植物提取物的特性及其在母猪生产中的应用
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摘要
母猪繁殖性能是决定猪场生产水平和经济效益的关键因素,而我国母猪年生产力与欧美发达国家还存在明显差距。尽管抗生素作为饲料添加剂在一定程度上改善了母猪繁殖性能,但抗生素在饲料中的过度使用会导致耐药菌的产生以及肉制品残留等问题,危害人类的身体健康和生态环境。植物提取物是用物理或者化学方法,从植物中提取的含有多种天然生物活性物质的植物源添加剂产品。近年来,植物提取物作为抗生素替代物在母猪生产中的应用得到了广泛关注。本文结合国内外研究进展,对植物提取物的特性及其对母猪生产性能的影响进行综述,旨在为植物提取物在母猪生产中的应用进行更深入的研究提供参考。
The reproductive performance of sow s is a primary factor that determines production level and profitability in sw ine enterprise,w hile the piglets number per sow per year in China still w as low er than in USA and EU. Although the use of antibiotics improving the performance of sow s,but the over-use of antibiotics in the diets has caused problems such as bacterial resistance and drug residue in pork product,w hich is harmful for health of human and the ecological environment. Plant extracts are phytogenic products consisting a variety of natural active components,w hich are produced by physical or chemical extraction of natural plants. In recent years,plant extracts,as the alternatives to antibiotics,have attracted increased attention from the sow s industries. Referring to domestic and oversea research,this paper review ed the characteristic of plant extracts and effects on performance of sow s,as w ell as the actual application effects in practice so as to provide a reference for further study in the application of plant extracts in sow s feeding.
The reproductive performance of sow s is a primary factor that determines production level and profitability in sw ine enterprise,w hile the piglets number per sow per year in China still w as low er than in USA and EU. Although the use of antibiotics improving the performance of sow s,but the over-use of antibiotics in the diets has caused problems such as bacterial resistance and drug residue in pork product,w hich is harmful for health of human and the ecological environment. Plant extracts are phytogenic products consisting a variety of natural active components,w hich are produced by physical or chemical extraction of natural plants. In recent years,plant extracts,as the alternatives to antibiotics,have attracted increased attention from the sow s industries. Referring to domestic and oversea research,this paper review ed the characteristic of plant extracts and effects on performance of sow s,as w ell as the actual application effects in practice so as to provide a reference for further study in the application of plant extracts in sow s feeding.
引文
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[3]KIM S W,WEAVER A C,SHEN Y B,et al.Improving efficiency of sow productivity:nutrition and health[J].Journal of Anim al Science and Biotechnology,2013,4(1):26.
[4]MAXWELL C V,COMBS G E,KNABE D A,et al.Effect of dietary chlortetracycline during breeding and(or)farrowing and lactation on reproductive performance of sow s:a cooperative study.S-145 com m ittee on nutritional system s for sw ine to increase reproductive efficiency[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1994,72(12):3169-3176.
[5]ZENG Z K,ZHANG S,WANG H L,et al.Essential oil and arom atic plants as feed additives in non-rum inant nutrition:a review[J].Journal of Anim al Science and Biotechnology,2015,6(1):7.
[6]SI W,GONG J,TSAO R,et al.Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and structurally related synthetic food additives tow ards selected pathogenic and beneficial gut bacteria[J].Journal of Applied M icrobiology,2006,100(2):296-305.
[7]CAPECKA E,MARECZEK A,LEJA M.Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry herbs of som e Lam iaceae species[J].Food Chem istry,2005,93(2):223-226.
[8]TAN C Q,WEI H K,SUN H Q,et al.Effects of dietary supplem entation of oregano essential oil to sow s on oxidative stress status,lactation feed intake of sow s,and piglet perform ance[J].Bio M ed Research International,2015,2015(2):525218.
[9]BREWER M S.Natural antioxidants:sources,compounds,m echanism s of action,and potential applications[J].Com prehensive Review s in Food Science and Food Safety,2011,10(4):221-247.
[10]MUCHUWETI M,KATIVU E,MUPURE C H,et al.Phenolic com position and antioxidant properties of som e spices[J].Am erican Journal of Food Technology,2007,2(5):414-420.
[11]KHKNEN M P,HOPIA A I,VUORELA H J,et al.Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic com pounds[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem istry,1999,47(10):3954-3962.
[12]HU Y J,GAO K G,ZHENG C T,et al.Effect of dietary supplem entation w ith glycitein during late pregnancy and lactation on antioxidative indices and perform ance of prim iparous sow s[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2015,93(5):2246-2254.
