影响农户生态生产行为;分维水平中农户物质资本禀赋、人力资本禀赋、社会资本禀赋水平均显著正向影响农户生态生产行为。(2)农户资本禀赋结构中,经济资本占优、社会资本占优农户更倾向于采用生态生产行为。(3)不同类型经营主体分析中,对于新型农业经营主体来说,经济资本禀赋水平与经济资本禀赋占优显著正向影响其生态生产行为。基于以上结论,本文提出多维度提高农户的资本禀赋水平和优化农户资本禀赋结构配置来改善和提高农户生态生产行为的采用,推动农业供给侧结构性改革。
Ecological production contributes to agricultural pollution reduction,land preservation,and resources conservation,and thus it forms the basic requirement and important path to deepen the supply-side reform in agriculture. For farmers,ecological production can produce environmental goods with positive externality,which serves not only to reduce current unit production cost,but also to boot yields in the future. However,farmers' adoption of ecological production practice is low,which is demonstrated by their lack of motivation and constraint in resources. This severely inhibits the agricultural structural reform. The main reason for this problem is that farmers are constrained by their own capital endowment. Moreover,there is a big difference between the new agricultural management subject and the ordinary farmers in capital endowment status and disposition structure,which leads to the difference of the restriction of capital endowment. Based on a field survey dataset of 911 rice farmers along the Yangtze River,we evaluated comprehensive value of farmers' ecological production behavior,further used the entropy method to calculate farmer's total capital endowment level and asset level in several dimensions,and classified capital endowment structure. We then analyzed the effect of capital endowment heterogeneity on farmers' behavior of ecological production. The main findings showed as follows:(1)Farmer's total level of capital endowment had a significantly positive impact on its adoption ecological production. Farmers ' material capital endowment,human capital endowment and social capital endowment level all substantially affected farmers' adoption of ecological production.(2)Farmers endowed with dominant economic capital and dominant social capital were more inclined to adopt ecological production practices.(3) The economic capital endowment level and the preponderance of economic capital endowments positively affected ecological production adoption of new type of agricultural business entities. Based on these findings, our policy recommendations were to improve farmers ' capital endowment level and optimize the distribution of farmer 's capital endowment structure so that ecological production practices could be adopted by more farmers.
Ecological production contributes to agricultural pollution reduction,land preservation,and resources conservation,and thus it forms the basic requirement and important path to deepen the supply-side reform in agriculture. For farmers,ecological production can produce environmental goods with positive externality,which serves not only to reduce current unit production cost,but also to boot yields in the future. However,farmers' adoption of ecological production practice is low,which is demonstrated by their lack of motivation and constraint in resources. This severely inhibits the agricultural structural reform. The main reason for this problem is that farmers are constrained by their own capital endowment. Moreover,there is a big difference between the new agricultural management subject and the ordinary farmers in capital endowment status and disposition structure,which leads to the difference of the restriction of capital endowment. Based on a field survey dataset of 911 rice farmers along the Yangtze River,we evaluated comprehensive value of farmers' ecological production behavior,further used the entropy method to calculate farmer's total capital endowment level and asset level in several dimensions,and classified capital endowment structure. We then analyzed the effect of capital endowment heterogeneity on farmers' behavior of ecological production. The main findings showed as follows:(1)Farmer's total level of capital endowment had a significantly positive impact on its adoption ecological production. Farmers ' material capital endowment,human capital endowment and social capital endowment level all substantially affected farmers' adoption of ecological production.(2)Farmers endowed with dominant economic capital and dominant social capital were more inclined to adopt ecological production practices.(3) The economic capital endowment level and the preponderance of economic capital endowments positively affected ecological production adoption of new type of agricultural business entities. Based on these findings, our policy recommendations were to improve farmers ' capital endowment level and optimize the distribution of farmer 's capital endowment structure so that ecological production practices could be adopted by more farmers.
引文
[1]蔡颖萍,杜志雄.家庭农场生产行为的生态自觉性及其影响因素分析——基于全国家庭农场监测数据的实证检验[J].中国农村经济,2016(12):33-45.
[2]张童朝,颜廷武,何可,等.资本禀赋对农户绿色生产投资意愿的影响——以秸秆还田为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(8):78-89.
[3]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用和农药使用为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(4):61-70.
[4]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.
[5]罗小娟,冯淑怡,石晓平,等.太湖流域农户环境友好型技术采纳行为及其环境和经济效应评价——以测土配方施肥技术为例[J].自然资源学报,2013(11):1891-1902.
