果品通风包装预冷效果的数值模拟与实验研究
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摘要
目的为了准确预测果品通风包装箱内的气流分布和传热传质过程。方法建立一个包含箱体、衬垫和果品的3D压差预冷数值模型,采用Fluent模拟箱内的速度和温度分布,并与实验值对比验证模型的可靠性。结果模拟值与实验值两者变化趋势基本吻合,其最大平均相对误差和均方根误差分别为12.2%和1.34℃。大量的冷气流进入与开孔位置近的果品一层,从初温预冷到同一目标温度,预冷时间比果品二层缩短了近35.6%。结论建立的模型能为研究通风包装内部气流分布和传热传质提供参考;包装箱的开孔应均布在包装箱的迎风面上,以确保冷气流均匀地进入各果品层。
The work aims to accurately predict the airflow distribution and heat and mass transfer process inside fruit ventilated package. A 3 D forced-air cooling numerical model including package wall, tray and fruits was developed. Fluent was employed to simulate the velocity and temperature distribution in carton, and the reliability of model was validated by comparing with experimental results. There was a good agreement between the simulated and experimental results, and the maximum average relative error and root-mean-square error were 12.2% and 1.34 ℃, respectively. Due to the large amount of cooling airflow through first layer of stacked apples close to the vent position, the pre-cooling time was nearly 35.6% shorter than that in the second layer from initial temperature to the same target temperature. This model can be used as a reference to study airflow distribution and heat and mass transfer inside ventilated package. The vents should be evenly distributed on the windward side of package to ensure the cold airflow through each fruit layer uniformly.
The work aims to accurately predict the airflow distribution and heat and mass transfer process inside fruit ventilated package. A 3 D forced-air cooling numerical model including package wall, tray and fruits was developed. Fluent was employed to simulate the velocity and temperature distribution in carton, and the reliability of model was validated by comparing with experimental results. There was a good agreement between the simulated and experimental results, and the maximum average relative error and root-mean-square error were 12.2% and 1.34 ℃, respectively. Due to the large amount of cooling airflow through first layer of stacked apples close to the vent position, the pre-cooling time was nearly 35.6% shorter than that in the second layer from initial temperature to the same target temperature. This model can be used as a reference to study airflow distribution and heat and mass transfer inside ventilated package. The vents should be evenly distributed on the windward side of package to ensure the cold airflow through each fruit layer uniformly.
引文
[1]ZHAO C J,HAN J W,YANG X T,et al.A Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Forced-air Cooling Process[J].Applied Energy,2016,168:314-331.
[2]韩佳伟,赵春江,杨信廷,等.送风风速对苹果差压预冷性能的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):280-289.HAN Jia-wei,ZHAO Chun-jiang,YANG Xin-ting,et al.Effect of Air-inflow Velocity on Cooling Efficiency during Forced-air Precooling of Apples[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):280-289.
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[4]申江,丁峰,张现红.变送风参数对西红柿差压预冷节能效果研究[J].制冷学报,2015,36(2):113-118.SHEN Jiang,DING Feng,ZHANG Xian-hong.Research on Energy Saving of Tomato Pressure Pre-cooling by Changing the Supply Air Parameter[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2015,36(2):113-118.
[5]许茹楠,于晋哲,刘斌,等.不同差压预冷风速对贮藏期蒜薹品质的影响[J].制冷学报,2018,39(4):38-41.XU Ru-nan,YU Jin-zhe,LIU Bin,et al.Effect of Different Differential Pressure Precooling Wind Speedon the Quality of Garlic Sprouts during Storage[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2018,39(4):38-41.
[6]季丽丽,梁芸志,陈存坤,等.不同温度差压预冷及其对西葫芦冷藏效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):287-293.JI Li-li,LIANG Yun-zhi,CHEN Cun-kun,et al.Forced-air Pre-cooling of Different Temperatures and Its Effects on Cold Storage of CucurbitaPepo[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(1):287-293.
[7]MOONEY R P,MCFADDEN S,GABALCOVAZ,et al.An Experimental-numerical Method for Estimating Heat Transfer in a Bridgman Furnace[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,67(1/2):61-71.
[8]DEFRAEYE T,LAMBRECHT R,TSIGE A A,et al.Forced-convective Cooling of Citrus Fruit:Package Design[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2013,118(1):8-18.
[9]DELELE M A,NGCOBO M E K,GETAHUN S T,et al.Studying Airflow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Horticultural Produce Packaging System Using a3-D CFD Model.Part II:Effect of Package Design[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2013,86(3):546-555.
