胶州湾盐沼CH_3I通量的季节特征及其影响因素
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摘要
为了探究胶州湾盐沼碘甲烷(CH_3I)的排放通量、排放规律及其影响因素,在2016年7月—2017年5月期间,采用静态箱法-气相色谱法对CH_3I进行了观测.结果表明,胶州湾盐沼显示为CH_3I的排放源.互花米草湿地(S区)CH_3I通量均值为9.61 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1),光滩(M区)CH_3I通量均值为6.63 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1).CH_3I的排放通量在S区与M区之间存在明显区别,S区CH_3I通量在夏、秋季较高,最高值出现在夏季;而M区CH_3I通量在冬、春季较高,最高值出现在冬季.S区与M区各月CH_3I通量总体呈相反的变化趋势,且S区与M区CH_3I通量的最大值和最小值都出现在7月.胶州湾盐沼环境因素较为复杂,因此,CH_3I排放通量的影响因素并不单一.土壤TN、pH、温度及互花米草对CH_3I通量的影响较为显著,而含水量、盐度及其他养分状况等对CH_3I通量也有一定的作用.此外,冻融过程及潮汐作用的影响也不容忽视.
In order to explore the flux, characteristics, and impact factors of CH_3I emissions in Jiaozhou Bay salt marsh, CH_3I was observed by using static chamber-gas chromatography from July 2016 to May 2017. The results show that the salt marsh of Jiaozhou Bay is the source of CH_3I emission. The CH_3I flux of Spartina alterniflora wetland(S area) and mudflat(M area) are 9.61 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1) and 6.63 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively. The emission flux of CH_3I has obvious differences between S and M area. In summer and autumn, CH_3I flux is higher in S area, and the highest value appears in summer. In winter and spring, CH_3I flux is higher in M area, and the highest value appears in winter. The monthly CH_3I fluxes in S and M regions show the opposite trend, and the maximum and minimum CH_3I fluxes in S and M areas appear in July. The environmental factors of salt marsh in Jiaozhou Bay are complex, so there are multiple factors affecting CH_3I emission flux. Soil total nitrogen, pH and temperature have significant effects on CH_3I flux. Water content, salinity and other nutrient conditions are also important. In addition, the impact of freezing and thawing process and tidal action can′t be ignored.
In order to explore the flux, characteristics, and impact factors of CH_3I emissions in Jiaozhou Bay salt marsh, CH_3I was observed by using static chamber-gas chromatography from July 2016 to May 2017. The results show that the salt marsh of Jiaozhou Bay is the source of CH_3I emission. The CH_3I flux of Spartina alterniflora wetland(S area) and mudflat(M area) are 9.61 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1) and 6.63 nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively. The emission flux of CH_3I has obvious differences between S and M area. In summer and autumn, CH_3I flux is higher in S area, and the highest value appears in summer. In winter and spring, CH_3I flux is higher in M area, and the highest value appears in winter. The monthly CH_3I fluxes in S and M regions show the opposite trend, and the maximum and minimum CH_3I fluxes in S and M areas appear in July. The environmental factors of salt marsh in Jiaozhou Bay are complex, so there are multiple factors affecting CH_3I emission flux. Soil total nitrogen, pH and temperature have significant effects on CH_3I flux. Water content, salinity and other nutrient conditions are also important. In addition, the impact of freezing and thawing process and tidal action can′t be ignored.
引文
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仝川,王维奇,雷波,等.2010.闽江河口潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量温度敏感性特征[J].湿地科学,8(3):240-248
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王进欣,孙书存,王今殊,等.2009.苏北盐沼DMS、CS2和CH4排放通量沿高程梯度的变化[J].地理科学,29(4):535-539
王进欣,王今殊,钦佩,等.2012.海岸带盐沼挥发性氯代烷烃单体成分通量的相互关系[J].地理科学,32(2):213-218
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伍星,刘慧峰,张令能,等.2014.雪被和土壤水分对典型半干旱草原土壤冻融过程中CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,34(19):5484-5493
Wuosmaa A M,Hager L P.1990.Methyl chloride transferase:a carbocation route for biosynthesis of halometabolites[J].Science,249(4965):160-162
谢文霞,赵全升,崔育倩,等.2015.海岸带盐沼生态系统卤代甲烷释放研究进展[J].应用生态学报,26(11):3554-3560
颜文,王进欣,赵赟昊,等.2017.潮水作用下苏北海岸带盐沼甲烷通量时空特征研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,(3):7-14
Youn D,Patten K O,Wuebbles D J,et al.2010.Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF3I and CH3I on atmospheric ozone:a three-dimensional modeling study[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,10(20):10129-10144
曾从盛,王维奇,张林海,等.2010.闽江河口短叶茳芏潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量[J].应用生态学报,21(2):500-504
Zeng W Z,Xu C,Wu J W,et al.2013.Effect of salinity on soil respiration and nitrogen dynamics[J].Ecological Chemistry & Engineering,20(3):519-530
