菜籽油下脚料制备磷矿浮选捕收剂研究进展
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摘要
综合评述了菜籽油下脚料(菜油脚)改性制备磷矿浮选捕收剂的原理以及研究进展。脂肪酸类捕收剂在磷矿浮选中广泛用于捕收磷酸盐和碳酸盐,菜油脚中含磷脂、中性油等物质,改性后可用作磷矿捕收剂,可以通过水解-皂化或直接皂化将菜油脚改性为脂肪酸皂以提高其分散性,再通过引入极性官能团提高亲水端的极性、改造亲水端配位基团以增大胶磷矿与脉石矿物的选别差异,从而提高其选择性。该改性方法虽有成本优势,但大多数改性捕收剂需复配以浮选助剂后方能获得优异的浮选指标,因而进一步优化捕收剂分子结构是菜油脚改性的关键。
In this paper,the principle and research progress on the preparation of phosphate flotation collector by modification of rapeseed oil residue are reported.Fatty acid collectors are widely applied to collect phosphates and carbonates in phosphate flotation.The rapeseed oil residue contains phospholipids,neutral oils and other minerals and can be used as phosphate rock collector after being modified.The rapeseed oil residue can be modified into a fatty acid soap by hydrolysis-saponification or direct saponification to improve its dispersibility.The polarity of the hydrophilic end can be increased by introducing apolar functional group and by modifying the hydrophilic terminal coordination group,the difference between phosphate rock and gangue minerals is increased,thereby increasing its selectivity.Although the modified method has cost advantages,most of the modified collectors need to be compounded with flotation aids to obtain excellent flotation indexes,so further optimization of the molecular structure of the collector is the key to the modification of rapeseed oil residue.
In this paper,the principle and research progress on the preparation of phosphate flotation collector by modification of rapeseed oil residue are reported.Fatty acid collectors are widely applied to collect phosphates and carbonates in phosphate flotation.The rapeseed oil residue contains phospholipids,neutral oils and other minerals and can be used as phosphate rock collector after being modified.The rapeseed oil residue can be modified into a fatty acid soap by hydrolysis-saponification or direct saponification to improve its dispersibility.The polarity of the hydrophilic end can be increased by introducing apolar functional group and by modifying the hydrophilic terminal coordination group,the difference between phosphate rock and gangue minerals is increased,thereby increasing its selectivity.Although the modified method has cost advantages,most of the modified collectors need to be compounded with flotation aids to obtain excellent flotation indexes,so further optimization of the molecular structure of the collector is the key to the modification of rapeseed oil residue.
引文
[1]肖建军,邱祖民,饶荣,等.地沟油制备新型浮选捕收剂的研究进展[J].现代化工,2015,35(4):57-59.
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[13]史继斌,许瑞波,王明艳,等.一种脂肪酸类复合捕收剂的合成及应用研究[J].广东有色金属学报,2005(4):1-3.
[14]黎丽.油脚制备生物柴油的研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2008.
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[16]施肖峰.油脚皂脚利用的实践和探索[J].农业机械,2010(4):73-75.
[17]黄齐茂,邓成斌,向平,等.α-氯代脂肪酸柠檬酸单酯捕收剂合成及应用研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(2):31-34.
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[2]陈天祥,吴邦信.菜籽油油脚——皂脚中脂肪酸提取和分离清洁工艺研究[J].贵州环保科技,1997(1):27-33.
[3]潘志权,沈博玮.基于脂肪酸的磷矿捕收剂的研制与应用进展[J].武汉工程大学学报,2016,38(1):1-9.
[4]唐清,钟宏,王帅,等.羟肟酸类化合物的合成与应用研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(3):703-709.
[5]李成秀.难选胶磷矿浮选新药剂试验及作用机理研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014.
[6]罗惠华,童义隆,李成秀,等.一种新型磷矿捕收剂的研制与浮选性能[J].矿产综合利用,2018(4):23-27.
[7]王淀佐.浮选药剂作用原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1982:102-104.
[8]罗庆华,林俊清,张习敏.碱法水解油菜籽油制备脂肪酸[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(11):6515-6516.
[9]吴宏坤.菜油脚提取中性油和制取脂肪酸[J].粮食与油脂,1989(4):40-42.
[10]吴邦信,陈天祥.复合裂解高效提取菜油脚——皂脚脂肪酸[J].中国环境科学,1999(4):353-356.
[11]谢佑国,叶金大,秦蓁.菜油脚制取脂肪酸的探讨[J].上海化工,1994(1):15-18.
[12]宋文,陈天祥,陈辉.用菜油脚研制高硅镁低磷磷矿石特效浮选剂[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002(1):79-83.
[13]史继斌,许瑞波,王明艳,等.一种脂肪酸类复合捕收剂的合成及应用研究[J].广东有色金属学报,2005(4):1-3.
[14]黎丽.油脚制备生物柴油的研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2008.
[15]胡海山,王兴涌,周蕊,等.国内磷矿浮选捕收剂研究的新进展[J].矿山机械,2009,37(14):1-4.
[16]施肖峰.油脚皂脚利用的实践和探索[J].农业机械,2010(4):73-75.
[17]黄齐茂,邓成斌,向平,等.α-氯代脂肪酸柠檬酸单酯捕收剂合成及应用研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(2):31-34.
[18]黄齐茂,向平,罗惠华,等.氯代脂肪酸季戊四醇单酯浮选剂的合成与应用[J].现代化工,2009(6):49-51.