论宽角航摄仪的精度、效率与成像质量
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摘要
针对影响航空摄影测量精度、作业效率和成像质量的各种因素,该文提出了内外方位元素可清晰分离的航摄仪检校场建设方法,实现了航摄仪内方位元素的高精度检校。以此为基础,设计和实践了一种满足现有航测生产要求的高性能宽角航摄仪,该设备具有旁向视场角超过80°、稳定曝光频率2Hz、自动感知飞行速度和地形高、依摄影测量规则自动决定曝光间隔等能力。数万平方千米的生产实践表明:宽角航摄仪影像色彩自然,全局纹理清晰,支持在大速高比环境下航空摄影,其综合作业效率超过当今国际品牌航摄仪2倍以上。
According to the factors that affect the precision,working efficiency and imaging quality of aerial photogrammetry,a method of building the calibration field for unwinding the inner and outer azimuth elements of aerial camera was proposed in this paper,and the high precision calibration of the interior orientation elements of the aerial camera was realized.On this basis,the design and practice of a kind of meet the requirements of the existing photogrammetry production of high-performance wide angle aerial camera,the device has the capability of more than 80°transverse field of view,stable exposure frequency of 2 Hz,automatic sensing of flight speed and terrain height,and automatic determination of exposure interval according to photogrammetry's rules.The production practice of tens of thousands of square kilometers showed that the color of wide-angle aerial camera's image was natural,the overall texture was clear,it supported aerial photography in the environment of large speed high ratio,and its integrated operational efficiency was more than twice that of the international brand aerial camera today.
According to the factors that affect the precision,working efficiency and imaging quality of aerial photogrammetry,a method of building the calibration field for unwinding the inner and outer azimuth elements of aerial camera was proposed in this paper,and the high precision calibration of the interior orientation elements of the aerial camera was realized.On this basis,the design and practice of a kind of meet the requirements of the existing photogrammetry production of high-performance wide angle aerial camera,the device has the capability of more than 80°transverse field of view,stable exposure frequency of 2 Hz,automatic sensing of flight speed and terrain height,and automatic determination of exposure interval according to photogrammetry's rules.The production practice of tens of thousands of square kilometers showed that the color of wide-angle aerial camera's image was natural,the overall texture was clear,it supported aerial photography in the environment of large speed high ratio,and its integrated operational efficiency was more than twice that of the international brand aerial camera today.
引文
[1]武汉测绘学院航空摄影教研组.摄影与空中摄影学[M].北京:测绘出版社,1960.(Aerophotography Teaching and Research Group,Wuhan College of Surveying and Mapping.Photography and aerial photography[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,1960.)
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.1∶500 1∶1 000 1∶2 000地形图航空摄影规范:GB/T6926-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.(General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration.Specifications for aerophogrammetric field work of 1∶500 1∶1 000 1∶2 000topographic maps:GB/T6926-2005[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005.)
[3]李湘宁.工程光学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2009.(LI Xiangning.Engineering optics[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,2009.)
[4]林宗坚.UAV低空航测技术研究[J].测绘科学,2011,36(1):5-9.(LIN Zongjian.UAV borne low altitude photogrammetry system[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2011,36(1):5-9.)
[5]王之卓.摄影测量原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007.(WANG Zhizhuo.Photogrammetry principle[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2007.)
[6]林宗坚,张永红.遥感与地理信息系统数据的信息量及不确定性[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2006,31(7):570-572.(LIN Zongjian,ZHANG Yonghong.Measurement of information and uncertainty of remote sensing and GIS data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,31(7):570-572.)
[7]李德仁,郑肇葆.解析摄影测量学[M].北京:测绘出版社,1992.(LI Deren,ZHENG Zhaobao.Analytical photogrammetry[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,1992.)
[8]冯文灏.近景摄影测量[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012.(FENG Wenhao.Close-range photogrammetry[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2012.)
[9]苏国中,郑顺义,张剑清,等.OpenGL模拟摄仪测量方法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2006,11(4):540-544.(SU Guozhong,ZHENG Shunyi,ZHANG Jianqing,et al.How to relate the OpenGL imaging process with exterior and interior parameters of photogrammetry[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2006,11(4):540-544.)
[10]胡圣荣,罗锡文.病态线性方程组的新解法:误差转移法[J].华南农业大学学报,2001,22(4):92-94.(HUShengrong,LUO Xiwen.A new method for solving illconditioned linear systems[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2001,22(4):92-94.)
