饲粮中添加活性干酵母对泌乳牛瘤胃发酵特性和营养物质表观消化率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加活性干酵母对泌乳牛瘤胃发酵特性和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选择泌乳天数、胎次、日均产奶量、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛60头,采用完全随机设计分为4组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组),每组15头牛,各组饲喂相同饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组每日每头奶牛分别投喂0、10、20、30 g活性干酵母。试验期为90 d。试验测定了瘤胃液pH及微生物蛋白(MCP)、氨态氮(NH3-N)、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量以及饲粮和粪中的粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)表观消化率。结果表明:1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组MCP含量比Ⅰ组分别提高了26.87%、29.85%、24.63%(P <0.05)。Ⅲ组瘤胃液乙酸和TVFA含量分别比Ⅰ组提高了5.87%、13.59%(P <0.05)。但各组间瘤胃液pH、NH3-N、丙酸、丁酸含量及乙酸/丙酸差异均不显著(P> 0. 05)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ组CP表观消化率分别比Ⅰ组提高了6.93%、7.22%(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组ADF表观消化率分别比Ⅰ组提高了13.95%、13.26%(P<0.05)。各组间EE、NDF、Ca、P表观消化率等指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综合以上,在本试验条件下,活性干酵母添加量为每日每头20 g时能促进泌乳牛瘤胃发酵,提高TVFA和乙酸含量及CP和ADF表观消化率。
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary active dry yeast on rumen fermentation and nutrient apparent digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Sixty Chinese Holstein dairy cows with similar lactation days,parity,daily average milk yield and body weight were selected,according to the principle of random distribution,the dairy cows were divided into 4 groups( groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ),and 15 dairy cows in each group. The dairy cows were fed the same basal diet,and the groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were added with 0,10,20 and 30 g active dry yeast per head per day,respectively. The feeding trail period was 90 day. The pH and rumen fluid microbial protein( MCP),ammonia nitrogen( NH3-N),total volatile fatty acid( TVFA),acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid contents was determined,the nutrient apparent digestibility of crude protein( CP),crude fat( EE),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF),Ca and P were determined in this experiment. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group Ⅰ,MCP content of groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were increased by 26.87%,29.85% and 24.63%,respectively( P<0.05). The contents of acetic acid and TVFA in the rumen of group Ⅲ were increased by 5.87% and 13.59%( P<0.05)compared with group Ⅰ,respectively. Moreover,the pH and the contents of NH3-N,propionate acid,butyric acid and acetic acid/propionate acid were not significantly changed for each group( P< 0. 05). 2) Compared with group Ⅰ,the apparent digestibility of CP of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was increased by 6.93% and 7.22%( P<0.05),respectively. The apparent digestibility of ADF of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was increased by 13. 95% and13.26%( P<0.05) compared with group Ⅰ,respectively. Moreover,the apparent digestibility of EE,NDF,Ca,P and other indicators was not significantly changed for each group( P > 0.05). In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,adding active dry yeast of 20 g per head per day can promote rumen fermentation,improve the contents of TVFA and acetic acid and the apparent digestibility of CP and ADF of lactating dairy cows.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3338-3345]
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary active dry yeast on rumen fermentation and nutrient apparent digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Sixty Chinese Holstein dairy cows with similar lactation days,parity,daily average milk yield and body weight were selected,according to the principle of random distribution,the dairy cows were divided into 4 groups( groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ),and 15 dairy cows in each group. The dairy cows were fed the same basal diet,and the groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were added with 0,10,20 and 30 g active dry yeast per head per day,respectively. The feeding trail period was 90 day. The pH and rumen fluid microbial protein( MCP),ammonia nitrogen( NH3-N),total volatile fatty acid( TVFA),acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid contents was determined,the nutrient apparent digestibility of crude protein( CP),crude fat( EE),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF),Ca and P were determined in this experiment. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group Ⅰ,MCP content of groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were increased by 26.87%,29.85% and 24.63%,respectively( P<0.05). The contents of acetic acid and TVFA in the rumen of group Ⅲ were increased by 5.87% and 13.59%( P<0.05)compared with group Ⅰ,respectively. Moreover,the pH and the contents of NH3-N,propionate acid,butyric acid and acetic acid/propionate acid were not significantly changed for each group( P< 0. 05). 2) Compared with group Ⅰ,the apparent digestibility of CP of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was increased by 6.93% and 7.22%( P<0.05),respectively. The apparent digestibility of ADF of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was increased by 13. 95% and13.26%( P<0.05) compared with group Ⅰ,respectively. Moreover,the apparent digestibility of EE,NDF,Ca,P and other indicators was not significantly changed for each group( P > 0.05). In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,adding active dry yeast of 20 g per head per day can promote rumen fermentation,improve the contents of TVFA and acetic acid and the apparent digestibility of CP and ADF of lactating dairy cows.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3338-3345]
引文
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[3] UYENO Y,AKIYAMA K,HASUNUMA T,et al.Effects of supplementing an active dry yeast product on rumen microbial community composition and on subsequent rumen fermentation of lactating cows in the mid-late-lactation period[J].Animal Science Journal,2017,88(1):119-124.