[10]DEFRAEYE T,LAMBRECHT R,DELELE M A,et al.Forced-convective Cooling of Citrus Fruit:Cooling Conditions and Energy Consumption in Relation to Package design[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2014,121(1):118-127.
[11]HAN J W,ZHAO C J,YANG X T,et al.Computational Modeling of Airflow and Heat Transfer in a Vented Box during Cooling:Optimal Package Design[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,91:883-893.
[12]杨洲,陈朝海,段洁利,等.荔枝压差预冷包装箱内气流场模拟与试验[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S1):215-217.YANG Zhou,CHEN Chao-hai,DUAN Jie-li,et al.Simulation and Experiment of Airflow Field in Cartons of Pressure-difference Pre-cooling for Litchi[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(S1):215-217.
[13]DELELE M A,NGCOBO M E K,GETAHUN S T,et al.Studying Airflow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Horticultural Produce Packaging System Using a3-D CFD Model.Part I:Model Development and Validation[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2013,86(3):536-545.
[14]季阿敏,郭靖,孟庆海.番茄压差预冷理论模拟与实验[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(1):115-117.JI A-min,GUO Jing,MENG Qing-hai.Theoretical Modeling and Experiment on Pressure-difference Pre-cooling of Tomato[J].Journal of Harbin University of Commerce(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,29(1):115-117.
[15]刘斌,郭亚丽,关文强.果蔬差压预冷方式研究[J].保鲜与加工,2003,3(6):16-18.LIU Bin,GUO Ya-li,GUAN Wen-qiang.Study on Forced Air Precooling Mode of Fruit and Vegetable[J].Storage&Process,2003,3(6):16-18.
[16]陈秀勤,卢立新,王军.包装箱内层装果品差压预冷温度场的数值模拟与验证[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):249-257.CHEN Xiu-qin,LU Li-xin,WANG Jun.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Forced-air Precooling Temperature Field inside Fruit Packaging Box with Multiple-layer Grids[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(12):249-257.
[17]蔡景辉,刘斌,王艳红,等.差压预冷外部遮挡开孔方式数值研究及实验验证[J].制冷学报,2011,32(1):51-57.CAI Jing-hui,LIU Bin,WANG Yan-hong,et al.Numeral Study and Experimental Verification of Vent-hole Type of External Cover on Differential Pressure Cooling[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2011,32(1):51-57.
[18]DEHGHANNYAJ,NGADI M,VIGNEAULT C.Mathematical Modeling Procedures for Airflow,Heat and Mass Transfer During Forced Convection Cooling of Produce:A Review[J].Food Engineering Reviews,2010,2(4):227-243.
[19]陈秀勤,卢立新.集合包装水果的差压预冷研究进展[J].包装工程,2014,35(1):141-147.CHEN Xiu-qin,LU Li-xin.Research Advances of Forced-air Precooling for Multi-packed Fruits[J].Packaging Engineering,2014,35(1):141-147.
[20]王达.果蔬压差通风预冷研究及对其品质影响分析[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2016.WANG Da.Forced-air Precooling Research of Fruit and Vegetable and Analysis of Effects on Its Quality[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2016.
[21]卢改林.热工基础及流体力学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.LU Gai-lin.Thermotechnical Foundation and Fluid Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012.
[22]TUTAR M,ERDOGDU F,TOKA B.Computational Modeling of Airflow Patterns and Heat Transfer Prediction Through Stacked Layers'Products in a Vented Box during Cooling[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2009,32(2):295-306.
[2]韩佳伟,赵春江,杨信廷,等.送风风速对苹果差压预冷性能的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):280-289.HAN Jia-wei,ZHAO Chun-jiang,YANG Xin-ting,et al.Effect of Air-inflow Velocity on Cooling Efficiency during Forced-air Precooling of Apples[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(11):280-289.
[3]O'SULLIVAN J,FERRUA M J,LOVE R,et al.Modelling the Forced-air Cooling Mechanisms and Performance of Polylined Horticultural Produce[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2016,120:23-35.
[4]申江,丁峰,张现红.变送风参数对西红柿差压预冷节能效果研究[J].制冷学报,2015,36(2):113-118.SHEN Jiang,DING Feng,ZHANG Xian-hong.Research on Energy Saving of Tomato Pressure Pre-cooling by Changing the Supply Air Parameter[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2015,36(2):113-118.
[5]许茹楠,于晋哲,刘斌,等.不同差压预冷风速对贮藏期蒜薹品质的影响[J].制冷学报,2018,39(4):38-41.XU Ru-nan,YU Jin-zhe,LIU Bin,et al.Effect of Different Differential Pressure Precooling Wind Speedon the Quality of Garlic Sprouts during Storage[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2018,39(4):38-41.
