博尔塔拉蒙古自治州儿童口腔变形链球菌的分布及其与龋病的相关性研究
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摘要
目的研究博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(博州)3～5岁汉族、维吾尔族、蒙古族儿童口腔内变形链球菌的检出率,以及基因型与儿童龋病间的相关性。方法从博州地区儿童口腔流行病学调查资料样本库中分层随机抽取90名儿童为研究对象,高龋组(龋失补牙数≥5)45名,无龋组(龋失补牙数=0)45名,每组中汉族、维吾尔族、蒙古族儿童各15名,收集牙菌斑样本,用轻唾?杆菌肽琼脂培养基和脑心浸液培养基培养变形链球菌,通过革兰氏染色,生化鉴定和聚合酶链反应等方法进一步分离鉴定临床分离株,并通过随机引物聚合酶链式反应检测基因型分布。结果在90名受检儿童中变形链球菌的检出率为75.5%,高龋组变形链球菌的检出率为86.7%,高于无龋组的64.4%(P=0.014)。汉族、维吾尔族、蒙古族间比较时,变形链球菌的检出率差异无统计学意义(P=0.457)。本实验共获得549株变形链球菌临床菌株,发现113种不同的基因型。高龋组中61.5%的个体携带超过一种以上的变形链球菌基因型,无龋组有37.9%的个体具有一种以上的基因型,高龋组变形链球菌基因多态性高于无龋组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.035)。Spearman相关分析表明,三民族儿童口腔内变形链球菌基因多态性与龋敏感度呈正相关(r=0.258,P=0.034)。结论博州儿童口腔内变形链球菌在高龋组与无龋组间分布有差异,在民族间无差异,高龋组群体中存在的变形链球菌比无龋组拥有更多的基因型数量,其基因多态性可能与变形链球菌的致龋性能相关。
ObjectiveTo study the detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in oral cavities of 3?5?year?old Han,Uygur and Mongolian children in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the correlation between genotype and dental caries of preschool children.MethodsNinety children were randomly selected from the sample bank of chil?dren's oral epidemiological survey data in the Bozhou area of Xinjiang. Forty?five children were included in the high caries group(more than 5 missing teeth), and 45 children were included in the noncaries group(0 missing teeth); each group comprised 15 children of each of the Han, Uygur and Mongolian nationalities. Plaque samples were collected and cultured with light saliva?bacillin agar medium and brain?heart infusion medium. Streptococcus mutans were cultured,and clinical isolates were further isolated and identified by Gram staining, biochemical identification and polymerase chain reaction. Genotype distribution was detected by random primer polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe detec?tion rate of Streptococcus mutans in the 90 included children was 75.5%. The detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in the high caries group was 86.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the caries?free group(64.4%)(P=0.014).There was no significant difference in the distribution of Streptococcus mutans among Han, Uygur and Mongolian nation?alities(P=0.457). A total of 549 clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans were obtained, and 113 different genotypes were found. In the high caries group, 61.5% carried more than one genotype of Streptococcus mutans, and 37.9% of the caries?free group had more than one genotype. The genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans in the high caries group was significantly higher than that in the caries?free group(P=0.035). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between oral Streptococcus mutans gene polymorphism and caries sensitivity(r=0.258,P=0.034).ConclusionThe distribution of Streptococcus mutans in children's oral cavity in the Bozhou area was dif?ferent between the high caries group and the caries?free group, but there was no difference among nationalities. Strepto?coccus mutans in the high caries group had more genotypes than those in the caries?free group. The genetic polymor?phism of Streptococcus mutans might be related to the caries?causing ability of Streptococcus mutans.
ObjectiveTo study the detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in oral cavities of 3?5?year?old Han,Uygur and Mongolian children in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the correlation between genotype and dental caries of preschool children.MethodsNinety children were randomly selected from the sample bank of chil?dren's oral epidemiological survey data in the Bozhou area of Xinjiang. Forty?five children were included in the high caries group(more than 5 missing teeth), and 45 children were included in the noncaries group(0 missing teeth); each group comprised 15 children of each of the Han, Uygur and Mongolian nationalities. Plaque samples were collected and cultured with light saliva?bacillin agar medium and brain?heart infusion medium. Streptococcus mutans were cultured,and clinical isolates were further isolated and identified by Gram staining, biochemical identification and polymerase chain reaction. Genotype distribution was detected by random primer polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe detec?tion rate of Streptococcus mutans in the 90 included children was 75.5%. The detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in the high caries group was 86.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the caries?free group(64.4%)(P=0.014).There was no significant difference in the distribution of Streptococcus mutans among Han, Uygur and Mongolian nation?alities(P=0.457). A total of 549 clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans were obtained, and 113 different genotypes were found. In the high caries group, 61.5% carried more than one genotype of Streptococcus mutans, and 37.9% of the caries?free group had more than one genotype. The genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans in the high caries group was significantly higher than that in the caries?free group(P=0.035). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between oral Streptococcus mutans gene polymorphism and caries sensitivity(r=0.258,P=0.034).ConclusionThe distribution of Streptococcus mutans in children's oral cavity in the Bozhou area was dif?ferent between the high caries group and the caries?free group, but there was no difference among nationalities. Strepto?coccus mutans in the high caries group had more genotypes than those in the caries?free group. The genetic polymor?phism of Streptococcus mutans might be related to the caries?causing ability of Streptococcus mutans.
