不同温度下MS-222对硬头鳟幼鱼的麻醉效果
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摘要
为探究不同温度下MS-222对硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykis)幼鱼的麻醉效果,试验中在不同温度条件下(8、12和16℃),使用不同质量浓度的MS-222对硬头鳟进行麻醉,测定对其呼吸频率、复苏时间和入麻时间的影响。研究结果表明,水温8、12和16℃时MS-222麻醉硬头鳟幼鱼的有效质量浓度分别为50～90、50～70和40～70mg/L,长时间浸浴麻醉最佳浓度分别为50、40和40。当低于有效浓度时,幼鱼呼吸频率较对照无显著差异;当达到有效浓度时,呼吸频率存在不同程度下降,且随温度升高,下降速率加快。温度越高,硬头鳟入麻时间越短,达到麻醉4期所需浓度降低,复苏时间越长。实验结果表明:MS-222对硬头鳟具有良好的麻醉作用,有效浓度随水温变化产生差异,其对硬头鳟的呼吸频率、复苏时间和入麻时间与浓度和温度密切相关,应综合考虑MS-222麻醉浓度和水温之间的交互作用,根据使用需求选择适宜的浓度。
In order to explore the anesthetic effect of MS-222 on steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)juveniles at different temperatures,MS-222 at different concentrations was used to anaesthetize O.mykis at different temperatures.The respiratory frequency,recovery and anesthetic times of the experimental fish were recorded to evaluate the anesthetic effect.The results showed that the optimum concentrations of MS-222 on juveniles of steelhead at 8,12 and 16℃ were 50～90,50～70 and 40～70 mg/L,respectively,and the optimum concentrations for long-time anesthetisis at these temperatures were 50,40 and 40 mg/L,respectively.There was no remarkable difference in respiratory frequency between groups lower than the optimum concentrations and the control.There were varying degrees of decline in respiratory frequency at optimum concentration groups in comparison with the control,and the speed increased with the increase of temperature.After up to 12 times of repeated anesthesia,the time needed for anesthesia and resuscitation of juveniles was prolonged with the increase of temperature.Our experiments indicated that MS-222 has a good effect on the anesthesia of steelhead trout.The optimum concentrations of MS-222 and the effects of espiratory frequency and recovery and anesthetic times were closely related to temperature.These results provided a potential application for the use of MS-222 to anesthetize hardhead in operations such as aquaculture production and scientific research.The interaction between MS-222 anesthetic concentration and water temperature should be considered comprehensively during application.
In order to explore the anesthetic effect of MS-222 on steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)juveniles at different temperatures,MS-222 at different concentrations was used to anaesthetize O.mykis at different temperatures.The respiratory frequency,recovery and anesthetic times of the experimental fish were recorded to evaluate the anesthetic effect.The results showed that the optimum concentrations of MS-222 on juveniles of steelhead at 8,12 and 16℃ were 50～90,50～70 and 40～70 mg/L,respectively,and the optimum concentrations for long-time anesthetisis at these temperatures were 50,40 and 40 mg/L,respectively.There was no remarkable difference in respiratory frequency between groups lower than the optimum concentrations and the control.There were varying degrees of decline in respiratory frequency at optimum concentration groups in comparison with the control,and the speed increased with the increase of temperature.After up to 12 times of repeated anesthesia,the time needed for anesthesia and resuscitation of juveniles was prolonged with the increase of temperature.Our experiments indicated that MS-222 has a good effect on the anesthesia of steelhead trout.The optimum concentrations of MS-222 and the effects of espiratory frequency and recovery and anesthetic times were closely related to temperature.These results provided a potential application for the use of MS-222 to anesthetize hardhead in operations such as aquaculture production and scientific research.The interaction between MS-222 anesthetic concentration and water temperature should be considered comprehensively during application.
引文
[1]杨贵强,徐绍刚,王跃智,等.硬头鳟幼鱼部分形态性状和体重的关系[J].动物学杂志,2011,46(1):16-22.Yang G Q,Xu SH G,Wang Y ZH,et al.The relationship between partial morphometric and body weight of juvenile steelhead(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2011,46(1):16-22.
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[3]史鲲鹏,董双林,周演根,等.不同倍性虹鳟幼鱼对急性温度胁迫的抗氧化响应[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(9):3102-3110.Shi K,Dong S,Zhou Y,et al.Antioxidant responses of rainbow trout with different ploidies to acute temperature stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(9):3102-3110.
[4]张家松,杜晓燕,夏克立,等.密度对网箱养殖硬头鳟生长及经济效益的影响[J].水产学杂志,2017,30(3):7-11.Zhang J,Du X,Xia K,et al.Effect of stocking density on survival and growth in steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)cultured in a cage[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2017,30(3):7-11.
