新疆艾比湖湿地土壤水盐空间变异性分析
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摘要
为揭示艾比湖湿地土壤退化程度空间分布特征,在离艾比湖湖滨5~15 km,绕湖一周160 km范围内,以湖心质点为中心,将艾比湖划分为东北、东南、西南、西北4个区域,采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法对表层(0~20 cm)土壤盐分、含水量与p H的空间分异特征进行研究.结果表明:绕湖一周不同区域的土壤盐分均属中等变异强度;土壤含水量在西北部属强变异性,而东北、东南和西南部均属中等变异强度;土壤p H在不同区域内均属弱变异强度.绕湖一周除西北部土壤盐分的半方差理论模型较符合球状模型外,其它区域土壤盐分、含水量和p H均符合高斯模型;受结构性因素影响,不同区域土壤盐分、含水量和p H均具有较强的空间相关性;西南部土壤盐分、含水量和p H的Moran's I系数比其它区域的波动大,表明空间相关性较强.艾比湖湿地常年大风、干旱、缺水及沙化盐化的自然因素与引水围堰、种植耐盐碱植物的人为活动造成了采样区表层土壤盐分、含水量和p H的空间分布多呈现不规则条带状格局.艾比湖湿地土壤以盐土为主,重度盐化土次之,土壤盐渍化日益严重.
Systematic research of soil water and salt is commonly lack in previous studies for the Lake Ebinur,thus in this study,in order to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of soil degradation degree in the Lake Ebinur wetland,by taking the lake side of a distance to the Lake Ebinur 5-15 km,a circle area of 160 km2 as research area. The spatial variability of soil salinity,p H and moisture in the surface layer( 0-20 cm) of in the circle sampling area of Lake Ebinur was analyzed by using traditional statistics and geo-statistics. The results indicated that the variation in salinity was moderate in the different directions. The soil moisture in the Northeast,Southeast and Southwest belongs to the medium variation intensity,while the northwest belongs to strong variability. The soil p H of different directions has weak variation. Except that the soil salinity of northwest follows with the spherical model,soil salinity,water content and p H in other different directions were in line with the Gaussian model. Soil salinity,water content and p H of different directions showed strong spatial autocorrelation,which were mainly affected by structural factors. Moran's I coefficient analysis proved that soil salinity in the southwest,water content and p H was stronger in spatial correlation than that in the other directions. The natural factors including winds,drought,water scarcity,desertification,salinization,and human activities including diversion cofferdam,planting drought-resistant and salt-tolerant plants,were contributed to sampling area of Lake Ebinurwetland spatial distribution of surface soil salinity,water content and p H. Soil in the Lake Ebinur wetland is mainly of saline-based type,followed by the type of severe salinization and more serious salinization.
Systematic research of soil water and salt is commonly lack in previous studies for the Lake Ebinur,thus in this study,in order to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of soil degradation degree in the Lake Ebinur wetland,by taking the lake side of a distance to the Lake Ebinur 5-15 km,a circle area of 160 km2 as research area. The spatial variability of soil salinity,p H and moisture in the surface layer( 0-20 cm) of in the circle sampling area of Lake Ebinur was analyzed by using traditional statistics and geo-statistics. The results indicated that the variation in salinity was moderate in the different directions. The soil moisture in the Northeast,Southeast and Southwest belongs to the medium variation intensity,while the northwest belongs to strong variability. The soil p H of different directions has weak variation. Except that the soil salinity of northwest follows with the spherical model,soil salinity,water content and p H in other different directions were in line with the Gaussian model. Soil salinity,water content and p H of different directions showed strong spatial autocorrelation,which were mainly affected by structural factors. Moran's I coefficient analysis proved that soil salinity in the southwest,water content and p H was stronger in spatial correlation than that in the other directions. The natural factors including winds,drought,water scarcity,desertification,salinization,and human activities including diversion cofferdam,planting drought-resistant and salt-tolerant plants,were contributed to sampling area of Lake Ebinurwetland spatial distribution of surface soil salinity,water content and p H. Soil in the Lake Ebinur wetland is mainly of saline-based type,followed by the type of severe salinization and more serious salinization.
引文
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[2]Jordán MM,Navarro-Pedreo J,García-Sánchez E et al.Spatial dynamics of soil salinity under arid and semi-arid conditions gelogical and environmental implieations.Environmental Geology,2004,45:448-456.
[3]Herbst M,Diekkruger B.Modelling the spatial variability of soil moisture in micro-scale catehment and comparison with field data using geostatisties.Physics and Chemisty of the Earth,2003,8:239-245.
[4]Cemek B,Gnler M,Kilic K et al.Assessment of spatial variability in some soil properties as related to soil salinity and alkalinty in Bafra plain in northern Turkey.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2007,124:223-234.
[5]Yang Jingsong,Yao Rongjiang.Spatial variability of soil water and salt characteristics in the Yellow River delta.Scientia Geographica Scinica,2007,27(3):348-353(in Chinese with English abstract).[杨劲松,姚荣江.黄河三角洲地区土壤水盐空间变异特征研究.地理科学,2007,27(3):348-353.]
[6]Zhang Bo,Meng Bao,Hao Jianxiu et al.Heterogeneity of soil moisure and salt contents and its eco-environmental effects in oasis-desert belt in arid zone—taking Zhangye Oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe River as a case study.Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(1):81-84(in Chinese with English abstract).[张勃,孟宝,郝建秀等.干旱区绿洲-荒漠带土壤水盐异质性及生态环境效应研究——以黑河中游张掖绿洲为例.中国沙漠,2006,26(1):81-84.]
