青草沙水库工程对河床冲淤演变的影响
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摘要
为了探究长江口青草沙水库建设前后工程周边的水动力环境和河床泥沙冲淤变化,通过平面二维潮流悬沙数值模拟,结合改进后可以同时计算淤积和冲刷强度的王义刚公式进行冲淤计算。研究结果表明,水库建成后,长兴岛北侧航道的分流比和流速下降,南侧航道的分流比和流速上升;水库南侧航道整体呈冲刷状态,而北侧航道整体呈淤积状态,南侧航道变化量小于北侧航道,工程的实施对北侧航道水下地形的影响较南侧大;改进后的王义刚公式对水库周边冲淤的计算结果与工程建设后实测地形和数值模型结果吻合较好。
To explore the hydrodynamic environment and sediment scouring and silting around the Yangtze estuary before and after the construction of the Qingcaosha Reservoir Project,a depth-averaged 2 D tidal current and suspended sediment numerical model was established to simulate erosion and deposition. Combined with a modified empirical formula proposed by Wang Yigang,the numerical model can simulate the intensity of erosion and deposition simultaneously. The calculated results show that,after the construction of the reservoir,the diversion ratio and flow velocity in the north channel of the Changing Island decrease but increase in the south channel. The south channel of the reservoir shows a scouring state,while deposition dominates in the north channel. The variation in the south channel is less than that in the north channel,indicating that the construction of the reservoir project has a greater impact on the underwater topography in the north channel. The calculated results by the modified Wang Yigang 's formula are in good agreement with the measured topography and the numerical results after the project construction.
To explore the hydrodynamic environment and sediment scouring and silting around the Yangtze estuary before and after the construction of the Qingcaosha Reservoir Project,a depth-averaged 2 D tidal current and suspended sediment numerical model was established to simulate erosion and deposition. Combined with a modified empirical formula proposed by Wang Yigang,the numerical model can simulate the intensity of erosion and deposition simultaneously. The calculated results show that,after the construction of the reservoir,the diversion ratio and flow velocity in the north channel of the Changing Island decrease but increase in the south channel. The south channel of the reservoir shows a scouring state,while deposition dominates in the north channel. The variation in the south channel is less than that in the north channel,indicating that the construction of the reservoir project has a greater impact on the underwater topography in the north channel. The calculated results by the modified Wang Yigang 's formula are in good agreement with the measured topography and the numerical results after the project construction.
引文
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[17]韩其为.泥沙起动规律及起动流速[J].泥沙研究,1982(2):11-26.(HAN Qiwei.Characteristics of incipient sediment motion and incipient velocity[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1982(2):11-26.(in Chinese))
[18]李瑞杰,罗锋,周华民,等.泥沙沉降机率和冲刷系数分析[J].泥沙研究,2010(1):63-66.(LI Ruijie,LUO Feng,ZHOU Huamin,et al.Analysison sediment setting probability and erosion coefficient[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2010(1):63-66.(in Chinese))
[19]董晓伟.中尺度海岸演变动力模型与行为模型对比研究[D].南京:河海大学,2014.