[4] CHAUCHEYRAS-DURAND F,WALKER N D,BACH A. Effects of active dry yeasts on the rumen microbial ecosystem:past,present and future[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):5-26.
[5]臧洪波.酵母培养物对瘤胃发酵作用的影响及在奶牛生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2010(11):29-31.
[6] FONTY G,CHAUCHEYRAS-DURAND F. Effects and modes of action of live yeasts in the rumen[J].Biologia,2006,61(6):741-750.
[7] MALEKKHAHI M,TAHMASBI A M,NASERIAN A A,et al. Effects of supplementation of active dried yeast and malate during sub-acute ruminal acidosis on rumen fermentation,microbial population,selected blood metabolites,and milk production in dairy cows[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,213:29-43.
[8] DESNOYERS M,GIGER-REVERDIN S,BERTIN G,et al.Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1620-1632.
[9]班志彬,张国梁,杨华明,等.活性干酵母和纤维素酶对草原红牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度及甲烷排放的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(2):57-61.
[10] HELAL F I S,ABDEL-RAHMAN K A. Productive performance of lactating ewes fed diets supplementing with dry yeast and/or bentonite as feed additives[J].World Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2010,6(5)489-498.
[11] MUOZ C,WILLS D A,YAN T. Effects of dietary active dried yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)supply at two levels of concentrate on energy and nitrogen utilisation and methane emissions of lactating dairy cows[J]. Animal Production Science,2016,57(4):656-664.
[12] BAYAT A R,KAIRENIUS P,STEFAN'SKI T,et al.Effect of camelina oil or live yeasts(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)on ruminal methane production,rumen fermentation,and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage diets[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(5):3166-3181.
[13]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[14] MATHEW B,EASTRIDGE ML,OELKER E R,et al.Interactions of monensin with dietary fat and carbohydrate components on ruminal fermentation and production responses by dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(1):396-409.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433—2006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[16]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432—1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6436—2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6437—2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
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[20]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1459—2007饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定[S].北京:农业出版社,2008.
[21]王之盛,李胜利.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[22]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):37.
[23] COTTA MA,RUSSELL J B.Effect of peptides and amino acids on efficiency of rumen bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(2):226-234.
[24]王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011.
[25] THRUNE M,BACH A,RUIZ-MORENO M,et al.Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal pH and microbial fermentation in dairy cows:yeast supplementation on rumen fermentation[J]. Livestock Science,2009,124(1/2/3):261-265.
[26] CHAUCHEYRAS-DURAND F,AMEILBONNE A,BICHAT A,et al. Live yeasts enhance fibre degradation in the cowrumen through an increase in plant substrate colonization by fibrolytic bacteria and fungi[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2016,120(3):560-570.
[27]刘红娇.活性酵母添加物对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵与生产性能影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[28]夏冬华,李梦,马龙,等.活性干酵母添加水平对瘤胃体外发酵的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(4):42-44.
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