农户土地经营权流转意愿的决定:成本收益还是政策环境?——基于小农户和种粮大户分化视角
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摘要
为探索何种因素对不同规模经营主体的土地经营权流转意愿发挥更为关键的作用,本研究基于安徽、江西、湖北、湖南4省926个水稻种植户的微观调查数据,在OLS模型基础上采用优势分析法,比较成本收益和政策环境2个维度变量对小农户及种粮大户土地流转意愿的相对重要性。结果表明:种稻顷均收入对小农户和种粮大户转入土地意愿均有积极促进作用,而顷均成本仅对种粮大户土地流转意愿产生显著负向影响,此外,政策环境类变量中,仅粮食最低收购价政策满意度对小农户土地流转意愿产生正向影响,而政府对粮食种植的支持力度、农机具购置补贴政策满意度及粮食最低收购价政策满意度均对种粮大户转入土地有促进作用;对于小农户,其土地经营权流转意愿主要受家庭人力资本禀赋的影响,具体表现在家庭农业劳动力人数及家庭农业收入占比是最为关键的影响因素;对于种粮大户,其土地经营权流转意愿主要受其感知的农业政策环境的影响,其中,农机具购置补贴政策和粮食最低收购价政策影响作用相对较大。
The aim of this study is to explore factors playing more critical roles in the willingness of the transfer of land management rights of different scale operator.Based on the microeconomic survey data of 926 rice growers in four provinces of Anhui,Jiangxi,Hunan and Hubei and the OLS model,advantage analysis method is applied to compare the relative importance of two dimensions variables of cost &income variables and policy variables to the willingness of land circulation of small farmers and large grain-planting farmers.The results show that income per unit of land promotes small and large farmers to purchase more land.But the cost per unit of land has a significant negative impact on large farmers' will to purchase more land.Besides,only the satisfaction of minimum grain purchase price policy among the governmental factors has a positive influence on small farmers' will to get more land,and both thegovernmental support for grain planting and the subsidy for agricultural machine have a positive influence.As for small farmers,the will of famers to transfer land management right is mainly affected by the human capital in the family,mainly reflected by the fact that the proportion of agricultural labor and the agricultural income are the key factors.As for the large grain-planting farmers,the will to transfer management right is mainly influenced by how he feels about the agricultural policy environment,among which the subsidy for machines and minimum grain purchase price policy have more significant influence relatively.
The aim of this study is to explore factors playing more critical roles in the willingness of the transfer of land management rights of different scale operator.Based on the microeconomic survey data of 926 rice growers in four provinces of Anhui,Jiangxi,Hunan and Hubei and the OLS model,advantage analysis method is applied to compare the relative importance of two dimensions variables of cost &income variables and policy variables to the willingness of land circulation of small farmers and large grain-planting farmers.The results show that income per unit of land promotes small and large farmers to purchase more land.But the cost per unit of land has a significant negative impact on large farmers' will to purchase more land.Besides,only the satisfaction of minimum grain purchase price policy among the governmental factors has a positive influence on small farmers' will to get more land,and both thegovernmental support for grain planting and the subsidy for agricultural machine have a positive influence.As for small farmers,the will of famers to transfer land management right is mainly affected by the human capital in the family,mainly reflected by the fact that the proportion of agricultural labor and the agricultural income are the key factors.As for the large grain-planting farmers,the will to transfer management right is mainly influenced by how he feels about the agricultural policy environment,among which the subsidy for machines and minimum grain purchase price policy have more significant influence relatively.
引文
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[5]孔凡斌,廖文梅.基于收入结构差异化的农户林地流转行为分析:以江西省为例[J].中国农村经济,2011(8):89-97Kong F B,Liao W M.An analysis of farmer households’woodland transferring behavior based on their differential income structure:Taking Jiangxi Province as example[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011(8):89-97(in Chinese)
[6]吴云青,罗倩,密长林,蔡为民,刘瑶.农民农地准出意愿及影响因素的性别差异:基于天津市578份调查问卷的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):69-74Wu Y Q,Luo Q, Mi C L,Cai W M,Liu Y.Gender differences in farmers’will and influencing factors of farmland transfer:An empirical study based on questionnaires of 578farmers in Tianjin City[J].China Population·Resources and Environment,2016,26(6):69-74(in Chinese)
[7]韩菡,钟甫宁.劳动力流出后“剩余土地”流向对于当地农民收入分配的影响[J].中国农村经济,2011(4):18-25Han H,Zhong F N.The impacts of flow direction of“surplus farmland”left by out-flowing rural labors on local farmers’income distribution[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011(4):18-25(in Chinese)