[2]窦希萍,李来,窦国仁.长江口全沙数学模型研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1999(2):136-145.(DOU Xipin,LI Lai,DOU Guoren.Numerical model study on total sediment transport in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1999(2):136-145.(in Chinese))
[3]王兆华,杜景龙.长江口深水航道一、二期工程建设以来北槽河段的冲淤演变[J].海洋通报,2006(6):55-62.(WANG Zhaohua,DU Jinlong.Evolvement of the north passage after executing the Deep-Water Channel Project of Yangtze Estuary[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2006(6):55-62.(in Chinese))
[4]王艳姣,张鹰,陈荣.基于GIS长江口北港河段冲淤变化的可视化分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):223-226.(WANG Yanjiao,ZHANG Ying,CHEN Rong.GIS-based visualized analysis of scouring and siltation in North Channel of Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2006,34(2):223-226.(in Chinese))
[5]陆忠民,卢永金,宋少红,等.青草沙水库建设与长江口综合整治关系研究[J].给水排水,2009(1):55-58.(LU Zhongmin,LU Yongjing,SONG Shaohong,et al.Study of Qingcaosha Reservoir construction and comprehensive regulation of the Yangtze Estuary relationship[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009(1):55-58.(in Chinese))
[6]时连强,李九发,应铭,等.长江口没冒沙演变过程及其对水库工程的响应[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006(4):458-466.(SHI Lianqiang,LI Jiufa,YING Ming,et al.Evolutional process in Momaosa of the Yangtze River Estuary and its response to reservoir project[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2006(4):458-466.(in Chinese))
[7]陈界仁,陈国祥.黄河河口三角洲演变的数学模拟[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(1):103-106.(CHEN Jieren,CHEN Guoxiang.Mathematical simulation of the Yellow River mouth delta processes[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2001,29(1):103-106.(in Chinese))
[8]刘家驹,张镜潮.淤泥质海岸航道、港池淤积计算方法及其推广应用:兼论连云港建西大堤后的泥沙问题[J].水利水运科学研究,1993(4):301-320.(LIU Jiaju,ZHANG Jinchao.The calculation method and its application of silt coastal waterway and harbor basin,and the sediment problem after the construction of the west bank of lianyungang.[J].Journal of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1993(4):301-320.(in Chinese))
[9]曹祖德,王桂芬.波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,1993,15(1):107-118.(CAO Zude,WANG Guifen.Numerical simulation of wave lifting sand and tidal current sediment transport[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1993,15(1):107-118.(in Chinese))
[10]乐培九,张华庆.河口海湾地区航道挖槽回淤的估算方法[J].水道港口,1993(3):1-11.(YUE Peijiu,ZHANG Huaqing.An estimate method of siltation for dredged channels in estuaries[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,1993(3):1-11.(in Chinese))
[11]WANG Yigang,LI Xi,LIN Xiang.Analysis on suspended sediment deposition rate for muddy coast of reclaimed land[J].China Ocean Engineering,2001(1):147-152.
[12]WILLIAMS D J,PEIRCE T J.Experiments on certain aspects of sedimentation of estuarine muds[C]//[S.l.]:Institution of Civil Engineers,1966:391-402.
[13]侯志强,杨华.黄骅港外航道骤淤分析[J].水道港口,2004,25(4):213-215.(HOU Zhiqiang,YANG Hua.Analysis of sudden siltation of outer channel of Huanghua Harbor[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2004,25(4):213-215.(in Chinese))
[14]窦国仁.潮汐水流中的悬沙运动及冲淤计算[J].水利学报,1963(4):13-23.(DOU Guoren.Suspended sediment movement and scouring and silting calculation in tidal currents[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1963(4):13-23.(in Chinese))
[15]罗肇森.河口航道开挖后的回淤计算[J].泥沙研究,1987(2):13-20.(LUO Zhaosen.Computation of siltation in dredged channels in estuaries[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1987(2):13-20.(in Chinese))
[16]王义刚,林祥,冯卫兵.计算淤泥质海岸围垦多年回淤强度的一种简便方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2000,28(6):100-102.(WANG Yigang,LIN Xiang,FENG Weibin.A simple method for calculating long-term deposition rate after construction of warping bank in estuary[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2000,28(6):100-102.(in Chinese))
[17]韩其为.泥沙起动规律及起动流速[J].泥沙研究,1982(2):11-26.(HAN Qiwei.Characteristics of incipient sediment motion and incipient velocity[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1982(2):11-26.(in Chinese))
[18]李瑞杰,罗锋,周华民,等.泥沙沉降机率和冲刷系数分析[J].泥沙研究,2010(1):63-66.(LI Ruijie,LUO Feng,ZHOU Huamin,et al.Analysison sediment setting probability and erosion coefficient[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2010(1):63-66.(in Chinese))
[19]董晓伟.中尺度海岸演变动力模型与行为模型对比研究[D].南京:河海大学,2014.