[6]李后建.农户对循环农业技术采纳意愿的影响因素实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(2):28-36.
[7]杨果,陈瑶.新型农业经营主体参与低碳农业发展的激励机制设计[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):94-99.
[8]黄季焜,齐亮,陈瑞剑.技术信息知识、风险偏好与农民施用农药[J].管理世界,2008(5):71-76.
[9]王琛,吴敬学.农户粮食种植技术选择意愿影响研究[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,15(1):45-53.
[10]丰军辉,何可,张俊飚.家庭禀赋约束下农户作物秸秆能源化需求实证分析——湖北省的经验数据[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):530-537.
[11]GLASS D V,B M. Social mobility in britain[J]. American journal of sociology,1954,9(4):776.
[12]杨云彦,石智雷.中国农村地区的家庭禀赋与外出务工劳动力回流[J].人口研究,2012,36(4):3-17.
[13]张翠娥,李跃梅,李欢.资本禀赋与农民社会治理参与行为——基于5省1599户农户数据的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2016(1):27-37.
[14]邝佛缘,陈美球,鲁燕飞,等.生计资本对农户耕地保护意愿的影响分析——以江西省587份问卷为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(2):58-66.
[15]蔡键.不同资本禀赋下资金借贷对农业技术采纳的影响分析[J].中国科技论坛,2013,1(10):93-98.
[16]谢晋,蔡银莺.生计禀赋对农户参与农田保护补偿政策成效的影响——以成都311户乡村家庭为实证[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(2):116-125.
[17]姚文.家庭资源禀赋、创业能力与环境友好型技术采用意愿——基于家庭农场视角[J].经济经纬,2016,33(1):36-41.
[18]楼栋,孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的多维发展形式和现实观照[J].改革,2013(2):65-77.
[19]龚为纲.项目制与粮食生产的外部性治理[J].开放时代,2015(2):103-122.
[20]闵继胜,孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的模式创新与农业清洁生产——基于黑龙江仁发农机专业合作社的案例分析[J].江海学刊,2017(4):67-73.
[21]姚增福,刘欣.要素禀赋结构升级、异质性人力资本与农业环境效率[J].人口与经济,2018(2):37-47.
[22]伯尔特·俄林.区际贸易与国际贸易[M].逯宇铎,译,北京:华夏出版社,2008:60-62.
[23]李宪宝.异质性农业经营主体技术采纳行为差异化研究[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,16(3):87-94.
[24]盖豪,颜廷武,张俊飚.基于分层视角的农户环境友好型技术采纳意愿研究——以秸秆还田为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2018(4):170-185.
[25]刘乐,张娇,张崇尚,等.经营规模的扩大有助于农户采取环境友好型生产行为吗——以秸秆还田为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(5):17-26.
[26]胡逸文,霍学喜.农户禀赋对粮食生产技术效率的影响分析——基于河南农户粮食生产数据的实证[J].经济经纬,2016(2):42-47.
[27]黄季焜,SCOTT R.技术进步和农业生产发展的原动力:水稻生产力增长的分析[J].农业技术经济,1993(6):21-29.
[28]TEY Y S, BRINDAL M. Factors influencing the adoption of precision agricultural technologies:a review for policy implications[J]. Precision agriculture,2012,13(6):713-730.
[29]国亮,侯军歧.农户禀赋影响节水灌溉技术普及的实证分析——以陕西为例[J].开发研究,2011(1):79-81.
[30]吴比,刘俊杰,徐雪高,等.农户组织化对农民技术采用的影响研究——基于11省1 022个农户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2016(8):25-33.
[31]李晓平,谢先雄,赵敏娟.资本禀赋对农户耕地面源污染治理受偿意愿的影响分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(7):93-101.
[32]黄武,黄宏伟,朱文家.农户秸秆处理行为的实证分析——以江苏省为例[J].中国农村观察,2012(4):37-43.
[33]刘滨,康小兰,殷秋霞,等.农业补贴政策对不同资源禀赋农户种粮决策行为影响机理研究——以江西省为例[J].农林经济管理学报,2014(4):376-383.
[34]王全忠,周宏.农业生产性投资、流转租期与效益追求方式[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,16(5):15-27.
[35]StataCorp. Stata base referenc manual release 15[M]. College Station,TX:Stata Press,2017:2662.
[2]张童朝,颜廷武,何可,等.资本禀赋对农户绿色生产投资意愿的影响——以秸秆还田为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(8):78-89.
[3]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用和农药使用为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(4):61-70.
[4]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.