[11]胡圣荣,戴纳新.病态线性方程组新解法:增广方程组法[J].华南农业大学学报,2009,30(1):119-121.(HUShengrong,DAI Naxin.A new method for solving illconditioned linear systems:augmented system method[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2009,30(1):119-121.)
[12]林宗坚,苏国中,申朝永,等.主被动多传感器组合的宽角成像系统设计与实验[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017,42(11):1537-1548.(LIN Zongjian,SUGuozhong,SHEN Chaoyong,et al.Design and experiment of an active-passive multi-sensor combined wide-angle imaging system[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2017,42(11):1537-1548.)
[13]张祖勋.航空数码相机及其有关问题[J].测绘工程,2004,13(2):1-5.(ZHANG Zuxun.Aspects on aerial digital cameras[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2004,13(2):1-5.)
[14]LIN Zongjian.UAV for mapping:low altitude photogrammetry survey[C/OL]∥The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2008:1183-1186[2019-02-28].https:∥www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXX-VII/congress/1_pdf/202.pdf.
[15]崔红霞.无人机低空数码摄影测量系统研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2006.(CUI Hongxia.Research on photogrammetry with digital frame camera based on low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)system[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2006.)
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.1∶500 1∶1 000 1∶2 000地形图航空摄影规范:GB/T6926-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.(General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration.Specifications for aerophogrammetric field work of 1∶500 1∶1 000 1∶2 000topographic maps:GB/T6926-2005[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005.)
[3]李湘宁.工程光学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2009.(LI Xiangning.Engineering optics[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,2009.)
[4]林宗坚.UAV低空航测技术研究[J].测绘科学,2011,36(1):5-9.(LIN Zongjian.UAV borne low altitude photogrammetry system[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2011,36(1):5-9.)
[5]王之卓.摄影测量原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007.(WANG Zhizhuo.Photogrammetry principle[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2007.)
[6]林宗坚,张永红.遥感与地理信息系统数据的信息量及不确定性[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2006,31(7):570-572.(LIN Zongjian,ZHANG Yonghong.Measurement of information and uncertainty of remote sensing and GIS data[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,31(7):570-572.)
[7]李德仁,郑肇葆.解析摄影测量学[M].北京:测绘出版社,1992.(LI Deren,ZHENG Zhaobao.Analytical photogrammetry[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,1992.)
[8]冯文灏.近景摄影测量[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012.(FENG Wenhao.Close-range photogrammetry[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2012.)
[9]苏国中,郑顺义,张剑清,等.OpenGL模拟摄仪测量方法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2006,11(4):540-544.(SU Guozhong,ZHENG Shunyi,ZHANG Jianqing,et al.How to relate the OpenGL imaging process with exterior and interior parameters of photogrammetry[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2006,11(4):540-544.)
[10]胡圣荣,罗锡文.病态线性方程组的新解法:误差转移法[J].华南农业大学学报,2001,22(4):92-94.(HUShengrong,LUO Xiwen.A new method for solving illconditioned linear systems[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2001,22(4):92-94.)
[11]胡圣荣,戴纳新.病态线性方程组新解法:增广方程组法[J].华南农业大学学报,2009,30(1):119-121.(HUShengrong,DAI Naxin.A new method for solving illconditioned linear systems:augmented system method[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2009,30(1):119-121.)
[12]林宗坚,苏国中,申朝永,等.主被动多传感器组合的宽角成像系统设计与实验[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017,42(11):1537-1548.(LIN Zongjian,SUGuozhong,SHEN Chaoyong,et al.Design and experiment of an active-passive multi-sensor combined wide-angle imaging system[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2017,42(11):1537-1548.)
[13]张祖勋.航空数码相机及其有关问题[J].测绘工程,2004,13(2):1-5.(ZHANG Zuxun.Aspects on aerial digital cameras[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2004,13(2):1-5.)
[14]LIN Zongjian.UAV for mapping:low altitude photogrammetry survey[C/OL]∥The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2008:1183-1186[2019-02-28].https:∥www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXX-VII/congress/1_pdf/202.pdf.
[15]崔红霞.无人机低空数码摄影测量系统研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2006.(CUI Hongxia.Research on photogrammetry with digital frame camera based on low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)system[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2006.)