市场范围、资产专用性与持续经营假设
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摘要
会计政策是一种博弈均衡,其演化内生于经济的发展与变化,具有状态依存性和背景依存性,并不独立存在客观或者最优的会计政策。19世纪末期和20世纪初期,随着市场范围的拓展,专用性程度较高的资本性资产被大规模应用于现代企业,进而使得融资结构向长期融资转移,这奠定了"持续经营假设"的基础和市场对"盈利能力"信息的关注。现代财务会计的内在逻辑应该是植根于长期资本所有者的信息需求,即在准则制定不可能中立的情形下,偏向于长期资本所有者的信息需求,可能是更为恰当的,也是植根于历史的逻辑。
Accounting policy is a type of game equilibrium whose evolution is endogenous to the development and changes in the economy. It has state dependence and background dependence,and is not independent of objective or optimal accounting policy. In the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries,with the expansion of the market scale,capital assets with a higher degree of specificity were applied to modern enterprises on a large scale,leading to the shift of the financing structure to long-term financing,which laid the foundation of the"going concern assumption"and the attention of the market to " profitability" information. The inherent logic of modern financial accounting should be rooted in the information needs of long-term capital owners,that is,in the absence of neutrality in norm-setting,the information needs biased towards longterm capital owners may be more appropriate and also rooted in historical logic.
Accounting policy is a type of game equilibrium whose evolution is endogenous to the development and changes in the economy. It has state dependence and background dependence,and is not independent of objective or optimal accounting policy. In the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries,with the expansion of the market scale,capital assets with a higher degree of specificity were applied to modern enterprises on a large scale,leading to the shift of the financing structure to long-term financing,which laid the foundation of the"going concern assumption"and the attention of the market to " profitability" information. The inherent logic of modern financial accounting should be rooted in the information needs of long-term capital owners,that is,in the absence of neutrality in norm-setting,the information needs biased towards longterm capital owners may be more appropriate and also rooted in historical logic.
引文
阿夫纳·格雷夫、戴维·莱廷、孙涛、李增刚,2015:《内生制度变迁理论》,《制度经济学研究》第8期。
查特菲尔德,1989:《会计思想史》,北京:中国商业出版社。
哈罗德·福克纳,1989:《美国经济史》,北京:商务印书馆。
雷宇,2012:《财务会计的信任功能》,《会计研究》第3期。
利特尔顿,2014:《1900年前会计的演进》,上海:立信会计出版社。
刘峰,2015:《会计·信任·文明》,《会计研究》第11期。
诺思,1994:《制度、制度变迁与经济绩效》,上海:上海三联书店。
佩顿、利特尔顿,2013:《公司会计准则绪论》,上海:立信会计出版社。
普雷维茨、莫里诺,2006:《美国会计史---会计的文化意义》,北京:中国人民大学出版社。
钱德勒,2002:《规模与范围---工业资本主义的原动力》,北京:华夏出版社。
钱德勒,1987:《看得见的手---美国企业的管理革命》,北京:商务印书馆。
沙伊贝尔、瓦特、福克纳,1983:《近百年美国经济史》,北京:中国社会科学出版社。
汪丁丁,2006:《生产函数的知识理论》,《社会科学战线》第1期。
王红建、李青原、王永海,2013:《资产专用性与公司财务会计行为:一个文献综述》,《会计与经济研究》第5期。
杨小凯、黄有光,1999:《专业化与经济组织:一种新兴古典微观经济学框架》,北京:经济科学出版社。
张五常,2010:《经济解释(卷一):科学说需求》,北京:中信出版社,第85、101页。
Brief,R.,1966,“The origin and evolution of nineteen-century asset accounting”,Business History Review,40(1).
Chandler,A.,1954,“Patterns of American railroad finance,1830-1850”,Business History Review,28(3).
Dixit,A.,2003,“Trade expansion and contract enforcement”,Journal of Political Economy,11(6).
Georgiou,O.,Jack,L.,2011,“In pursuit of legitimacy:a history behind fair value accounting”,The British Accounting Review,43(4).
Hatfield,H.,1927,“What is the matter with accounting?”,Journal of Accountanc,44(4).
Horton,J.,Macve,R.,2000,“Fair value for financial instruments:how erasing theory is leading to unworkable global accounting standards for performance reporting”,Australian Accounting Review,10(21).
Holthausen,R.W.,Watts,R.L.,2001,“The relevance of the value-relevance literature for financial accounting standard setting”,Journal of Accounting and Economics,31(1-3).
Kim,D.,2005,“Firm financing,ownership structure and market competition in United States manufacturing during the nineteen century”,The Journal of Economic History,65(2).
