江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物群落特征
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摘要
为了解江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物现状,分别于2014年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月),对该海域大型底栖生物种类组成、生物量、丰度和生物多样性进行了调查。结果表明:3个航次共采集到大型底栖生物种类6门(环节动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物、软体动物、腔肠动物和鱼类)92种,其中,甲壳动物种类最多(31种),其次为鱼类(28种)和软体类(27种),大型底栖生物种类数呈现北部海域(54种)>南部海域(32种)>中部海域(30种)的特征,优势种类主要有伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina、海地瓜Acaudina molpadioides、马氏刺蛇尾Ophrothrix marenzelleri、沙蚕Nereis succinea、毛蚶Scapharca kagoshimensis和缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta;3个航次大型底栖生物平均丰度为6.33 ind./m2,时空分布为春季南部海域>中部海域和北部海域,夏季为南部海域>北部海域>中部海域,秋季为北部海域>南部海域>中部海域;大型底栖生物平均生物量为13.22 g/m2,时空分布为春季和夏季南部海域>北部海域>中部海域,秋季为中部海域>南部海域>北部海域;以季节和海域为双因素对物种数、丰度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行方差分析,结果表明,除丰度不同海域间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)外,其他各项均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,与历史资料相比,江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物种类数减少,优势种类发生变化。
Macrozoobenthic community including species composition,abundance,biomass,and biodiversity was monitored in the coastal waters in Jiangsu Province in spring,summer,and autumn of 2014. A total of 92 species were found,belonging to six categories(Annulata,Echinodermata,Crustacea,Mollusca,Coelenterata and Fish),with the maximal number of crustacea(31 species),followed by fish(28 species) and mollusca(27 species).The order of number of macrobenthic species was expressed as norther part(54 species) > southern part(32 species) > middle part(30 species),with dominant species of Oliva mustelina,Acaudina molpadioides,Ophrothrix marenzelleri,Nereis succinea sp.,Scapharca kagoshimensis,and Sinonovacula constrzcta and average abundance of6.33 ind./m2. The spatial and temporal profiles of average abundance was described as south part > middle part and north part in spring,south part >north part >middle part in summer and north part >south part >middle part in autumn. The order of spatial and temporal profile of average macrobenthic biomass was expressed as south part >north part >middle part in spring and summer and middle part > south part > north part in autumn,with average macrobenthic biomass of 13.22 g/m2. Variance analysis of species number,abundance,biomass,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margaled diversity index,and Pielou evenness index using season and sea area as two factors revealed that there were no significant differences in those factors(P>0.05) except for abundance in various parts of the surveyed area(P<0.05).
Macrozoobenthic community including species composition,abundance,biomass,and biodiversity was monitored in the coastal waters in Jiangsu Province in spring,summer,and autumn of 2014. A total of 92 species were found,belonging to six categories(Annulata,Echinodermata,Crustacea,Mollusca,Coelenterata and Fish),with the maximal number of crustacea(31 species),followed by fish(28 species) and mollusca(27 species).The order of number of macrobenthic species was expressed as norther part(54 species) > southern part(32 species) > middle part(30 species),with dominant species of Oliva mustelina,Acaudina molpadioides,Ophrothrix marenzelleri,Nereis succinea sp.,Scapharca kagoshimensis,and Sinonovacula constrzcta and average abundance of6.33 ind./m2. The spatial and temporal profiles of average abundance was described as south part > middle part and north part in spring,south part >north part >middle part in summer and north part >south part >middle part in autumn. The order of spatial and temporal profile of average macrobenthic biomass was expressed as south part >north part >middle part in spring and summer and middle part > south part > north part in autumn,with average macrobenthic biomass of 13.22 g/m2. Variance analysis of species number,abundance,biomass,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margaled diversity index,and Pielou evenness index using season and sea area as two factors revealed that there were no significant differences in those factors(P>0.05) except for abundance in various parts of the surveyed area(P<0.05).
引文
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[23]张萍,缴建华,孙万胜,等.渤海湾天津近岸海域大型底栖动物群落结构及次级生产力的初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):324-330.
[24]张敬怀.珠江口及邻近海域大型底栖动物多样性随盐度、水深的变化趋势[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):302-310.
[2]于雯雯,刘培廷,汤建华,等.吕泗渔场近岸产卵场鱼卵的种类组成与数量分布[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(5):9-17.
[3]段翠兰,黄春贵,樊祥科,等.近年来江苏省海洋环境质量状况[J].环境研究与监测,2013,26(3):66-70,51.
[4]刘尊雷,汤建华,林龙山,等.江苏沿岸定置张网主要渔获组成以及对经济鱼类幼体的损害分析[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(1):16-26.
[5]陈君,张长宽,林康,等.江苏沿海滩涂资源围垦开发利用研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(2):213-219.
[6]章志,宋晓村,邱宇,等.江苏沿海滩涂资源开发利用研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(3):45-49.
[7]张冲,王仲萍,杨同军.江苏沿海滩涂资源开发利用及相关问题研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2013(4):11-15.
[8]王惠中,刘伟京,陈婷,等.江苏沿海开发与环境保护战略研究[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(4):50-53,56.
[9]简慧兰.关于南通生态海洋建设的思考[J].海洋开发与管理,2009,26(8):37-40.
[10]沈永明,冯年华,周勤,等.江苏沿海滩涂围垦现状及其对环境的影响[J].海洋科学,2006,30(10):39-43.
[11]李新正.我国海洋大型底栖生物多样性研究及展望:以黄海为例[J].生物多样性,2011,19(6):676-684.
[12]尤仲杰,陶磊,焦海峰,等.象山港大型底栖动物功能群研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(3):431-435.
[13]胡颢琰,黄备,唐静亮,等.渤、黄海近岸海域底栖生物生态研究[J].东海海洋,2000,18(4):39-46.
[14]高爱根,杨俊毅,陈全震,等.达山岛、平岛、车牛山岛邻近海域大型底栖生物分布特征[J].海洋学报:中文版,2003,25(6):135-141.
[15]张虎,郭仲仁,刘培廷,等.苏北浅滩生态监控区大型底栖生物分布特征[J].南方水产,2009,5(1):29-35.
[16]全为民,安传光,马春艳,等.江苏小庙洪牡蛎礁大型底栖动物多样性及群落结构[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(5):992-1000.
[17]孙习武,孙满昌,张硕,等.海州湾人工鱼礁二期工程海域大型底栖生物初步研究[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(1):57-61.
[18]孙习武,张硕,赵裕青,等.海州湾人工鱼礁海域鱼类和大型无脊椎动物群落组成及结构特征[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(4):505-513.
[19]范士亮,王宗兴,徐勤增,等.苏北浅滩邻近海域秋季大型底栖动物生态特征[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(4):489-497.
[20]李永强,李捷,刘会莲,等.海州湾大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究[J].海洋科学,2013,37(4):6-12.
[21]Cortés E.A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1997,54(3):726-738.
[22]施并章,沈国英.海洋生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[23]张萍,缴建华,孙万胜,等.渤海湾天津近岸海域大型底栖动物群落结构及次级生产力的初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):324-330.
[24]张敬怀.珠江口及邻近海域大型底栖动物多样性随盐度、水深的变化趋势[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):302-310.