引文
[1]王兴.第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查报告[M].人民卫生出版社, 2018.
[2]李培森,杨欢,侯鑫山,等.新疆博州地区低龄儿童重度龋病危险因素调查分析[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2018,32(4):220?228.
[3]韩轩,霍媛媛,张琼,等.低龄儿童龋致龋微生物相关生物标志物的研究进展[J].口腔疾病防治,2018,26(6):391?395.
[4] Patidar D, Sogi S, Singh V, et al. Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in early childhood caries:an in vivo study[J]. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2018, 36(4):386?390.
[5]林静,赵今,努尔比亚木·麦麦提依明,等.新疆维吾尔族儿童乳牙龋与变形链球菌基因型相关性的初步研究[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2011, 46(5):267?271.
[6] Ramamurthy PH, Swamy HS, Bennete F, et al. Relationship be?tween severe?early childhood caries, salivary mutans streptococci,and lactobacilli in preschool children of low socioeconomic status in Bengaluru city[J]. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2014, 32(1):44?47.
[7] de Camargo ER, Canalle JB, Capozzoli R, et al. Contribution of Streptococcus Mutans virulence factors and saliva agglutinating ca?pacity to caries susceptibility in children:a preliminary study[J]. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2018, 42(3):188?194.
[8] Valdez RMA, Duque C, Caiaffa KS, et al. Genotypic diversity and phenotypic traits of Streptococcus mutans isolates and their rela?tion to severity of early childhood caries[J]. BMC Oral Health,2017, 17(1):115.
[9] Liu S, Ye T, Yu L, et al. Analysis of small RNAs in Streptococcus mutans under acid stress—a new insight for caries research[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2016, 17(9):1529.
[10] Salman HA, Senthilkumar R, Imran K, Selvam KP. Isola?tion and typing of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobri?nus from caries?active subjects[J]. Contemp Clin Dent. 2017,8(4):587?593.
[11] Villhauer AL, Lynch DJ, Warren JJ, et al. Genotypic character?ization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indi?an and Southeast Iowa children[J]. Clin Exp Dent Res, 2017, 3(6):235?243.
[12] Gr?nroos L, Alaluusua S. Site?specific oral colonization of Mutans Streptococci, detected by arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting[J].Caries Res, 2000, 34(6):474?480.
[13] Banas JA, Drake DR. Are the mutans streptococci still considered relevant to understanding the microbial etiology of dental caries?[J]. Bmc Oral Health, 2018, 18(1):129.
[14] Hemadi AS, Huang R, Zhou Y, et al. Salivary proteins and micro?biota as biomarkers for early childhood caries risk assessment[J].Int J Oral Sci, 2017, 9(11):e1.
[15] Johansson I, Witkowska E, Kaveh B, et al. The Microbiome in pop?ulations with a low and high prevalence of caries[J]. J Dent Res,2016, 95(1):80?86.
[16] Fragkou S, Balasouli C, Tsuzukibashi O, et al. Streptococcus mu?tans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Candida albicans in oral sam?ples from caries?free and caries?active children[J]. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2016, 17(5):1?9.
[17] Xiao C, Ran S, Huang Z, et al. Bacterial diversity and community structure of supragingival plaques in adults with dental health or caries revealed by 16S pyrosequencing[J]. Front Microbiol, 2016, 7(119):1145.
[18] Momeni SS, Whiddon J, Cheon K, et al. Genetic diversity and evi?dence for transmission of Streptococcus mutans by diversiLab rep?PCR[J]. J Microbiol Methods, 2016, 128:108?117.
[19] Cheon K, Moser SA, Whiddon J, et al. Genetic diversity of plaque mutans streptococci with rep?PCR[J]. J Dent Res, 2011, 90(3):331?335.