[7]LüGuohong,Zhou Li,Jia Qingyu et al.Study on soil water and salt contents for main vegetation communities in the Liaohe Delta.Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2010,26(6):65-70(in Chinese with English abstract).[吕国红,周莉,贾庆宇等.辽河三角洲主要植被类型土壤水盐含量研究.气象与环境学报,2010,26(6):65-70.]
[8]Gong Lu,Han Li,Ren Manli et al.Spatial variability of soil water-salt in a typical oasis on the upper reaches of the Tarim River.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(4):251-255,278(in Chinese with English abstract).[贡璐,韩丽,任曼丽等.塔里木河上游典型绿洲土壤水盐空间分异特征.水土保持学报,2012,26(4):251-255,278.]
[9]Luo Geping,Zhang Baiping.Sustainable land use models for arid lands:A case study of the Northern Tianshan Mountain Areas.Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(11):1160-1170(in Chinese with English abstract).[罗格平,张百平.干旱区可持续土地利用模式分析:以天山北坡为例.地理学报,2006,61(11):1160-1170.]
[10]Jin Hailong,Bai Xiang,Man Zhonglong et al.Space different of soil in Xinjiang Lake Ebinur Wetland Natural Reserve District.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(2):150-157(in Chinese with English abstract).[金海龙,白祥,满中龙等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区土壤空间异质性研究.干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(2):150-157.]
[11]Ran Qiyang,LüGuanghui,Wei Xuefeng et al.Enzyme activities and physicochemical properties of soils in the Lake Ebinur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang,China.Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):715-722(in Chinese with English abstract).[冉启洋,吕光辉,魏雪峰等.艾比湖自然保护区土壤酶活性及理化性质.干旱区研究,2014,31(4):715-722.]
[12]Yang Jianjun,LüGuanghui,Zhang Yan et al.Research on soil respiration of different plant communities in Lake Ebinur Basin.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2009,46(2):223-231(in Chinese with English abstract).[杨建军,吕光辉,张燕等.艾比湖流域土壤呼吸日变化及水热因子影响.新疆农业科学,2009,46(2):223-231.]
[13]Yang Xiaodong,Fu Deping,Yuan Yue et al.Analysis on interspecific relationship of the dominant plant species in the Lake Ebinur Wetland Nature Reserve,Xinjiang.Arid Zone Research,2010,27(2):249-256(in Chinese with English abstract).[杨晓东,傅德平,袁月等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区主要植物的种间关系.干旱区研究,2010,27(2):249-256.]
[14]Li Lei,Li Yanhong,Chen Chengheri et al.Change of Lake Ebinur area during 1972-2011.Wetland Science,2014,12(2):263-268(in Chinese with English abstract).[李磊,李艳红,陈成贺日等.1972~2011年期间艾比湖面积变化研究.湿地科学,2014,12(2):263-268.]
[15]Bao Shidan ed.Soil agricultural chemistry analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005(in Chinese).[鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.]
[16]Xinjiang Department of Agriculture,Xinjiang Soil Survey Office eds.The soil of Xinjiang.Beijing:Science Press,1996:151-521(in Chinese).[新疆农业厅,新疆土壤普查办公室.新疆土壤.北京:科学出版社,1996:151-521.]
[17]Hu Kelin,Li Baoguo,Lin Qimei et al.Spatial variability of soil nutrient in wheat field.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1999,15(3):33-38(in Chinese with English abstract).[胡克林,李保国,林启美等.农田土壤养分的空间变异性特征.农业工程学报,1999,15(3):33-38.]
[18]Wang Zhengquan ed.Application of geostatistics in ecology.Beijing:Science Press,1999:162-192(in Chinese).[王政权.地统计学及其在生态学中的应用.北京:科学出版社,1999:162-192.]
[19]Song Xinshan,He Yan,Wang Yonghui.Theories and application of salt distribution field in water-soil environment on study of soil salination in Songnen Plain.Scientia Geographica Scinica,2003,23(1):72-76(in Chinese with English abstract).[宋新山,何岩,汪永辉.水土化学场理论在松嫩平原盐渍土研究中的应用.地理科学,2003,23(1):72-76.]
[20]Liu Fucheng,Shi Xuezheng,Pan Xianzhang et al.Characteristics of spatial variability of total phosphorus in soil of the typical area of Taihu Lake watershed.Scientia Geographica Scinica,2003,23(1):77-81(in Chinese with English abstract).[刘付程,史学正,潘贤章等.太湖流域典型地区土壤磷素含量的空间变异特征.地理科学,2003,23(1):77-81.]
[21]Jia Xiaohong,Li Xinrong,Zhou Haiyan et al.Spatial heterogeneity analysis of soil property at plough horizon of farm land by irrigating using Yellow River in arid desert region.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(5):101-104(in Chinese with English abstract).[贾晓红,李新荣,周海燕等.黄灌沙区农田耕层土壤性状空间异质性分析.水土保持学报,2005,19(5):101-104.]
[22]Hu Wei,Shao Ming'an,Wang Quanjiu.Scale-dependency of spatial variability of soilmoisture on a degraded slope-land on the Loess Plateau.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(8):11-16(in Chinese with English abstract).[胡伟,邵明安,王全九.黄土高原退耕坡地土壤水分空间变异的尺度性研究.农业工程学报,2005,21(8):11-16.]
[23]Zhang CS,Mcgrath D.Geostatistical and GIS analyses on soil organic carbon concentrations in grassland of southeastern Ireland from two different periods.Geoderma,2004,119:261-275.
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