Cox M L,Fraser P J,Sturrock G A,et al.2004.Terrestrial sources and sinks of halomethanes near Cape Grim,Tasmania[J].Atmospheric Environment,38(23):3839-3852
Dimmer C H,Simmonds P G,Nickless G,et al.2001.Biogenic fluxes of halomethanes from Irish peatland ecosystems[J].Atmospheric Environment,35(2):321-330
段晓男,王效科,欧阳志云.2005.维管植物对自然湿地甲烷排放的影响[J].生态学报,25(12):3375-3382
高艳娜,戚志伟,仲启铖,等.2018.长期模拟升温对崇明东滩湿地土壤微生物生物量的影响[J].生态学报,38(2):711-720
宫健,谢文霞,柴娜.2018.胶州湾潮滩湿地CHBr3通量特征及影响因素研究[J].中国环境科学,38(7):2699-2705
郭冬楠,臧淑英,赵光影,等.2015.冻融作用对小兴安岭湿地土壤溶解性有机碳和氮素矿化的影响[J].水土保持学报,29(5):260-265
韩广轩.2017.潮汐作用和干湿交替对盐沼湿地碳交换的影响机制研究进展[J].生态学报,37(24):8170-8178
胡敏杰,仝川,邹芳芳.2015.氮输入对土壤甲烷产生、氧化和传输过程的影响及其机制[J].草业学报,24(6):204-212
焦志华,黄占斌,李勇,等.2010.再生水灌溉对土壤性能和土壤微生物的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(2):319-323
Keppler F,Eiden R,Niedan V,et al.2000.Halocarbons produced by natural oxidation processes during degradation of organic matter[J].Nature,403(6767):298-301
李冠霖,何真,杨桂朋,等.2017.秋季东海挥发性卤代烃的分布和海-气通量研究[J].中国环境科学,37(5):1724-1734
Manley S L,Wang N,Walser M L,et al.2006.Coastal salt marshes as global methyl halide sources from determinations of intrinsic production by marsh plants[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,20(3),doi:10.1029/2005GB002578
Redeker K R,Treseder K K,Allen M F.2004.Ectomycorrhizal fungi:A new source of atmospheric methyl halides?[J].Global Change Biology,10(6):1009-1016
Rhew R C,Miller B R,Weiss R F.2000.Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes.[J].Nature,403(6767):292-295
Rhew R C,Miller B R,Bill M,et al.2002.Environmental and biological controls on methyl halide emissions from southern California coastal salt marshes[J].Biogeochemistry (Dordrecht),60(2):141-161
Rhew R C,Teh Y A,Abel T.2007.Methyl halide and methane fluxes in the northern Alaskan coastal tundra[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,112(G2):1169-1172
Richter U,Wallace D W R.2004.Production of methyl iodide in the tropical Atlantic Ocean[J].Geophysical Research Letters,31(23),DOI:10.1029/2004gl020779
Fuge R.1986.The geochemistry of iodine-a review[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,8(2):31-54
Saini H S,Attieh J M,Hanson A D.1995.Biosynthesis of halomethanes and methanethiol by higher plants via a novel methyltransferase reaction[J].Plant Cell and Environment,18(9):1027-1033
Singh H B,Salas L J,Stiles R E.1983.Methyl halides in and over the eastern Pacific (40°N～32°S)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,88(C6):3684-3690
宋长春,张丽华,王毅勇,等.2006.淡水沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放通量年际变化及其对氮输入的响应[J].环境科学,27(12):2369-2375
Song C,Zhang J,Wang Y,et al.2006.Emission of CO2,CH4 and N2O from freshwater marsh in northeast of China[J].Atmospheric Environment,88(3):428-436
仝川,王维奇,雷波,等.2010.闽江河口潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量温度敏感性特征[J].湿地科学,8(3):240-248
Von Glasow R,Crutzen P J.2007.Tropospheric halogen chemistry[J].Treatise on Geochemistry,4:1-67
Wang J,Li R,Guo Y,et al.2006.The flux of methyl chloride along an elevational gradient of a coastal salt marsh,Eastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,40(34):6592-6605
王进.2009.苏北海岸带盐沼二氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷通量沿高程梯度的变化特征[J].生态学报,29(8):4026-4034
王进欣,孙书存,王今殊,等.2009.苏北盐沼DMS、CS2和CH4排放通量沿高程梯度的变化[J].地理科学,29(4):535-539
王进欣,王今殊,钦佩,等.2012.海岸带盐沼挥发性氯代烷烃单体成分通量的相互关系[J].地理科学,32(2):213-218
王玲玲,孙志高,牟晓杰,等.2011.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地CO2、CH4和N2O通量特征初步研究[J].草业学报,20(3):51-61
伍星,刘慧峰,张令能,等.2014.雪被和土壤水分对典型半干旱草原土壤冻融过程中CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,34(19):5484-5493
Wuosmaa A M,Hager L P.1990.Methyl chloride transferase:a carbocation route for biosynthesis of halometabolites[J].Science,249(4965):160-162
谢文霞,赵全升,崔育倩,等.2015.海岸带盐沼生态系统卤代甲烷释放研究进展[J].应用生态学报,26(11):3554-3560
颜文,王进欣,赵赟昊,等.2017.潮水作用下苏北海岸带盐沼甲烷通量时空特征研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,(3):7-14
Youn D,Patten K O,Wuebbles D J,et al.2010.Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF3I and CH3I on atmospheric ozone:a three-dimensional modeling study[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,10(20):10129-10144
曾从盛,王维奇,张林海,等.2010.闽江河口短叶茳芏潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量[J].应用生态学报,21(2):500-504
Zeng W Z,Xu C,Wu J W,et al.2013.Effect of salinity on soil respiration and nitrogen dynamics[J].Ecological Chemistry & Engineering,20(3):519-530