[20] Pieralisi FJS, Rodrigues MR, Segura VG, et al. Genotypic diversi?ty of Streptococcus mutans in caries?free and caries?active pre?school children[J]. Int J Dent, 2010, 12(2):59?61.
[21] Cheon K, Moser SA, Wiener HW, et al. Characteristics of Strepto?coccus mutans genotypes and dental caries in children[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2013, 121(301):148?155.
[2]李培森,杨欢,侯鑫山,等.新疆博州地区低龄儿童重度龋病危险因素调查分析[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2018,32(4):220?228.
[3]韩轩,霍媛媛,张琼,等.低龄儿童龋致龋微生物相关生物标志物的研究进展[J].口腔疾病防治,2018,26(6):391?395.
[4] Patidar D, Sogi S, Singh V, et al. Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in early childhood caries:an in vivo study[J]. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2018, 36(4):386?390.
[5]林静,赵今,努尔比亚木·麦麦提依明,等.新疆维吾尔族儿童乳牙龋与变形链球菌基因型相关性的初步研究[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2011, 46(5):267?271.
[6] Ramamurthy PH, Swamy HS, Bennete F, et al. Relationship be?tween severe?early childhood caries, salivary mutans streptococci,and lactobacilli in preschool children of low socioeconomic status in Bengaluru city[J]. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2014, 32(1):44?47.
[7] de Camargo ER, Canalle JB, Capozzoli R, et al. Contribution of Streptococcus Mutans virulence factors and saliva agglutinating ca?pacity to caries susceptibility in children:a preliminary study[J]. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2018, 42(3):188?194.
[8] Valdez RMA, Duque C, Caiaffa KS, et al. Genotypic diversity and phenotypic traits of Streptococcus mutans isolates and their rela?tion to severity of early childhood caries[J]. BMC Oral Health,2017, 17(1):115.
[9] Liu S, Ye T, Yu L, et al. Analysis of small RNAs in Streptococcus mutans under acid stress—a new insight for caries research[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2016, 17(9):1529.
[10] Salman HA, Senthilkumar R, Imran K, Selvam KP. Isola?tion and typing of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobri?nus from caries?active subjects[J]. Contemp Clin Dent. 2017,8(4):587?593.
[11] Villhauer AL, Lynch DJ, Warren JJ, et al. Genotypic character?ization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indi?an and Southeast Iowa children[J]. Clin Exp Dent Res, 2017, 3(6):235?243.
[12] Gr?nroos L, Alaluusua S. Site?specific oral colonization of Mutans Streptococci, detected by arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting[J].Caries Res, 2000, 34(6):474?480.
[13] Banas JA, Drake DR. Are the mutans streptococci still considered relevant to understanding the microbial etiology of dental caries?[J]. Bmc Oral Health, 2018, 18(1):129.
[14] Hemadi AS, Huang R, Zhou Y, et al. Salivary proteins and micro?biota as biomarkers for early childhood caries risk assessment[J].Int J Oral Sci, 2017, 9(11):e1.
[15] Johansson I, Witkowska E, Kaveh B, et al. The Microbiome in pop?ulations with a low and high prevalence of caries[J]. J Dent Res,2016, 95(1):80?86.
[16] Fragkou S, Balasouli C, Tsuzukibashi O, et al. Streptococcus mu?tans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Candida albicans in oral sam?ples from caries?free and caries?active children[J]. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2016, 17(5):1?9.
[17] Xiao C, Ran S, Huang Z, et al. Bacterial diversity and community structure of supragingival plaques in adults with dental health or caries revealed by 16S pyrosequencing[J]. Front Microbiol, 2016, 7(119):1145.
[18] Momeni SS, Whiddon J, Cheon K, et al. Genetic diversity and evi?dence for transmission of Streptococcus mutans by diversiLab rep?PCR[J]. J Microbiol Methods, 2016, 128:108?117.
[19] Cheon K, Moser SA, Whiddon J, et al. Genetic diversity of plaque mutans streptococci with rep?PCR[J]. J Dent Res, 2011, 90(3):331?335.
[20] Pieralisi FJS, Rodrigues MR, Segura VG, et al. Genotypic diversi?ty of Streptococcus mutans in caries?free and caries?active pre?school children[J]. Int J Dent, 2010, 12(2):59?61.
[21] Cheon K, Moser SA, Wiener HW, et al. Characteristics of Strepto?coccus mutans genotypes and dental caries in children[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2013, 121(301):148?155.