[6]季丽丽,梁芸志,陈存坤,等.不同温度差压预冷及其对西葫芦冷藏效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(1):287-293.JI Li-li,LIANG Yun-zhi,CHEN Cun-kun,et al.Forced-air Pre-cooling of Different Temperatures and Its Effects on Cold Storage of CucurbitaPepo[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(1):287-293.
[7]MOONEY R P,MCFADDEN S,GABALCOVAZ,et al.An Experimental-numerical Method for Estimating Heat Transfer in a Bridgman Furnace[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,67(1/2):61-71.
[8]DEFRAEYE T,LAMBRECHT R,TSIGE A A,et al.Forced-convective Cooling of Citrus Fruit:Package Design[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2013,118(1):8-18.
[9]DELELE M A,NGCOBO M E K,GETAHUN S T,et al.Studying Airflow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Horticultural Produce Packaging System Using a3-D CFD Model.Part II:Effect of Package Design[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2013,86(3):546-555.
[10]DEFRAEYE T,LAMBRECHT R,DELELE M A,et al.Forced-convective Cooling of Citrus Fruit:Cooling Conditions and Energy Consumption in Relation to Package design[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2014,121(1):118-127.
[11]HAN J W,ZHAO C J,YANG X T,et al.Computational Modeling of Airflow and Heat Transfer in a Vented Box during Cooling:Optimal Package Design[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,91:883-893.
[12]杨洲,陈朝海,段洁利,等.荔枝压差预冷包装箱内气流场模拟与试验[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S1):215-217.YANG Zhou,CHEN Chao-hai,DUAN Jie-li,et al.Simulation and Experiment of Airflow Field in Cartons of Pressure-difference Pre-cooling for Litchi[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(S1):215-217.
[13]DELELE M A,NGCOBO M E K,GETAHUN S T,et al.Studying Airflow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Horticultural Produce Packaging System Using a3-D CFD Model.Part I:Model Development and Validation[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2013,86(3):536-545.
[14]季阿敏,郭靖,孟庆海.番茄压差预冷理论模拟与实验[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(1):115-117.JI A-min,GUO Jing,MENG Qing-hai.Theoretical Modeling and Experiment on Pressure-difference Pre-cooling of Tomato[J].Journal of Harbin University of Commerce(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,29(1):115-117.
[15]刘斌,郭亚丽,关文强.果蔬差压预冷方式研究[J].保鲜与加工,2003,3(6):16-18.LIU Bin,GUO Ya-li,GUAN Wen-qiang.Study on Forced Air Precooling Mode of Fruit and Vegetable[J].Storage&Process,2003,3(6):16-18.
[16]陈秀勤,卢立新,王军.包装箱内层装果品差压预冷温度场的数值模拟与验证[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):249-257.CHEN Xiu-qin,LU Li-xin,WANG Jun.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Forced-air Precooling Temperature Field inside Fruit Packaging Box with Multiple-layer Grids[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(12):249-257.
[17]蔡景辉,刘斌,王艳红,等.差压预冷外部遮挡开孔方式数值研究及实验验证[J].制冷学报,2011,32(1):51-57.CAI Jing-hui,LIU Bin,WANG Yan-hong,et al.Numeral Study and Experimental Verification of Vent-hole Type of External Cover on Differential Pressure Cooling[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2011,32(1):51-57.
[18]DEHGHANNYAJ,NGADI M,VIGNEAULT C.Mathematical Modeling Procedures for Airflow,Heat and Mass Transfer During Forced Convection Cooling of Produce:A Review[J].Food Engineering Reviews,2010,2(4):227-243.
[19]陈秀勤,卢立新.集合包装水果的差压预冷研究进展[J].包装工程,2014,35(1):141-147.CHEN Xiu-qin,LU Li-xin.Research Advances of Forced-air Precooling for Multi-packed Fruits[J].Packaging Engineering,2014,35(1):141-147.
[20]王达.果蔬压差通风预冷研究及对其品质影响分析[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2016.WANG Da.Forced-air Precooling Research of Fruit and Vegetable and Analysis of Effects on Its Quality[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2016.
[21]卢改林.热工基础及流体力学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.LU Gai-lin.Thermotechnical Foundation and Fluid Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012.
[22]TUTAR M,ERDOGDU F,TOKA B.Computational Modeling of Airflow Patterns and Heat Transfer Prediction Through Stacked Layers'Products in a Vented Box during Cooling[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2009,32(2):295-306.