[5]杜浩,危起伟,样德国,等.MS-222、丁香油、苯唑卡因对养殖美洲鲥幼鱼的麻醉效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2007,22(1):20-26.Du H,Wei Q,Yang D,et al.Anaesthetic effects of MS-222,clove oil and benzocaine on cultured American shad Alosa sapidissimafinglings[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2007,22(1):20-26.
[6]官曙光,关健,刘洪军,等.MS-222麻醉许氏平鲉幼鱼的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2011,35(5):1-6.Guan S,Guan J,Liu H,et al.Anesthetic effect of MS-222on juveniles of Sebastes schlegeli[J].Marine Sciences,2011,35(5):1-6.
[7]刘长琳,陈四清,何力,等.MS-222对半滑舌鳎成鱼的麻醉效果研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(1):92-99.Liu C,Chen S,He L,et al.Effects of MS-222as an anaesthetic on adult Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(1):92-99.
[8]刘莹,于超勇,官曙光,等.MS-222麻醉黑鲷幼鱼的初步研究[J]齐鲁渔业,2015,10:1-4.Liu Y,Yu C,Guan S,et al.Effects of MS-222as an anaesthetic on juveniles of Sparus macrocephlus[J].Shandong Fisheries,2015,10:1-4.
[9]康玉军,段欢欢,沈娟娟,等.MS-222对1龄虹鳟的麻醉效果研究[J].科学养鱼,2016,4:50-51.Kang Y,Duan H,Shen J,et al.Anesthetic effect of MS-222on 1-year-old rainbow trout[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2016,4:50-51.
[10]菅玉霞,潘雷,胡发文,等.温度和盐度对大泷六线鱼仔鱼存活与生长的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(5):24-29.Jian Y,Pan L,Hu F,et al.The effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of larval Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks[J].Progress In Fishery Sciences,2012,33(5):24-29.
[11]关健,官曙光,郑永允,等.2-苯氧乙醇和丁香酚对许氏平鲉幼鱼麻醉效果的实验研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(6):22-31.Guan J,Guan S,Zheng Y,et al.Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil as anaesthetics on juvenile Sebastes schlegeli[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2010,31(6):22-31.
[12] Marking L L,Meyer F P.Are batter anesthetics needed in fisheries?[J].Fisheries,1985,10(6):2-5.
[13]李春梅,黄永坚.MS-222麻醉金鱼的研究[J].黄冈职业技术学院院报,2002,4(4):67-70.Li C,Huang Y.Studies on anaesthetic to gold fish by MS--222[J].Journal of Huanggang Technic College,2002,4(4):67-70.
[14]张朝晖,丛娇日,王波,等.麻醉剂丁香酚对黄蜡鲹耗氧的影响[J].海洋科学,2003,27(6):11-14.Zhang C,Cong J,Wang B,et al.The effect of Anaesthetic eugenol on the oxygen consumption rates of Trachinotus blochii[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(6):11-14.
[15] Cooke S J,Suski C D,Ostrand K G.Behavioral and physiological assessment of low concentrations of clove oil anaesthetic for handing and transporting largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Aquaculture,2004,239:509-529.
[16]官敏,胡美洪,刘勇,等.MS-222对长鳍吻鮈幼鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].水产科技情报,2015,42(2):72-77.Guan M,Hu M,Liu Y,et al.Anesthetic effects of MS-222on Rhinogobio ventralis[J].Fisheries Science and Technology Information,2015,42(2):72-77.
[17] Mahmut Y,Metin K.The anaesthecis effects of quinaldine sulphate and/or diazapam on sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)juveniles[J].Turk J Vet Anim Scl,2001,25:185-189.
[18]张涛,杨阳,侯俊利,等.MS-222、丁香酚对多鳞四指马鲅幼鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(2):136-142.Zhang T,Yang Y,Hou J,et al.Anesthetic effects of MS-222and eugenol on Eleutheronema rhadinumfingerlings[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(2):136-142.
[19]张民强,汪开毓,王均,等.MS-222对斑点叉尾鮰麻醉效果的研究[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(1):21-25.
[20]赵明,柳学周,徐永江,等.MS-222麻醉圆斑星鲽成鱼效果研究[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(4):531-537.Zhao M,Liu X,Xu Y,et al.Study on Anaesthetic Effects of MS-222on Adult Verasper variegates[J].Advances in Marine Science,2010,28(4):531-537.
