用集合论方法从“九句因”看因三相的不可或缺性
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摘要
准确区分概念的内涵和外延是正确认识问题的基础,正确认识因明辩论思维过程是理解陈那因明的关键。用现代集合论的方法,按照传统因明辩论的思维过程,在清晰划分概念的基础上,可以得出陈那因三相的不可或缺的结论。也能进一步认清法称因三相的科学性和局限性。同品,是指除了宗有法外,辩论论题所依据的"公理"中的因法类元素的集合。而不一定是具体某个论题中的因法类元素的集合;异品是同品和宗有法以外的元素的集合。九句因是由辩论时具体的论式中的因法类元素所构成的集合在公理中"因法类集合"和"非因法类集合"间的相互关系的反映。陈那因明,不仅包含了形式逻辑的基本内容,还包含了集合论思想。不仅提供了一个论题的是非判断标准,还提供了用已知公理推断未知命题是非的科学方法。不仅符合逻辑规律,还具有旺盛的实践生命力。采用集合论的方法能够很清晰地得出二八正因和因三相结论。
To correctly distinguish the connotation and denotation of concepts is the basis of understanding a problem, and to correctly understand Hetuvidya debate thinking is the core for understanding the Chen hetuvidya. According to the traditinal Hetuvidya debate thinking and through sets theory method, the indispensability of three laws of Hutu can be drawn based on the clear distinction of concepts, which can also be used to recognize the scientificity and limitation of so-called three laws of Hutu. The same product refers to the collection of law class elements in the "right" which is the basis of debating topics, in addition to the law of Zong, and it is not necessarily a specific topic for law class elements in the collection. Conversely, the different product is a collection of elements except with the same product and the law of Zong. Hetucakra is the reflection of the projection relationship between "the class set by law" and "the non-class set by law " in the third set of classes in the "right"(determined by the specific formula when debating). The Chen hetuvidya, containing both the basic content of formal logic and sets theory thought, provides not only a standard for judging between right and wrong, but also a scientific method to deduce unknown propositions based on known self-evident truth. It accords with logical rule and has great practical vitality. We can clearly achieve the conclusions of Erba Zhengyin and Three Laws of Hutu by adopting the method of set theory.
To correctly distinguish the connotation and denotation of concepts is the basis of understanding a problem, and to correctly understand Hetuvidya debate thinking is the core for understanding the Chen hetuvidya. According to the traditinal Hetuvidya debate thinking and through sets theory method, the indispensability of three laws of Hutu can be drawn based on the clear distinction of concepts, which can also be used to recognize the scientificity and limitation of so-called three laws of Hutu. The same product refers to the collection of law class elements in the "right" which is the basis of debating topics, in addition to the law of Zong, and it is not necessarily a specific topic for law class elements in the collection. Conversely, the different product is a collection of elements except with the same product and the law of Zong. Hetucakra is the reflection of the projection relationship between "the class set by law" and "the non-class set by law " in the third set of classes in the "right"(determined by the specific formula when debating). The Chen hetuvidya, containing both the basic content of formal logic and sets theory thought, provides not only a standard for judging between right and wrong, but also a scientific method to deduce unknown propositions based on known self-evident truth. It accords with logical rule and has great practical vitality. We can clearly achieve the conclusions of Erba Zhengyin and Three Laws of Hutu by adopting the method of set theory.
引文
1姚南强,因明研究四十年述要[J],哲学研究,1989年第11期.
2 周文英,《中国逻辑思想史稿》,第144页
3 蔡伯铭,吕才与因明[J],黄石师院学报,1984年第1期:62-67.
4 巫寿康,论<因明正理门论>体系内部的矛盾及解决矛盾的新途径[J],因明研究,中国会议,1990-6-30.
5 黄志强,评因明研究中的几个误区[J],广西师院学报(哲学社会科学版),2002年1月,第23卷第1期:18-22.
6 曾祥云,因明研究中的逻释主义评析[J],佛学研究,1995:265-270.
1图·乌力吉、阿旺丹增,也探佛教的九句因和因三相[J],内萦古师大学报(哲学社会科学版),一九九七年第三期:64-70.
2 周文英,《中国逻辑思想史稿》,第144页
3 蔡伯铭,吕才与因明[J],黄石师院学报,1984年第1期:62-67.
4 巫寿康,论<因明正理门论>体系内部的矛盾及解决矛盾的新途径[J],因明研究,中国会议,1990-6-30.
5 黄志强,评因明研究中的几个误区[J],广西师院学报(哲学社会科学版),2002年1月,第23卷第1期:18-22.
6 曾祥云,因明研究中的逻释主义评析[J],佛学研究,1995:265-270.
1图·乌力吉、阿旺丹增,也探佛教的九句因和因三相[J],内萦古师大学报(哲学社会科学版),一九九七年第三期:64-70.