典型连续梁桥考虑板式橡胶支座滑移的抗震性能对比研究
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摘要
针对汶川地震中挡块破坏导致支座发生不受限的滑移行为,选取了三座不同墩高布置的典型连续梁桥,建立了考虑板式橡胶支座滑移性能和挡块滞回特性的非线性分析模型,结合支座与桥墩的损伤指标,对比研究了支座滑移和挡块强度对桥梁抗震性能的影响。研究表明:滑移摩擦系数的增大在一定范围内能减弱支座的滑移效应,但只能小幅增大墩柱延性系数,而不会改变墩柱的损伤状态;挡块强度对高墩支座滑移效应的影响明显大于矮墩,但对矮墩延性系数的影响却明显大于高墩;当挡块强度较高时,挡块的限位作用会明显增大不规则桥梁中矮墩的延性系数,加剧墩柱的损伤状态;挡块和桥梁动力特性对支座滑移效应的影响比摩擦系数更显著,在抗震设计和加固时,应对挡块的设计引起重视。
In the view of the unrestricted sliding behavior of the bearing caused by the damage of retainers in the Wenchuan earthquake,three typical continuous bridges with different pier heights were selected,and nonlinear analytical models are established considering the sliding effects of laminated rubber bearings and the hysteretic characteristics of retainers.Combined with the damage index of bearings and piers,the influence of bearing sliding and retainer design parameters on the seismic performance of bridges is compared.The results show that the increase of the sliding friction coefficient can weaken the sliding effects of bearings within a certain range.In the range of study,the friction coefficient can only slightly increase the ductility coefficient of columns without changing the damage state of columns.The effects of retainer strength on the sliding effects of high-pier bearings are obviously larger than that of low-pier bearings,but the effects on the ductility of low piers are obviously larger than that of high piers.When the strength of retainers is high,the limit effect of retainers will obviously increase the ductility coefficient of low piers in irregular bridges and aggravate the damage state of columns.The influence of retainers and bridges' dynamic characteristics on the sliding effects of bearings is more obvious than the friction coefficient.In the seismic design and reinforcement,the design of retainers should be valued.
In the view of the unrestricted sliding behavior of the bearing caused by the damage of retainers in the Wenchuan earthquake,three typical continuous bridges with different pier heights were selected,and nonlinear analytical models are established considering the sliding effects of laminated rubber bearings and the hysteretic characteristics of retainers.Combined with the damage index of bearings and piers,the influence of bearing sliding and retainer design parameters on the seismic performance of bridges is compared.The results show that the increase of the sliding friction coefficient can weaken the sliding effects of bearings within a certain range.In the range of study,the friction coefficient can only slightly increase the ductility coefficient of columns without changing the damage state of columns.The effects of retainer strength on the sliding effects of high-pier bearings are obviously larger than that of low-pier bearings,but the effects on the ductility of low piers are obviously larger than that of high piers.When the strength of retainers is high,the limit effect of retainers will obviously increase the ductility coefficient of low piers in irregular bridges and aggravate the damage state of columns.The influence of retainers and bridges' dynamic characteristics on the sliding effects of bearings is more obvious than the friction coefficient.In the seismic design and reinforcement,the design of retainers should be valued.
引文
[1] 陈乐生,庄卫林,赵河清,等.汶川地震公路震害调查:桥梁[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012. Chen Lesheng,Zhuang Weilin,Zhao Heqing,et al.Report on highways’ damage in the Wenchuanearthquake:Bridge[M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2012.(in Chinese)
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[5] 李悦,李冲,李茜.地震作用下板式橡胶支座滑移对中小跨径梁桥抗震性能的影响[J].土木工程学报,2014(S1):124-129. Li Yue,Li Chong,Li Qian.Effect of elastomeric bearings slide on seismic performance of small and medium span girder bridges in earthquake[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014(S1):124-129.(in Chinese)
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[9] 吴刚,王全录,王克海,等.考虑支座及挡块力学性能退化的桥梁横向地震响应分析[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(2):189-196. Wu Gang,Wang Quanlu,Wang Kehai,et al.Transverse seismic response analysis for bridges considering performance degradation of bearings and stoppers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(2):189-196.(in Chinese)
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[13] Mazzoni S,McKenna F,Scott MH,et al.Open system for earthquake engineering simulation(Opensees) command language manual [M].Berkeley:University of California at Berkeley,2007.
