虚拟火灾场景构建及个体应激生理反应测评
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摘要
为研究个体在面对火灾时的应激状况和差异性,使用Sketch Up、Unity3D等软件创建某宿舍楼虚拟火灾场景;利用Ergo LAB人机环同步平台对参与虚拟火灾逃生场景的40名实验对象,进行平静状态和虚拟火灾下心率、皮电、皮温三种生理指标的实时监测。利用SPSS软件对数据进行处理和分析,探讨实验对象在虚拟火灾逃生前后生理指标的整体变化情况,并分别研究生理指标的波动情况在不同性别和年级之间的差异性。选取心率增长率作为定量评估不同个体应激生理反应大小的指标,提出需要重点关注和培训的对象。
In order to study the stress and difference of individuals in face of fire, Sketch Up, Unity 3D, and etc. was used to create the virtual fire scene in a dormitory building. Then Ergo LAB was used to do real-time monitoring of three kinds of physiological indexes: heart rate, galvanic skin, skin temperature, for the 40 subjects who participated in the virtual fire escape scene, under a state of calm and virtual fire scene respectively. Then SPSS software was used to do data processing and analysis, and subjects' whole change of physiological indexes before and after the virtual fire escape was discussed, the difference of physiological indexes' fluctuations in different gender and grade was also studied respectively.The growth rate of heart rate was selected as the index of quantitative assessment to evaluate the stress value of physiological responses in different individuals, and the subjects who need to be focused and trained were found out.
In order to study the stress and difference of individuals in face of fire, Sketch Up, Unity 3D, and etc. was used to create the virtual fire scene in a dormitory building. Then Ergo LAB was used to do real-time monitoring of three kinds of physiological indexes: heart rate, galvanic skin, skin temperature, for the 40 subjects who participated in the virtual fire escape scene, under a state of calm and virtual fire scene respectively. Then SPSS software was used to do data processing and analysis, and subjects' whole change of physiological indexes before and after the virtual fire escape was discussed, the difference of physiological indexes' fluctuations in different gender and grade was also studied respectively.The growth rate of heart rate was selected as the index of quantitative assessment to evaluate the stress value of physiological responses in different individuals, and the subjects who need to be focused and trained were found out.
引文
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[20]CHEN Y.Detecting drivers'stress in emergency using physiological sensors[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,742(11):150-157.
[2]刘浩学.交通心理学[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1992.
[3]MEEHAN M,RAZZAQUE S,INSKO B,et al.Review of four studies on the use of physiological reaction as a measure of presence in stressful virtual environments[J].Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback,2005,30(3):239-258.
[4]OLSSON A,PHELPSE A.Learned fear of'Unseen'faces after Pavlovian,observational,and instructed fear[J].Psychological Science,2004,(12):822-828.
[5]WANG H H,ZHANG Z J,TAN Q R,et al.Psychopathological,biological,and neuroimaging characterization of posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors of a severe coalmining disaster in China[J].Journal of Psychiatric Research,2010,44(6):385-392.
[6]WEIDERHOLD B K,GERVIRT Z R,WIEDERHOLD M D.Fear of fl ying:A case report using virtual reality therapy with physiological monitoring[J].Cyber Psychology&Behavior,1998,1(2):97-103.
[7]NIE B S,ZHAO P F,WANG X Y,et al.Experimental study on the psychological impacts of mine accidents based on the changes of physiological characteristics[J].Disaster Advances,2013,6(S6):7-14.
[8]陈雪梅,魏中华,高利.紧急情况下驾驶员行为研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(5):449-454.
[9]邓丽红,孟恩弘,刘微微.基于皮电、心率和β波的指挥人员应急能力度量[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(11):170-176.
[10]CAUSSE M,DEHAIS F,PéRAN P,et al.The effects of emotion on pilot decision-making:A neuroergonomic approach to aviation safety[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2013,33:272-281.
[11]FORNETTE M P,BARDEL M H,LEFRAN?OIS C,et al.Cognitive-adaptation training for improving performance and stress management of air force pilots[J].The International Journal of Aviation Psychology,2012,22(3):203-223.
[12]王均国,庞国强,贾志绚.驾驶员应激与行车安全[J],山西交通科技,2002,(1):61-62.
[13]MENG F X,ZHANG W.Way-finding during a fire emergency:an experimental study in a virtual environment[J].Ergonomics,2014,57(6):816-827.
[14]孟凡兴,张伟.火灾下紧急逃生的虚拟现实系统开发与评估[J].人类工效学,2013,19(2):23-26.
[15]ANDREASSI J L.Psychophysiology:Human behavior and physiological response[M].Hillsdale:Erlbaum,1995.
[16]GUYTON A C.Textbook of medical physiology[M].Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders,1986.
[17]APPARIES R J,RINIOLO T C,PORGES S W.A psychophysiological investigation of the effects of driving longer-combination vehicles[J].Ergonomics,1998,41(5):581.
[18]DEKKER J M,SCHOUTEN E G.Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic recordings predict mortality from all causes in middle aged and elderly men[J].Am J Epidemiol,1997,45(10):899-908.
[19]阎莹,刘浩学,郭忠印.不同交通流状态下驾驶员心理生理特性研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(10):1372-1377.
[20]CHEN Y.Detecting drivers'stress in emergency using physiological sensors[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,742(11):150-157.