[8]廖洪乐.农户兼业及其对农地承包经营权流转的影响[J].管理世界,2012(5):62-70,87Liao H L.The part-time work of farmers and its impact on the use rights transfer of the agricultural land[J].Management World,2012(5):62-70,87(in Chinese)
[9]吕世辰,李华.准市民参与耕地流转的现状及影响因素:基于中部地区省内流动的准市民群体的考察[J].中国农村经济.2011(4):57-64Lv S C,Li H.The current situation of quasi-urbanites’participation in cultivated land and analysis of the causal factors:A survey of quasi-urbanites’groups based on the flow of provinces in central China[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2011(4):57-64(in Chinese)
[10]刘玥汐,许恒周.农地确权对农村土地流转的影响研究:基于农民分化视角[J].干旱区资源与环境.2016,30(5):25-30Liu Y X,Xu H Z.Influence of farmland right to rural land circulation:Based on the perspective of farmers differentiation[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(5):25-30(in Chinese)
[11] Holden S T,Bezabih M.Tenure insecurity,transaction costs in the land lease market and their implications for gendered productivity differentials[C].In:International Association of Agricultural Economists,2006(8):12-18
[12]杨昭熙,杨钢.农地化对农户农地流转决策的影响研究[J].中国土地科学,2017(4):33-42,79Yang Z X,Yang G.Study on the impact of fragmentation on the willingness of farmland transfer[J].China Land Sciences,2017(4):33-42,79(in Chinese)
[13]李景刚,高艳梅,臧俊梅.农户风险意识对土地流转决策行为的影响[J].农业技术经济,2014(11):21-30Li J G,Gao Y M,Zang J M.The influence of farmer’s risk awareness on the decision-making behavior of land transfer[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2014(11):21-30(in Chinese)
[14]钟晓兰,李江涛,冯艳芬,李景刚,刘吼海.农户认知视角下广东省农村土地流转意愿与流转行为研究[J].资源科学,2013(10):82-93Zhong X L,Li J T,Feng Y F,Li J G,Liu H H.Farmland transfer willingness and behavior in the perspective of farm household cognition in Guangdong Province[J].Resources Science,2013(10):82-93(in Chinese)
[15]郜亮亮,黄季焜,冀县卿.村级流转管制对农地流转的影响极其变迁[J],中国农村经济,2014(12):18-29Gao L L,Huang J K,Ji X Q.The effect of village-level control over farmland transfer and its changes[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2014(12):18-29(in Chinese)
[16]钟涨宝,汪萍.农地流转过程中的农户行为分析:湖北、浙江等地的农户问卷调查[J].中国农村观察,2003(6):55-64+81Zhong Z B,Wang P.Analysis of farmers'behavior in the process of farmland transfer:Evidence from Hubei and Zhejiang Province[J].China Rural Survey,2003(6):55-64+81(in Chinese)
[17]钱忠好.农地承包经营权市场流转:理论与实证分析:基于农户层面的经济分析[J].经济研究,2003,38(2):83-91,94Qian Z H.Use rights market transfer of the agricultural land:Theoretical and empirical analysis:Economic analysis based on rural households[J].Economic Research,2003,38(2):83-91,94(in Chinese)
[18]钱文荣.浙北传统粮区农户土地流转意愿与行为的实证研究[J].中国农村经济,2002(7):64-68Qian W R.An empirical study on the farmers'willingness and behavior of land transfer in the traditional grain region of north Zhejiang Province[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2002(7):64-68(in Chinese)
[19]西奥多·舒尔茨.改造传统农业[M].梁小民译.北京:商务印书馆,2006:5-11Schultz T W.Transform Traditional Agriculture[M].Liang X M translated.Beijing:Commercial Press,2006:5-11
[20]吴郁玲,曲福田.土地流转的制度经济学分析[J].农村经济,2006,23(1):24-26Wu Y L,Qu F T.Institutional economics analysis of land transfer[J].Rural Economy,2006,23(1):24-26(in Chinese)
[21]徐旭,蒋文华,应风其.我国农村土地流转的动因分析[J].管理世界,2002,23(9):144-145Xu X,Jiang W H,Ying F Q.Analysis of the Causes of Rural Land Transfer in China[J].Management World,2002,23(9):144-145(in Chinese)
[22]曹建华,王红英,黄小梅.农村土地流转的供求意愿及其流转效率的评价研究[J].中国土地科学,2007(5):54-60Cao J H,Wang H Y,Huang X M.Study on supply and demand willingness of rural land transaction and evaluation of transaction efficiency[J].China Land Sciences,2007(5):54-60(in Chinese)
[23]龚为纲,张谦.国家干预与农业转型[J].开放时代,2016(5):57-76Gong W G,Zhang Q.State intervention and agrarian change in China[J].Open Times,2016(5):57-76(in Chinese)
[24]陈池波,吕明霞.从以农补工到反哺农业:对农业补贴短期与长期涵义的探讨[J].农业经济问题,2012,33(12):19-29+110Chen C B,Lv M X.From nurturing industry by agriculture to nurturing agriculture:A discussion on long-term and shortterm implications of agricultural subsidies[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2012,33(12):19-29+110(in Chinese)
[25]吕悦风,陈会广.农业补贴政策及其对土地流转的影响研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015(3):62-67Lv Y F,Chen H G.Study on the agricultural subsidy policies and their impacts on the circulation of agricultural land[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015(3):62-67(in Chinese)
[26] Hei J H.Decoupled payments:Household income transfers in contemporary US agriculture[J].Agricultural Economics Reports,2012,3(822):25-35
[27] Scholl R,Binder C R.Comparison of farmers’mental models of the present and the future:A case study of pesticide use[J].Futures.2010,42(6):593-603
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