[21]包杰,冯帆,于业辉,等.丁香油对孔雀鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,6:162-163.Bao J,Feng F,Yu Y,et al.Effects of clove oil as an anaesthetic on Poecilia reticulata[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016,6:162-163.
[22]梁政远,安丽娜,缪凌鸿,等.丁香油对鲤鱼和罗非鱼的麻醉作用[J].水产学杂志,2009,22(1):42-45.Liang Z,An L,Liao L,et al.The anaesthesia effect of clove oil on common carp(Cyprinns carpio Linnaeus)and tilapia(Oreochromis spp)[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2009,22(1):42-45.
[23]金一春,胡平华,曲学伟,等.二氧化碳麻醉对白斑狗鱼的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2009(12):138-140.Jin Y,Hu H,Qu X,et al.Anesthetic effect of carbon dioxide on Esox lucius[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2009(12):138-140.
[24]王利娟,程守坤,张饮江,等.MS-222在加州鲈鱼模拟运输中的麻醉效果[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(2):235-241.Wang L,Cheng S,Zhang Y,et al.Anesthetic effects of MS-222in simulated transportation of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(2):235-241.
[25]王昊龙,徐弘,安苗,等.MS-222对杂交鲟幼鱼的麻醉效果及模拟运输试验[J].山地农业生物学报,2016,35(1):40-44.Wang H,Xu H,AN M,et al.Effect of MS-222on the anesthetic results and simulated transportation in hybrid juvenile sturgeon[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2016,35(1):40-44.
[26] Coyle S D,Durborow R M,Tidwell J H.Anesthetics in Aquaculture(No.3900)[M].Stoneville:Southern Regional Aquaculture Center,2004.
[27]包杰,姜宏波,卢焕云,等.丁香油对泥鳅麻醉效果的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(5):621-624.Bao J,Jiang H,Lu H,et al.Effect of clove oil as an anesthetic on misgurnus anguillicaudatus[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social and Edition),2014,45(5):621-624.
[2]张恭,高永刚,高勤峰,等.不同温度对硬头鳟幼鱼C、N、P营养要素收支的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(10):11-17.Zhu X,Gao Q,Dong G,et al.Effects of temperature on the C,N,P nutrient budgets of juvenile steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(10):11-17.
[3]史鲲鹏,董双林,周演根,等.不同倍性虹鳟幼鱼对急性温度胁迫的抗氧化响应[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(9):3102-3110.Shi K,Dong S,Zhou Y,et al.Antioxidant responses of rainbow trout with different ploidies to acute temperature stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(9):3102-3110.
[4]张家松,杜晓燕,夏克立,等.密度对网箱养殖硬头鳟生长及经济效益的影响[J].水产学杂志,2017,30(3):7-11.Zhang J,Du X,Xia K,et al.Effect of stocking density on survival and growth in steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)cultured in a cage[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2017,30(3):7-11.
[5]杜浩,危起伟,样德国,等.MS-222、丁香油、苯唑卡因对养殖美洲鲥幼鱼的麻醉效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2007,22(1):20-26.Du H,Wei Q,Yang D,et al.Anaesthetic effects of MS-222,clove oil and benzocaine on cultured American shad Alosa sapidissimafinglings[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2007,22(1):20-26.
[6]官曙光,关健,刘洪军,等.MS-222麻醉许氏平鲉幼鱼的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2011,35(5):1-6.Guan S,Guan J,Liu H,et al.Anesthetic effect of MS-222on juveniles of Sebastes schlegeli[J].Marine Sciences,2011,35(5):1-6.
[7]刘长琳,陈四清,何力,等.MS-222对半滑舌鳎成鱼的麻醉效果研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(1):92-99.Liu C,Chen S,He L,et al.Effects of MS-222as an anaesthetic on adult Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(1):92-99.
[8]刘莹,于超勇,官曙光,等.MS-222麻醉黑鲷幼鱼的初步研究[J]齐鲁渔业,2015,10:1-4.Liu Y,Yu C,Guan S,et al.Effects of MS-222as an anaesthetic on juveniles of Sparus macrocephlus[J].Shandong Fisheries,2015,10:1-4.
[9]康玉军,段欢欢,沈娟娟,等.MS-222对1龄虹鳟的麻醉效果研究[J].科学养鱼,2016,4:50-51.Kang Y,Duan H,Shen J,et al.Anesthetic effect of MS-222on 1-year-old rainbow trout[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2016,4:50-51.
[10]菅玉霞,潘雷,胡发文,等.温度和盐度对大泷六线鱼仔鱼存活与生长的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(5):24-29.Jian Y,Pan L,Hu F,et al.The effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of larval Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks[J].Progress In Fishery Sciences,2012,33(5):24-29.