[14] 徐略勤,李建中.新型滑移挡块的设计、试验及防震效果研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(2):111-118. Xu Lueqin,Li Jianzhong.Design and experimental investigation of a new type sliding retainer and its efficacy in seismic fortification[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(2):111-118.(in Chinese)
[15] 徐略勤,乔万芝,何路平,等.地震下高墩刚构桥桥台-背土相互作用分析方法对比[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2016,38(6):105-112. Xu Lueqin,Qiao Wanzhi,He Luping,et al.Comparison of analytical methods for the abutment-backfill interaction of a rigid frame bridge with high piers under seismic loading[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural & Environmental Engineering,2016,38(6):105-112.(in Chinese)
[16] Zhang J,Huo Y.Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the fragility function method[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31(8):1648-1660.
[17] HAZUS99.Earthquake loss estimation methodology:User’s manual [M].Federal Emergency Management Agency,Washington,DC,1999.
[2] Han Q,Du X,Liu J.Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(2):263-273.
[3] Yen W P,Chen G,Yashinski M,et al.Lessons in bridge damage learned from the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(2):275-285.
[4] 范立础,聂利英,李建中.地震作用下板式橡胶支座滑动的动力性能分析[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(4):30-35. Fan Lichu,Nie Liying,Li Jianzhong.Dynamic characteristic analysis of laminated rubber bearing sliding under earthquake[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2003,16(4):30-35.(in Chinese)
[5] 李悦,李冲,李茜.地震作用下板式橡胶支座滑移对中小跨径梁桥抗震性能的影响[J].土木工程学报,2014(S1):124-129. Li Yue,Li Chong,Li Qian.Effect of elastomeric bearings slide on seismic performance of small and medium span girder bridges in earthquake[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014(S1):124-129.(in Chinese)
[6] Xiang N L,Li J Z.Seismic performance of highway bridges with different transverse unseating prevention devices[J].ASCE Journal of Bridge Engineering,2016,21(9):04016045.
[7] 徐略勤,李建中.挡块对规则连续梁桥简化抗震分析方法的影响[J].世界地震工程,2013,29(2):124-131. Xu Lueqin,Li Jianzhong.Effects of retainer on simplified seismic analytical methods for standard continuous girder bridge[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2013,29(2):124-131.(in Chinese)
[8] 汤虎,李建中,邵长宇.中小跨径板式橡胶支座梁桥横向抗震性能[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(3):55-65. Tang Hu,Li Jianzhong,Shao Changyu.Seismic performance of small and medium span girder bridges with plate type elastomeric pad bearings in the transverse direction[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(3):55-65.(in Chinese)
[9] 吴刚,王全录,王克海,等.考虑支座及挡块力学性能退化的桥梁横向地震响应分析[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(2):189-196. Wu Gang,Wang Quanlu,Wang Kehai,et al.Transverse seismic response analysis for bridges considering performance degradation of bearings and stoppers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(2):189-196.(in Chinese)
[10] AASHTO.Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design [S].American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,Washington,DC,USA,2007.
[11] 中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTG/TB 02-01—2008 公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008. Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China.JTG/TB 02-01—2008.Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges [S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[12] Xiang N L,Li J Z.Experimental and numerical study on seismic sliding mechanism of laminated rubber bearings[J].Engineering Structures,2017,141(6):159-174.
[13] Mazzoni S,McKenna F,Scott MH,et al.Open system for earthquake engineering simulation(Opensees) command language manual [M].Berkeley:University of California at Berkeley,2007.
[14] 徐略勤,李建中.新型滑移挡块的设计、试验及防震效果研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(2):111-118. Xu Lueqin,Li Jianzhong.Design and experimental investigation of a new type sliding retainer and its efficacy in seismic fortification[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(2):111-118.(in Chinese)
[15] 徐略勤,乔万芝,何路平,等.地震下高墩刚构桥桥台-背土相互作用分析方法对比[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2016,38(6):105-112. Xu Lueqin,Qiao Wanzhi,He Luping,et al.Comparison of analytical methods for the abutment-backfill interaction of a rigid frame bridge with high piers under seismic loading[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural & Environmental Engineering,2016,38(6):105-112.(in Chinese)
[16] Zhang J,Huo Y.Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the fragility function method[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31(8):1648-1660.
[17] HAZUS99.Earthquake loss estimation methodology:User’s manual [M].Federal Emergency Management Agency,Washington,DC,1999.