Li,J.,2003,“Relation-based versus rule-based governance:an explanation of the east Asian miracle and Asian crisis”,Review of International Economics,11(4).
Richard,J.,2004,“The secret past of fair value:lessons from history applied to the French case”,Accounting in Europe,1(1).
Ulmer,M.,1955,“Long-term trends in the financing of regulated industries,1870-1950”,Journal of Finance,10(2).Vent,G.,Milne,R.,2000,“Accounting practice of the St.Joseph Lead Company:1864-1900”,Accounting,Business and Financial History,10(2).
Walker,R.,1992,“The SEC’s ban upward asset revaluations and the disclosure of current values”,Abacus,28(1).
Williamson,O.,1988,“Corporate finance and corporate governance”,The Journal of Fiance,43(3).
Young,A.,1928,“Increasing returns and economic progress”,History of Economic Thought Articles,38(152).
Zeff,S.,2007,“The SEC rules historical cost accounting:1934 to the 1970s”,Accounting and Business Research,Special issue:international accounting policy forum,37(3).
查特菲尔德,1989:《会计思想史》,北京:中国商业出版社。
哈罗德·福克纳,1989:《美国经济史》,北京:商务印书馆。
雷宇,2012:《财务会计的信任功能》,《会计研究》第3期。
利特尔顿,2014:《1900年前会计的演进》,上海:立信会计出版社。
刘峰,2015:《会计·信任·文明》,《会计研究》第11期。
诺思,1994:《制度、制度变迁与经济绩效》,上海:上海三联书店。
佩顿、利特尔顿,2013:《公司会计准则绪论》,上海:立信会计出版社。
普雷维茨、莫里诺,2006:《美国会计史---会计的文化意义》,北京:中国人民大学出版社。
钱德勒,2002:《规模与范围---工业资本主义的原动力》,北京:华夏出版社。
钱德勒,1987:《看得见的手---美国企业的管理革命》,北京:商务印书馆。
沙伊贝尔、瓦特、福克纳,1983:《近百年美国经济史》,北京:中国社会科学出版社。
汪丁丁,2006:《生产函数的知识理论》,《社会科学战线》第1期。
王红建、李青原、王永海,2013:《资产专用性与公司财务会计行为:一个文献综述》,《会计与经济研究》第5期。
杨小凯、黄有光,1999:《专业化与经济组织:一种新兴古典微观经济学框架》,北京:经济科学出版社。
张五常,2010:《经济解释(卷一):科学说需求》,北京:中信出版社,第85、101页。
Brief,R.,1966,“The origin and evolution of nineteen-century asset accounting”,Business History Review,40(1).
Chandler,A.,1954,“Patterns of American railroad finance,1830-1850”,Business History Review,28(3).
Dixit,A.,2003,“Trade expansion and contract enforcement”,Journal of Political Economy,11(6).
Georgiou,O.,Jack,L.,2011,“In pursuit of legitimacy:a history behind fair value accounting”,The British Accounting Review,43(4).
Hatfield,H.,1927,“What is the matter with accounting?”,Journal of Accountanc,44(4).
Horton,J.,Macve,R.,2000,“Fair value for financial instruments:how erasing theory is leading to unworkable global accounting standards for performance reporting”,Australian Accounting Review,10(21).
Holthausen,R.W.,Watts,R.L.,2001,“The relevance of the value-relevance literature for financial accounting standard setting”,Journal of Accounting and Economics,31(1-3).
Kim,D.,2005,“Firm financing,ownership structure and market competition in United States manufacturing during the nineteen century”,The Journal of Economic History,65(2).
Li,J.,2003,“Relation-based versus rule-based governance:an explanation of the east Asian miracle and Asian crisis”,Review of International Economics,11(4).
Richard,J.,2004,“The secret past of fair value:lessons from history applied to the French case”,Accounting in Europe,1(1).
Ulmer,M.,1955,“Long-term trends in the financing of regulated industries,1870-1950”,Journal of Finance,10(2).Vent,G.,Milne,R.,2000,“Accounting practice of the St.Joseph Lead Company:1864-1900”,Accounting,Business and Financial History,10(2).
Walker,R.,1992,“The SEC’s ban upward asset revaluations and the disclosure of current values”,Abacus,28(1).
Williamson,O.,1988,“Corporate finance and corporate governance”,The Journal of Fiance,43(3).
Young,A.,1928,“Increasing returns and economic progress”,History of Economic Thought Articles,38(152).
Zeff,S.,2007,“The SEC rules historical cost accounting:1934 to the 1970s”,Accounting and Business Research,Special issue:international accounting policy forum,37(3).