[13]XI Q Y,JIANG Y,ZHAO S,et al.Effect of ginseng polysaccharides on the im m unity and grow th of piglets by dietary supplem entation during late pregnancy and lactating sow s[J].Anim al Science Journal,2016,88(6):863-872.
[14]BURT S.Essential oils:their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review[J].International Journal of Food M icrobiology,2004,94(3):223-253.
[15]FRIEDMAN M,HENIKA P R,MANDRELL R E.Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and som e of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni,Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella enterica[J].Journal of Food Protection,2002,65(10):1545-1560.
[16]BOGAVAC M,KARAMAN M,JANJUEVI C'L,et al.Alternative treatm ent of vaginal infections-in vitro antim icrobial and toxic effects of Coriandrum sativum L.and Thymus vulgaris L.essential oils[J].Journal of Applied M icrobiology,2015,119(3):697-710.
[17]KARAMAN M,BOGAVAC M,RADOVANOVI C'B,et al.Origanum vulgare essential oil affects pathogens causing vaginal infections[J].Journal of Applied M icrobiology,2017,122(5):1177-1185.
[18]FRATINI F,CASELLA S,LEONARDI M,et al.Antibacterial activity of essential oils,their blends and m ixtures of their m ain constituents against som e strains supporting livestock m astitis[J].Fitoterapia,2014,96:1-7.
[19]SARKAR P,KUMAR H,RAWAT M,et al.Effect of adm inistration of garlic extract and PGF2αon horm onal changes and recovery in endom etritis cow s[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Anim al Sciences,2006,19(7):964-969.
[20]MAUCH C,BILKEI G.Strategic application of oregano feed supplem ents reduces sow m ortality and improves reproductive perform ance—a case study[J].Journal of Veterinary Pharm acology and Therapeutics,2004,27(1):61-63.
[21]AMRIK B,BILKEI G.Influence of farm application of oregano on perform ances of sow s[J].Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne,2004,45(8):674-677.
[22]ALLAN P,BILKEI G.Oregano improves reproductive perform ance of sow s[J].Theriogenology,2005,63(3):716-721.
[23]HOSSAIN M M,BEGUM M,NYACHOTI C M,et al.Dietary fenugreek seed extract im proves performance and reduces fecal E.coli counts and fecal gas em ission in lactating sow s and suckling piglets[J].Canadian Journal of Anim al Science,2015,95(4):561-568.
[24]LEONARD S G,SWEENEY T,BAHAR B,et al.Effect of dietary seaw eed extracts and fish oil supplem entation in sow s on perform ance,intestinal m icroflora,intestinal m orphology,volatile fatty acid concentrations and im m une status of w eaned pigs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2011,105(4):549-560.
[25]LEONARD S G,SWEENEY T,BAHAR B,et al.Effect of m aternal seaw eed extract supplem entation on suckling piglet grow th,hum oral im m unity,selected m icroflora,and im m une response after an ex vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2012,90(2):505-514.
[26]LEONARD S G,SWEENEY T,BAHAR B,et al.Effects of dietary seaw eed extract supplem entation in sow s and post-w eaned pigs on perform ance,intestinal m orphology,intestinal m icroflora and im m une status[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2011,106(5):688-699.
[27]王志龙,武洪志,王芳芳,等.大豆异黄酮和黄芪多糖对哺乳母猪生产性能、血清生化和免疫指标以及乳成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3970-3976.
[28]TUMMARUK P.Post-parturient disorders and backfat loss in tropical sow s in relation to backfat thickness before farrow ing and postpartum intravenous supportive treatm ent[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Anim al Sciences,2013,26(2):171-177.
[29]STRATHE A V,BRUUN T S,HANSEN C F.Sows w ith high m ilk production had both a high feed intake and high body m obilization[J].Anim al:An International Journal of Anim al Bioscience,2017.DOI:10.1017/S1751731117000155.
[30]KIS R K,BILKEI G.Effect of a phytogenic feed additive on w eaning-to-estrus interval and farrow ing rate in sow s[J].Journal of Sw ine Health and Production,2003,11(6):296-299.
[31]WANG G Y,YANG C W,YANG Z B,et al.Effects of dietary star anise(Illicium verum Hook f)supplem entation during gestation and lactation on the perform ance of lactating m ultiparous sow s and nursing piglets[J].Anim al Science Journal,2015,86(4):401-407.
[32]李雪艳,杨在宾,姜淑贞,等.妊娠后期和泌乳期日粮添加生姜、八角和丹参对母猪抗氧化性能和繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(1):134-139.
[33]LEE S D,KIM J H,JUNG H J,et al.The effect of ginger extracts on the antioxidant capacity and Ig G concentrations in the colostrum and plasm a of neoborn piglets and sow s[J].Livestock Science,2013,154(1/2/3):117-122.
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