[11]关健,官曙光,郑永允,等.2-苯氧乙醇和丁香酚对许氏平鲉幼鱼麻醉效果的实验研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(6):22-31.Guan J,Guan S,Zheng Y,et al.Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil as anaesthetics on juvenile Sebastes schlegeli[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2010,31(6):22-31.
[12] Marking L L,Meyer F P.Are batter anesthetics needed in fisheries?[J].Fisheries,1985,10(6):2-5.
[13]李春梅,黄永坚.MS-222麻醉金鱼的研究[J].黄冈职业技术学院院报,2002,4(4):67-70.Li C,Huang Y.Studies on anaesthetic to gold fish by MS--222[J].Journal of Huanggang Technic College,2002,4(4):67-70.
[14]张朝晖,丛娇日,王波,等.麻醉剂丁香酚对黄蜡鲹耗氧的影响[J].海洋科学,2003,27(6):11-14.Zhang C,Cong J,Wang B,et al.The effect of Anaesthetic eugenol on the oxygen consumption rates of Trachinotus blochii[J].Marine Sciences,2003,27(6):11-14.
[15] Cooke S J,Suski C D,Ostrand K G.Behavioral and physiological assessment of low concentrations of clove oil anaesthetic for handing and transporting largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Aquaculture,2004,239:509-529.
[16]官敏,胡美洪,刘勇,等.MS-222对长鳍吻鮈幼鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].水产科技情报,2015,42(2):72-77.Guan M,Hu M,Liu Y,et al.Anesthetic effects of MS-222on Rhinogobio ventralis[J].Fisheries Science and Technology Information,2015,42(2):72-77.
[17] Mahmut Y,Metin K.The anaesthecis effects of quinaldine sulphate and/or diazapam on sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)juveniles[J].Turk J Vet Anim Scl,2001,25:185-189.
[18]张涛,杨阳,侯俊利,等.MS-222、丁香酚对多鳞四指马鲅幼鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(2):136-142.Zhang T,Yang Y,Hou J,et al.Anesthetic effects of MS-222and eugenol on Eleutheronema rhadinumfingerlings[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(2):136-142.
[19]张民强,汪开毓,王均,等.MS-222对斑点叉尾鮰麻醉效果的研究[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(1):21-25.
[20]赵明,柳学周,徐永江,等.MS-222麻醉圆斑星鲽成鱼效果研究[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(4):531-537.Zhao M,Liu X,Xu Y,et al.Study on Anaesthetic Effects of MS-222on Adult Verasper variegates[J].Advances in Marine Science,2010,28(4):531-537.
[21]包杰,冯帆,于业辉,等.丁香油对孔雀鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,6:162-163.Bao J,Feng F,Yu Y,et al.Effects of clove oil as an anaesthetic on Poecilia reticulata[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016,6:162-163.
[22]梁政远,安丽娜,缪凌鸿,等.丁香油对鲤鱼和罗非鱼的麻醉作用[J].水产学杂志,2009,22(1):42-45.Liang Z,An L,Liao L,et al.The anaesthesia effect of clove oil on common carp(Cyprinns carpio Linnaeus)and tilapia(Oreochromis spp)[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2009,22(1):42-45.
[23]金一春,胡平华,曲学伟,等.二氧化碳麻醉对白斑狗鱼的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2009(12):138-140.Jin Y,Hu H,Qu X,et al.Anesthetic effect of carbon dioxide on Esox lucius[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2009(12):138-140.
[24]王利娟,程守坤,张饮江,等.MS-222在加州鲈鱼模拟运输中的麻醉效果[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(2):235-241.Wang L,Cheng S,Zhang Y,et al.Anesthetic effects of MS-222in simulated transportation of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(2):235-241.
[25]王昊龙,徐弘,安苗,等.MS-222对杂交鲟幼鱼的麻醉效果及模拟运输试验[J].山地农业生物学报,2016,35(1):40-44.Wang H,Xu H,AN M,et al.Effect of MS-222on the anesthetic results and simulated transportation in hybrid juvenile sturgeon[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2016,35(1):40-44.
[26] Coyle S D,Durborow R M,Tidwell J H.Anesthetics in Aquaculture(No.3900)[M].Stoneville:Southern Regional Aquaculture Center,2004.
[27]包杰,姜宏波,卢焕云,等.丁香油对泥鳅麻醉效果的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(5):621-624.Bao J,Jiang H,Lu H,et al.Effect of clove oil as an anesthetic on misgurnus anguillicaudatus[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social and Edition),2014,45(5):621-624.