偏置磁场对Fe-Ga合金磁致伸缩导波传感器性能的影响
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摘要
利用Fe-Ga合金应变大、驱动简单和磁机耦合系数高的优点制成的Fe-Ga合金磁致伸缩导波传感器是一种新型导波检测装置。为提高传感器的换能效率,结合Fe-Ga合金材料的非线性本构关系,并且通过实验测量Fe-Ga合金材料的静态特性,初步得到了Fe-Ga合金材料工作的最佳磁场强度范围。将Fe-Ga合金材料的非线性本构关系耦合到导波传感器中,建立了Fe-Ga合金磁致伸缩导波传感器激励、传播、接收的模型。通过分析传感器永磁体的提离效应,得出最佳提离距离为2.5 mm。通过对接收电压及应变的分析,得到了传感器的永磁体剩余磁场强度为1.0 T。选取非均匀分布的静态偏置磁场大小为1.0 T,提离距离为2.5 mm,仿真计算得到接收端的电压峰值为0.15 V。
Fe-Ga alloy has the advantages of large strain,short response time,high energy density,high magnetic coupling coefficient and simple driving mode. Fe-Ga alloy transducer will generate eddy current losses with high frequency driving current. The larger driving current leads to more obvious skin effect,eddy current losses and inhomogeneous distribution of magnetic field,which will affect the output displacement and power of the transducer. In this paper,the distribution of magnetic field in Fe-Ga rod under different frequencies is analyzed based on Maxwell's equations. The magnetic field distribution in Fe-Ga transducer and relationship between output displacement and frequency are studied based on structural dynamics model of Fe-Ga transducer. The results show that the resonance frequency of the Fe-Ga transducer used in this paper is 700 Hz and the maximum output displacement is 6 μm.
Fe-Ga alloy has the advantages of large strain,short response time,high energy density,high magnetic coupling coefficient and simple driving mode. Fe-Ga alloy transducer will generate eddy current losses with high frequency driving current. The larger driving current leads to more obvious skin effect,eddy current losses and inhomogeneous distribution of magnetic field,which will affect the output displacement and power of the transducer. In this paper,the distribution of magnetic field in Fe-Ga rod under different frequencies is analyzed based on Maxwell's equations. The magnetic field distribution in Fe-Ga transducer and relationship between output displacement and frequency are studied based on structural dynamics model of Fe-Ga transducer. The results show that the resonance frequency of the Fe-Ga transducer used in this paper is 700 Hz and the maximum output displacement is 6 μm.
引文
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[12]龙盛蓉,钟毓宁,刘莹,等.偏置磁场均匀性对磁致伸缩导波传感器输出特性的影响[J].石油学报,2014(2):390-394.
[13]孙鹏飞,武新军,从明.磁致伸缩纵向导波管道检测数值建模与分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(6):1250-1256.
[14]Zhou H M,Zhou Y H,Zheng X J,et al.A General 3-D Nonlinear Magnetostrictive Constitutive Model for Soft Ferromagnetic Materials[J].Journal of Magnetism&Magnetic Materials,2009,321(4):281-290.
[15]Zheng X J,Liu X E.A Nonlinear Constitutive Model for Terfenol-DRods[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2005,97(5):61.
[16]阳昌海,文玉梅,李平,等.偏置磁场对磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料磁电效应的影响[J].物理学报,2008,57(11):7292-7297.
[17]Yoo B,Na S M,Flatau A B,et al.Directional Magnetostrictive Patch Transducer Based on Galfenol’s Anisotropic Magnetostriction Feature[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2014,23(9):095035.
[2]Kim Y G,Moon H S,Park K J,et al.Generating and Detecting Torsional Guided Waves Using Magnetostrictive Sensors of Crossed Coils[J].Ndt&E International,2011,44(2):145-151.
[3]Lee J K,Kim H W,Kim Y Y.Omnidirectional Lamb Waves by Axisymmetrically-Configured Magnetostrictive Patch Transducer[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics Frequency Control,2013,60(9):1928-34.
[4]刘增华,樊军伟,何存富,等.基于全向型S_0模态磁致伸缩传感器的无参考缺陷成像方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,10:8-16.
[5]Clark A E,Marilyn W F,Restorff J B,et al.Magnetostrictive Properties of Fe-Ga Alloys under Compressive Stress[J].Materials Transactions,2002,43(5):881-886.
[6]孙英,靳辉,郑奕,等.磁致伸缩液位传感器检测信号影响因素分析及实验研究[J].传感技术学报,2015,28(11):1607-1613.
[7]Song X,Jin Z,Yu H.Influences of Magnetic Circuit Structure of Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Transducer on the Homogeneity of Bias Magnetic Field[J].International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics&Mechanics,2010,33(1):581-588.
[8]黄凤英,周正干.静态偏置磁场对电磁超声换能器灵敏度的影响[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(10):1-7.
[9]Dutton B,Boonsang S,Dewhurst R J.A New Magnetic Configuration for a Small in-Plane Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Applied to Laser-Ultrasound Measurements:Modelling and Validation[J].Sensors&Actuators A P&Actuators A Physical,2006,125(2):249-259.
[10]孙永,徐江,周金海,等.磁致伸缩导波传感器换能效率估计方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(7):1705-1713.
[11]Lee H,Kim Y Y.Wave Selection Using a Magnetomechanical Sensor in a Solid Cylinder[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of A-merica,2002,112(1):953-60.
[12]龙盛蓉,钟毓宁,刘莹,等.偏置磁场均匀性对磁致伸缩导波传感器输出特性的影响[J].石油学报,2014(2):390-394.
[13]孙鹏飞,武新军,从明.磁致伸缩纵向导波管道检测数值建模与分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(6):1250-1256.
[14]Zhou H M,Zhou Y H,Zheng X J,et al.A General 3-D Nonlinear Magnetostrictive Constitutive Model for Soft Ferromagnetic Materials[J].Journal of Magnetism&Magnetic Materials,2009,321(4):281-290.
[15]Zheng X J,Liu X E.A Nonlinear Constitutive Model for Terfenol-DRods[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2005,97(5):61.
[16]阳昌海,文玉梅,李平,等.偏置磁场对磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料磁电效应的影响[J].物理学报,2008,57(11):7292-7297.
[17]Yoo B,Na S M,Flatau A B,et al.Directional Magnetostrictive Patch Transducer Based on Galfenol’s Anisotropic Magnetostriction Feature[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2014,23(9):095035.