基于众包的数据优化——以数字方志特藏资源建设为例
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摘要
众包是基于互联网的新型社会化协作机制。文章结合数字方志资源的非结构化数据特点,介绍众包的基本概念、工作流程和实现方式,从提高众包参与者体验与众包平台可用性角度讨论众包平台人机交互功能重要性,从技术实现角度设计众包平台的人机交互功能,从提高众包效果角度给出众包结果质量控制的典型方法。
Crowdsourcing is a new type of social cooperation mechanism based on the Internet. Its main feature is to make full use of the collective intelligence of network users to solve problems that computers still can't solve effectively. This paper first gives an introduction to the unstructured characteristics of digital local chronicles,as well as the basic concept,workflow and implementation ways of crowdsourcing. Then,in light of crowdsourcing participants' user experience and the availability of the crowdsourcing platform,it points out the importance of improving human-computer interactions. In the end,it puts forward some suggestions to realize better human-computer interactions,so as to improve the efficiency and ensure the high quality of crowdsourcing.
Crowdsourcing is a new type of social cooperation mechanism based on the Internet. Its main feature is to make full use of the collective intelligence of network users to solve problems that computers still can't solve effectively. This paper first gives an introduction to the unstructured characteristics of digital local chronicles,as well as the basic concept,workflow and implementation ways of crowdsourcing. Then,in light of crowdsourcing participants' user experience and the availability of the crowdsourcing platform,it points out the importance of improving human-computer interactions. In the end,it puts forward some suggestions to realize better human-computer interactions,so as to improve the efficiency and ensure the high quality of crowdsourcing.
引文
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[2]关富英,李书宁.众包---图书馆特色资源建设路径新选择[J].图书馆杂志,2015(2):58-62,93.
[3]霍建梅,李书宁.高校图书馆数字参考咨询引进众包模式研究---基于德尔菲法的调查分析[J].图书情报工作,2013(6):73-78.
[4]王琳,钟永文.图书馆文献资源建设的众包基础与对策研究[J].图书馆工作与研究,2015(10):48-50.
[5]陈翀,罗文馨,张黎雪,等.书评众包的用户参与意愿及影响因素研究---以北京师范大学图书馆为例[J].图书情报工作,2016(14):109-114.
[6]霍建梅,李书宁.图书馆数字馆藏建设用户参与激励机制探究[J].图书情报工作,2015(2):5-10.
[7]Howe J.The rise of crowdsourcing[J].Wired Magazine,2006,14(6):1-4.
[8]冯剑红,李国良,冯建华.众包技术研究综述[J].计算机学报,2015(9):1713-1726.
[9]管心宇.大数据众包竞赛[J].科技创业,2014(6):36-40.
[10]Luis Von Ahn,Benjamin Maurer,Colin Mcmillen,et al.reCAPTCHA:Human-Based Character Recognition via Web Security Measures[J].Science,2008,321(5895):1465-1468.
[11]赵斌.“人类计算”可用于解决复杂社会问题[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].http://www.bkweek.cn/a/lanmu/zhuanlan/2016/0223/4591.html.
[12]reCAPTURE.[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].http://t.cn/R4OE2QE.
[13]Kittur A,Nickerson J V,Bernstein M,et al.The future of crowd work[C]//Proceedings of the 2013Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.New York:ACM,2013:1301-1318.
[14]CCF.2016-2017中国计算机科学技术发展报告[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2017.
[15]Li G,Wang J,Zheng Y,et al.Crowdsourced Data Management:A Survey[J].IEEE Transactions on Knowledge&Data Engineering,2016,28(9):2296-2319.
[16]Franklin M J,Kossmann D,Kraska T,et al.CrowdDB:answering queries with crowdsourcing[C]//ACMSIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data.New York:ACM,2011:61-72.
[17]Lee J,Cho H,Park J W,et al.Hybrid entity clustering using crowds and data[J].The VLDB Journal,2013,22(5):711-726.
[18]Park H,Garcia-Molina H,Pang R,et al.Deco:a system for declarative crowdsourcing[J].Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,2012,5(12):1990-1993.
[19]Feng A,Franklin M J,Kossmann D,et al.CrowdDB:Query Processing with the VLDB Crowd[J].Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,2011,4:1387-1390.
[20]Liu X,Lu M,Ooi B C,et al.CDAS:a crowdsourcing data analytics system[J].Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,2012,5(10):1040-1051.
[21]Zheng Y,Wang J,Li G,et al.QASCA:A QualityAware Task Assignment System for Crowdsourcing Applications[J].SIGMOD,2015,107:1031-1046.
[22]Ipeirotis P G,Provost F,Wang J.Quality management on Amazon Mechanical Turk[C]//ACM SIGKDDWorkshop on Human Computation.New York:ACM,2010:64-67.
[23]Dawid A P,Skene A M.Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Observer Error-Rates Using the EMAlgorithm[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1979,28(1):20-28.
[24]Venanzi M,Guiver J,Kazai G,et al.Communitybased bayesian aggregation models for crowdsourcing[C]//International Conference on World Wide Web.New York:ACM,2014:155-164.
[25]贝叶斯定理[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8F%B6%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86/1185949?fr=aladdin.
[26]方志特征[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1594922-446661171625&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[27]Europeana1914-1918[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].http://www.europeana1914-1918.eu/en/ab-out.