微藻废水生物处理技术研究进展
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摘要
微藻因生长速率快、细胞脂质含量高及具有生物隔离二氧化碳能力,已作为新一代生物质能源受到广泛关注.然而,投入大量淡水资源并需在生长期间持续提供营养物质已成为规模化培育微藻的主要障碍.将微藻培育系统与废水处理相结合是经济可行的污水资源化方案.基于微藻生长期间对氮磷等营养物质的利用机制,本文综述了微藻在各类废水生物处理过程中的应用情况,着重分析了其对废水中有机与无机化合物、重金属以及病原体的去除或抑制能力.同时,考察了废水初始营养物浓度、光照、温度、pH与盐度以及气体交换量等环境因素对微藻生长代谢的影响.此外,结合微藻规模化应用所面临的问题,对微藻废水处理技术的应用前景及发展方向进行了展望,旨在为水生态系统的建设与管理提供参考.
Microalgae has the advantages of high growth rates, high cellular lipid productivity and capability to bio-sequester carbon dioxide, and thus being widely studied as a new generation of biomass energy. The sustained investment in freshwater resources and nutrients during its growth period, however, is a major obstacle to large-scale cultivation. Combining a microalgae culture system with wastewater treatment is an economically viable wastewater resource utilization strategy. Based on the utilization mechanism of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus during the growth of microalgae, we reviewed the application of microalgae in the biological wastewater treatment. The removal/inhibition ability of organic and inorganic compounds, heavy metals and pathogens were analyzed. The effects of environmental factors including the initial nutrient concentration, light, temperature, pH, salinity and gas exchange on the growth and metabolism of microalgae were investigated. In addition, combined with the problems faced by the large-scale application of microalgae, the application prospect and development direction of microalgae wastewater treatment were prospected, with the aim to provide references for the construction and management of water ecosystems.
Microalgae has the advantages of high growth rates, high cellular lipid productivity and capability to bio-sequester carbon dioxide, and thus being widely studied as a new generation of biomass energy. The sustained investment in freshwater resources and nutrients during its growth period, however, is a major obstacle to large-scale cultivation. Combining a microalgae culture system with wastewater treatment is an economically viable wastewater resource utilization strategy. Based on the utilization mechanism of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus during the growth of microalgae, we reviewed the application of microalgae in the biological wastewater treatment. The removal/inhibition ability of organic and inorganic compounds, heavy metals and pathogens were analyzed. The effects of environmental factors including the initial nutrient concentration, light, temperature, pH, salinity and gas exchange on the growth and metabolism of microalgae were investigated. In addition, combined with the problems faced by the large-scale application of microalgae, the application prospect and development direction of microalgae wastewater treatment were prospected, with the aim to provide references for the construction and management of water ecosystems.
引文
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[18] Goncalves AL,Pires JCM,Simoes M.A review on the use of microalgal consortia for wastewater treatment.Algal Research,2017,24:403-415
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[21] Razzak SA,Ali SAM,Hossain MM,et al.Biological CO2 fixation with production of microalgae in wastewater:A review.Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,76:379-390
[22] Zhu J,Rong J,Zong B.Factors in mass cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel.Chinese Journal of Catalysis,2013,34:80-100
[23] Suganya T,Varman M,Masjuki HH,et al.Macroalgae and microalgae as a potential source for commercial applications along with biofuels production:A biorefinery approach.Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,55:909-941
[24] Martinez ME,Jimenez JM,Yousfi FE.Influence of phosphorus concentration and temperature on growth and phosphorus uptake by the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus.Bioresource Technology,1999,67:233-240
[25] Zamani N,Noshadi M,Amin S,et al.Effect of alginate structure and microalgae immobilization method on orthophosphate removal from wastewater.Journal of Applied Phycology,2012,24:649-656
[26] Solovchenko A,Verschoor AM,Jablonowski ND,et al.Phosphorus from wastewater to crops:An alternative path involving microalgae.Biotechnology Advances,2016,34:550-564
[27] Brown N,Shilton A.Luxury uptake of phosphorus by microalgae in waste stabilisation ponds:Current understanding and future direction.Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2014,13:321-328
[28] Chen M,Tang H,Ma H,et al.Effect of nutrients on growth and lipid accumulation in the green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta.Bioresource Technology,2011,102:1649-1655
[29] Ji MK,Kabra AN,Salama ES,et al.Effect of mine wastewater on nutrient removal and lipid production by a green microalga Micratinium reisseri from concentrated municipal wastewater.Bioresource Technology,2014,157:84-90
[30] Wan M,Jin X,Xia J,et al.The effect of iron on growth,lipid accumulation,and gene expression profile of the freshwater microalga Chlorella sorokiniana.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98:9473-9481
[31] Singh P,Guldhe A,Kumari S,et al.Combined metals and EDTA control:An integrated and scalable lipid enhancement strategy to alleviate biomass constraints in microalgae under nitrogen limited conditions.Energy Conversion and Management,2016,114:100-109
[32] Chen YM,Xu T,Kapoore RV,et al.Influence of nutrient status on the accumulation of biomass and lipid in Nannochloropsis salina and Dunaliella salina.Energy Conversion and Management,2015,106:61-72
[33] Yeesang C,Cheirsilp B.Effect of nitrogen,salt,and iron content in the growth medium and light intensity on lipid production by microalgae isolated from freshwater sources in Thailand.Bioresource Technology,2011,102:3034-3040
[34] Brennan L,Owende P.Biofuels from microalgae:A review of technologies for production,processing,and extractions of biofuels and co-products.Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14:557-577
[35] Tan X,Lam MK,Uemura Y,et al.Cultivation of microalgae for biodiesel production:A review on upstream and downstream processing.Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2018,26:17-30
[36] Reichert CC,Reinehr CO,Costa JAV.Semicontinuous cultivation of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in a closed photobioreactor.Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2006,23:23-28
[37] Barros AI,Goncalves AL,Simoes M,et al.Harvesting techniques applied to microalgae:A review.Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,41:1489-1500
[38] Kadir WNA,Lam MK,Uemura Y,et al.Harvesting and pre-treatment of microalgae cultivated in wastewater for biodiesel production:A review.Energy Conversion and Management,2018,171:1416-1429
[39] Wang L,Li Y,Chen P,et al.Anaerobic digested dairy manure as a nutrient supplement for cultivation of oil-rich green microalgae Chlorella sp.Bioresource Techno-logy,2010,101:2623-2628
[40] Zhu L,Wang Z,Shu Q,et al.Nutrient removal and biodiesel production by integration of freshwater algae cultivation with piggery wastewater treatment.Water Research,2013,47:4294-4302
[41] Kothari R,PAthak VV,Kumar V,et al.Experimental study for growth potential of unicellular alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa on dairy waste water:An integrated approach for treatment and biofuel production.Bioresource Tech- nology,2012,116:466-470
[42] Zhang Y,Su H,Zhong Y,et al.The effect of bacterial contamination on the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in wastewater from the production of soybean products.Water Research,2012,46:5509-5516
[43] Hernandez JP,De-Bashan LE,Bashan Y.Starvation enhances phosphorus removal from wastewater by the microalga Chlorella spp.co-immobilized with Azospirillum brasilense.Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2006,38:190-198
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