[5]罗小娟,冯淑怡,石晓平,等.太湖流域农户环境友好型技术采纳行为及其环境和经济效应评价——以测土配方施肥技术为例[J].自然资源学报,2013(11):1891-1902.
[6]李后建.农户对循环农业技术采纳意愿的影响因素实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2012(2):28-36.
[7]杨果,陈瑶.新型农业经营主体参与低碳农业发展的激励机制设计[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):94-99.
[8]黄季焜,齐亮,陈瑞剑.技术信息知识、风险偏好与农民施用农药[J].管理世界,2008(5):71-76.
[9]王琛,吴敬学.农户粮食种植技术选择意愿影响研究[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,15(1):45-53.
[10]丰军辉,何可,张俊飚.家庭禀赋约束下农户作物秸秆能源化需求实证分析——湖北省的经验数据[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):530-537.
[11]GLASS D V,B M. Social mobility in britain[J]. American journal of sociology,1954,9(4):776.
[12]杨云彦,石智雷.中国农村地区的家庭禀赋与外出务工劳动力回流[J].人口研究,2012,36(4):3-17.
[13]张翠娥,李跃梅,李欢.资本禀赋与农民社会治理参与行为——基于5省1599户农户数据的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2016(1):27-37.
[14]邝佛缘,陈美球,鲁燕飞,等.生计资本对农户耕地保护意愿的影响分析——以江西省587份问卷为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(2):58-66.
[15]蔡键.不同资本禀赋下资金借贷对农业技术采纳的影响分析[J].中国科技论坛,2013,1(10):93-98.
[16]谢晋,蔡银莺.生计禀赋对农户参与农田保护补偿政策成效的影响——以成都311户乡村家庭为实证[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(2):116-125.
[17]姚文.家庭资源禀赋、创业能力与环境友好型技术采用意愿——基于家庭农场视角[J].经济经纬,2016,33(1):36-41.
[18]楼栋,孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的多维发展形式和现实观照[J].改革,2013(2):65-77.
[19]龚为纲.项目制与粮食生产的外部性治理[J].开放时代,2015(2):103-122.
[20]闵继胜,孔祥智.新型农业经营主体的模式创新与农业清洁生产——基于黑龙江仁发农机专业合作社的案例分析[J].江海学刊,2017(4):67-73.
[21]姚增福,刘欣.要素禀赋结构升级、异质性人力资本与农业环境效率[J].人口与经济,2018(2):37-47.
[22]伯尔特·俄林.区际贸易与国际贸易[M].逯宇铎,译,北京:华夏出版社,2008:60-62.
[23]李宪宝.异质性农业经营主体技术采纳行为差异化研究[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,16(3):87-94.
[24]盖豪,颜廷武,张俊飚.基于分层视角的农户环境友好型技术采纳意愿研究——以秸秆还田为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2018(4):170-185.
[25]刘乐,张娇,张崇尚,等.经营规模的扩大有助于农户采取环境友好型生产行为吗——以秸秆还田为例[J].农业技术经济,2017(5):17-26.
[26]胡逸文,霍学喜.农户禀赋对粮食生产技术效率的影响分析——基于河南农户粮食生产数据的实证[J].经济经纬,2016(2):42-47.
[27]黄季焜,SCOTT R.技术进步和农业生产发展的原动力:水稻生产力增长的分析[J].农业技术经济,1993(6):21-29.
[28]TEY Y S, BRINDAL M. Factors influencing the adoption of precision agricultural technologies:a review for policy implications[J]. Precision agriculture,2012,13(6):713-730.
[29]国亮,侯军歧.农户禀赋影响节水灌溉技术普及的实证分析——以陕西为例[J].开发研究,2011(1):79-81.
[30]吴比,刘俊杰,徐雪高,等.农户组织化对农民技术采用的影响研究——基于11省1 022个农户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2016(8):25-33.
[31]李晓平,谢先雄,赵敏娟.资本禀赋对农户耕地面源污染治理受偿意愿的影响分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(7):93-101.
[32]黄武,黄宏伟,朱文家.农户秸秆处理行为的实证分析——以江苏省为例[J].中国农村观察,2012(4):37-43.
[33]刘滨,康小兰,殷秋霞,等.农业补贴政策对不同资源禀赋农户种粮决策行为影响机理研究——以江西省为例[J].农林经济管理学报,2014(4):376-383.
[34]王全忠,周宏.农业生产性投资、流转租期与效益追求方式[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,16(5):15-27.
[35]StataCorp. Stata base referenc manual release 15[M]. College Station,TX:Stata Press,2017:2662.